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Topic: Irukandji syndrome

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	Irukandji syndrome - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Irukandji syndrome is a seldom fatal, but nevertheless painful condition induced by the sting of Carukia barnesi, the Irukandji jellyfish.
		In order to prove that the jellyfish was the cause of the syndrome, he deliberately stung himself and his son and observed the symptoms.
		A paper from the Cairns Base Hospital lists 62 cases of Irukandji envenomation in 1996, with 2 victims developing pulmonary edema, presumably due to a direct myocardial depressant action of the toxin, or as a result of excessive catecholamine release.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Irukandji_syndrome (449 words)

	Irukandji jellyfish - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Irukandji jellyfish (Carukia barnesi) is a small, extremely venomous box jellyfish of the class Cubozoa that occurs in the waters of north Queensland, Australia.
		Unlike other jellyfish, the Irukandji jellyfish has stingers (nematocysts) not only on its tentacles (which are arranged in clusters that look similar to drops of water), but also on its bell.
		In the segment, a young Australian woman was stung and developed a severe case of Irukandji syndrome.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Irukandji_jellyfish (646 words)

	Irukandji syndrome
		The initial sting of the Irukandji jellyfish is usually not very painful, although, this is not always the case.
		While Irukandji was originally used to refer to a single species of jellyfish, Carukia barnesi, it is now used to refer to any box jellyfish with a sting that produces Irukandji syndrome.
		In Australia, most cases of Irukandji syndrome are restricted to waters north of the Tropic of Capricorn.
	www.reef.crc.org.au /publications/brochures/Irukandjisyndrome.htm (494 words)

	Irukandji and Irukandji Syndrome
		It's also been almost 3 years since the irukandji syndrome so publicly claimed two lives in North Queensland great barrier reef waters and it is about time we got to know our enemy.
		You could be forgiven for thinking irukandji is a type of jellyfish but it is actually a syndrome, or a set of symptoms that occur as a result of a jellyfish sting.
		The recent influx of irukandji interest is due to the huge amount of media attention generated by the deaths of two international visitors from jellyfish stings, including, one stung while swimming near Hamilton Island on the Great Barrier Reef early last year.
	www.scubacentre.com.au /irukandji.htm (1377 words)

	Unknown New Species Of Tiny Jellyfish Kills Two Oz Tourists
		The first recording of Irukandji syndrome was noted in northern Australia by a doctor during the 1940s.
		He named the syndrome after the Aboriginal people of the Irukandji tribe living at Palm Cove, about 25 km (16 miles) north of Cairns, who for generations knew of an invisible danger in the water that could trigger a strange sickness.
		Irukandji syndrome has also been recorded elsewhere, across the Indian and Pacific oceans, but not as often as in Queensland where hordes of tourists a year are attracted to the pristine tropical beaches and the Great Barrier Reef to dive and snorkel.
	www.rense.com /general26/unknownnewspecies.htm (905 words)

	eMJA: Fatal envenomation by jellyfish causing Irukandji syndrome
		Stings causing the delayed effects of the Irukandji syndrome are well known in the Whitsunday area, with almost every patient developing hypertension and a rise in cardiac troponin levels,7 as seen in our patient.
		Fenner PJ, Carney I. The Irukandji syndrome: a devastating syndrome caused by a north Australian jellyfish.
		Fatal envenomation by jellyfish causing Irukandji syndrome Med J Aust 2003; 178 (3): 139.
	www.mja.com.au /public/issues/177_07_071002/fen10297_fm.html (1658 words)

	Page Title
		This syndrome presented with a minor skin sting but was followed approximately 30 minutes later by a bizarre set of distressing systemic symptoms.
		did suggest that the Irukandji syndrome was mild and had few severe systemic effects, with the majority of patients being discharged home after several hours monitoring in a specialised "observation ward", and without the need for admission.
		Papilloedema and coma in a child: undescribed symptoms of the "Irukandji" syndrome.
	www.tropmed.org /jellyfish/March2000/page4.html (899 words)

	Guardian \| Tiny, deadly and invisible jellyfish claims British victim
		Australia's leading Irukandji expert, Dr Peter Fenner, predicted it could take another 10 years to find a cure for the sting, because there could be up to 10 different species of Irukandji responsible for causing "Irukandji syndrome".
		The intense pain experienced by victims of the "Irukandji syndrome" had puzzled people for years before the jellyfish behind the sting was discovered in 1966 by Jack Barnes, a Cairns doctor who lay underwater for six hours to catch one.
		Jack Barnes took the tiny jellyfish he had caught and tested whether it was the cause of "Irukandji syndrome" by stinging himself, his 14-year-old son and a local lifeguard.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,4349340-105806,00.html (958 words)

	News in Science - Toxic shock from stinger family - 15/10/2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		The Irukandji box jellyfish, or cubozoans, are related to the deadly large box jellyfish or stinger Chironex fleckeri, which has killed more than 60 people in Australia.
		Irukandji jellyfish have nematocysts, or stinging cells, on the body as well as the tentacles.
		Irukandji Syndrome is most prevalent between early December to mid-February, along the tropical coast from Broome in WA to Rockhampton in Queensland.
	www.abc.net.au /science/news/stories/s700864.htm (672 words)

	AIMS Media Release - January 8, 2003
		Irukandji Syndrome is a clinical problem - an envenoming syndrome of humans.
		The imperative for ongoing research is because of the syndrome's potential to cause significant pain, morbidity and mortality with all of the associated social and financial implications.
		Further definition of each of these aspects of the clinical problem of Irukandji Syndrome is not only vital for the clinical outcomes it will deliver but also central to any reasoned application of other forms of scientific research of the topic.
	www.aims.gov.au /news/pages/media-release-20030108.html (703 words)

	Development of an Irukandji Jellyfish Antivenom
		The Irukandji syndrome is a potentially catastrophic complex of clinical signs and symptoms that has been attributed to the stings of various species of jellyfish.
		Though the syndrome was first described almost fifty years ago, its pharmacological basis and a specific treatment have eluded investigators.
		It was concluded from this study that the Irukandji syndrome was caused by the release of endogenous adrenaline and noradrenaline (‘fight or flight’ hormones) stimulated by the jellyfish toxin acting on the nervous system (i.e.
	www.hermonslade.org.au /projects/HSF_97_1/hsf_97_1.htm (888 words)

	MJA: Hadok, "Irukandji" syndrome: a risk for divers in tropical waters
		I report a case of Irukandji syndrome in a scuba diver for whom appropriate therapy was delayed because it was not initially considered as a possible cause of the patient's symptoms.
		Irukandji syndrome was suggested and, when prompted, the patient recalled seeing a small jellyfish while descending and feeling a slight irritation on his right arm.
		This case is a reminder that Irukandji syndrome can be a "diving-related illness", and should always be considered in the differential diagnoses of an ill diver in tropical waters.
	www.mja.com.au /public/issues/xmas/letters/hadok.html (653 words)

	Irukandji Jellyfish. Carukia barnesi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Irukandji is the name of an aboriginal tribe that once lived in the area around Cairns in north Queensland.
		He stung himself, his son and a surf life saver to check that the jellyfish he had caught was responsible for 'irukandji syndrome'.
		Unlike Chironex fleckeri (Box Jelly Fish), Irukandji are found mostly in the deeper waters of the reef, although they may be swept inshore by prevailing currents.
	www.barrierreefaustralia.com /the-great-barrier-reef/irukandji.htm (603 words)

	RACGP \| Irukandji Syndrome \| November - New Technologies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Background The Irukandji syndrome is a group of delayed (10-40 mins, mean 30 mins) severe systemic symptoms occurring after an initial mild skin sting by small carybdeid (box) jellyfish including Carukia barnesi, known colloquially as the 'Irukandji'.
		Although the syndrome is well known in tropical Australian waters, the 1998-1999 season in north Queensland was notable for the unusually high number of victims with severe toxic heart failure who needed admission to intensive care facilities for more complex investigations and treatment.
		Research into the cause and treatment of this potentially devastating syndrome is hampered by lack of funding, although there are large costs to the taxpayers for retrieval and medical treatment of victims.
	www.racgp.org.au /document.asp?id=1655 (334 words)

	CRC Reef Research Centre
		Irukandji syndrome is the name given to a group of systemic symptoms that occur after the sting of a jellyfish.
		Thus far, only Carukia barnesi is scientifically known to cause Irukandji syndrome; at least six other undescribed species are strongly suspected of also causing the syndrome, but have not been scientifically tested.
		For effective risk management of Irukandji stings, it is crucial to be able to identify the species causing Irukandji syndrome and to understand the phlyogenetic relationships between them.
	www.reef.crc.org.au /resprogram/programC/C6-1.htm (221 words)

	DEATH, WHERE IS THY STING (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Her symptoms were uncannily similar to Irukandji syndrome, caused by the sting of the tiny but venomous jellyfish Carukia barnesi, a denizen of the warm seas around Australia's tropical north.
		A cubozoan or box-type jellyfish, the Irukandji is a diminutive cousin of the deadly box jellyfish or sea wasp, Chironex fleckeri, of Australia's north-eastern tropical waters.
		Winkel is amused at the suggestion that it might take a severe case of Irukandji syndrome in a Prime Minister, or a millionaire yachtsman visiting the Port Douglas marina, to bring attention to the neglect of this life-saving branch of research, and the taxonomic research that underpins it.
	www.irysec.vic.edu.au /sci/goneill/venom.htm (3035 words)

	Rural and Remote Health Journal - View Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Introduction: Irukandji syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition that follows the sting of small carybdeid jellyfish, occurs along the northern Australian coastline from Broome, Western Australia in the west to Rockhampton, Queensland in the east.
		Methods: A telephone survey of the clinicians responsible for Irukandji syndrome patient management at 34 coastal northern Australian health facilities that might encounter this patient presentation was conducted during November and December 2003.
		Healthcare providers responsible for Irukandji syndrome management on the day of survey were interviewed using a structured, standardized questionnaire, which included a description of a hypothetical patient with Irukandji syndrome.
	rrh.deakin.edu.au /articles/showarticlenew.asp?ArticleID=369 (597 words)

	JCU - Irukandji syndrome
		Irukandji syndrome can be caused by a range of animals, from peanut-size Carukia barnesi, which we find off Cairns, to much larger jelly-fish, and they all deliver different combinations of the spectrum of symptoms covered by the term Irukandji syndrome.
		Dr Seymour said if it were established that the recent death was the result of Irukandji syndrome, he doubted it would be the same species as those found in unprecedented numbers in Cairns waters recently.
		Dr Seymour said that the animals responsible for Irukandji syndrome were predominantly offshore creatures, but were found at swimming beaches in certain conditions.
	media.jcu.edu.au /story.cfm?id=44 (554 words)

	JYI.org :: The Box Jellyfish: Australia’s Other Marine Killer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Irukandji Syndrome — The aftermath of a sting
		Instead, he explains that the sea wasp and those that cause Irukandji Syndrome are hunting fish.
		Doctors recognized that the labor pain is similar to the pain caused by Irukandji Syndrome.
	www.jyi.org /articletools/print.php?id=189 (1333 words)

	AMA - MJA Release
		Irukandji syndrome - a tale in the sting
		The implications of the first reported deaths from Irukandji syndrome are discussed in an article in the latest issue of the Medical Journal of Australia.
		The syndrome was originally attributed specifically to Carukia barnesi, a small box jellyfish, but recent research now suggests that this syndrome is caused by at least five or six small carybdeid jellyfish similar to C.
	www.ama.com.au /web.nsf/doc/WEEN-5GB3PY (325 words)

	Toxic jellyfish, deadly - Australia (Queensland) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Following tests, experts cleared the Irukandji jellyfish, or Carukia barnesi, of one of the tourist's death, but in the process discovered there are more undetected deadly jellyfish lurking in Australian waters, with no antivenin available.
		Every year, between November and May, about 30 people are taken to hospital in far north Queensland suffering from Irukandji syndrome, but a lack of research funding has hindered progress in finding an anti- venin.
		But this year the numbers seeking treatment jumped to about 200 with 2 deaths, as the tiny jellyfish was washed ashore from its usual deep waters by prevailing currents and winds, slipping through protective nets shielding beaches.
	library.kcc.hawaii.edu /external/praise/news/eh201.html (834 words)

	Irukandji Jellyfish Facts and Information
		The Irukandji, a small jellyfish with a bell approximately 2cm in diameter is responsible for the unusual and dramatic syndrome observed following stings commonly known as Irukandji Syndrome.
		The Irukandji from its peanut sized body has a single retractile tentacle ranging from 50 to 500 mm long, hanging from each of the four corners of its bell.
		Advances in treatment for Irukandji stings have progressed since my sting in 2003 as anti-venoms such as the magnesium based one used to treat me are being tested throughout most Australian hospitals in areas close to Irukandji habitats.
	www.timsaxon.co.uk /Irukandjifacts.html (576 words)

	Growfish - Gippsland Aquaculture Industry Network (GAIN) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Australian scientists have succeeded in breeding a deadly irukandji jellyfish in a breakthrough that could lead to development of long-sought anti-venom, officials said on Tuesday.
		said she kept several of the irukandji jellyfish alive in captivity long enough for them to spawn.
		Irukandji jellyfish are the size of a human thumbnail but their sting can cause painful and debilitating symptoms known as Irukandji Syndrome that is suspected of having killed at least two tourists on the
	www.growfish.com.au /content.asp?contentid=1454 (197 words)

	Magnetic Island News - Magnetic Island, North Queensland, Australia
		Horseshoe Bay beach has been closed for swimming after a six year old, Jack Webster, from Kelso developed irukandji syndrome after being stung inside the stinger net yesterday and another jellyfish was caught inside the net this morning.
		Irukandji is not a specific type of jellyfish but is actually a syndrome, or a set of symptoms that occur following a jellyfish sting.
		Here in the USA a program was aired on the Discovery Channel this past week about the dangers of Irukandji and how it appears that the $1 Billion tourist industry in Queensland has appeared to keep things quiet.
	magnetictimes.com /index.php?d=&ID=1712 (747 words)

	Jellyfish could yield next Viagra - Science - www.theage.com.au
		The sting from an irukandji tentacle can cause irukandji syndrome, entailing severe pain, anxiety, paralysis and a potentially fatal rise in blood pressure.
		James Cook University irukandji researcher Lisa-Ann Gershwin believes she has identified the species responsible, after Mackay physician Peter Fenner noticed the symptom.
		"Irukandji syndrome is something that happens to you that might kill you," she said.
	www.theage.com.au /articles/2004/07/21/1090089218447.html?oneclick=true (257 words)

	Entrez PubMed
		Irukandji syndrome in northern Western Australia: an emerging health problem.
		MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of patients with Irukandji syndrome; their demographic and environmental features; the clinical syndrome; treatment requirements.
		There is syndromic variability when compared with the north Queensland experience.
	www.mednemo.it /abstracts/avvelenamenti/2005/marzo/medline/230305poi.htm (1275 words)

	Medscape MEDLINE search: Cubozoa
		Irukandji Syndrome can be frightening for the patient and make care delivery difficult for the nurse.
		The administration of magnesium sulphate is a proposed novel therapy for Irukandji syndrome'.
		Cardiovascular actions of the venom from the Irukandji (Carukia barnesi) jellyfish: effects in human, rat and guinea-pig tissues in vitro and in pigs in vitro.
	search.medscape.com /uslclient/searchMedline.do?queryText=Cubozoa (801 words)

	Talk:irukandji - Wiktionary
		Phentolamine also reduces the excessive shaking and sweating that appears to be part of the "Irukandji syndrome".
		King is believed to have developed irukandji syndrome from the sting, causing a rapid rise in blood pressure and a cerebral hemorrhage.
		King's death came less than three months after British tourist Richard Jordan became the first person on record in Australia to die from irukandji syndrome after he was stung.
	en.wiktionary.org /wiki/Talk:irukandji (239 words)

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