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	Irving Langmuir Biography (1881-1957)
		Irving Langmuir was born in Brooklyn, New York, with an inherent interest inscience but eyesight so poor that he could not make out even the individual leaves on trees.
		Langmuir's work on light bulbs was but the first of a stream of successes.
		For example, Langmuir pioneered the study of plasma--the term he introduced to describe a complex, unstable mixture of ionized gases that exhibits unusual electrical and magnetic properties.
	www.madehow.com /inventorbios/17/Irving-Langmuir.html (860 words)

	Irving Langmuir
		Irving Langmuir was an American chemist and physicist.
		Langmuir then taught at Stevens Institute of Technology[?] in Hoboken, New Jersey, until 1909, when he began working at the General Electric research laboratory (Schenectady, New York).
		While at G.E., from 1909-1950, Langmuir advanced several basic fields of physics and chemistry, invented the gas filled incandescent lamp, the hydrogen welding technique, and was awarded the 1932 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work in surface chemistry.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ir/Irving_Langmuir.html (455 words)

	Irving Langmuir - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Irving Langmuir (January 31, 1881 in Brooklyn, New York - August 16, 1957 in Woods Hole, Massachusetts) was an American chemist and physicist.
		While at G.E., from 1909-1950, Langmuir advanced several basic fields of physics and chemistry, invented the gas-filled incandescent lamp, the hydrogen welding technique, and was awarded the 1932 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work in surface chemistry.
		Irving Langmuir was born in Brooklyn, New York on January 31, 1881.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Irving_Langmuir (998 words)

	Langmuir Scholars Program (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Irving Langmuir (1881-1957) was one of the most proficient and thoughtful research scientists of the 20th century.
		Langmuir, a Nobel laureate and avid outdoorsman, made a hobby of understanding the mechanism of natural phenomena (1).
		While Dr. Langmuir is most renowned for the quality and quantity of his research, his personal love for the environment was equally influential in defining his character.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/chemistry/ugrad/langmuir (452 words)

	Irving Langmuir Summary
		Langmuir, the third of four sons, was born on January 31, 1881, in Brooklyn, New York, to Charles Langmuir, an insurance executive of Scottish descent, and Sadie Comings Langmuir, the daughter of an anatomy professor and a descendant, on her mother's side of the family, of settlers who came to America on the Mayflower.
		Langmuir began to study the problem, and within four years, he found that the lamp's lifetime and efficiency could be improved greatly by filling the bulb with a mixture of inert gases (nitrogen and argon, for example) and by using a coiled filament.
		Irving Langmuir was born in Brooklyn, New York on January 31, 1881.
	www.bookrags.com /Irving_Langmuir (3296 words)

	Gilbert Newton Lewis and Irving Langmuir
		Langmuir concentrated on the basic principles on which the lamp operated, investigating the chemical reactions catalyzed by the hot tungsten filament.
		Irving Langmuir (left) with radio pioneer Guglielmo Marconi in the General Electric Research Laboratory in Schenectady, New York, in 1922.
		Langmuir proposed that octets could be filled by sharing pairs between two atoms—the "covalent" bond.
	www.chemheritage.org /classroom/chemach/chemsynthesis/lewis-langmuir.html (725 words)

	Irving Langmuir: A Living Legacy
		Irving Langmuir coined the term and helped create the field of plasma physics more than 60 years ago.
		Irving Langmuir was born in 1881 in Brooklyn.
		In his youth, Langmuir had suffered from vision problems and well remembered the first day he had put on a pair of glasses, looked at a tree, and saw the blob of green resolved itself into individual leaves.
	www.worldandischool.com /public/1990/june/school-resource17767.asp (558 words)

	Irving Langmuir - Wikipedia (Plasma-Universe.com)
		Irving Langmuir (January 31, 1881 in Brooklyn, New York - August 16, 1957 in Woods Hole, Massachusetts) was an American chemist and physicist.
		Irving Langmuir was born in Brooklyn, New York on January 31, 1881.
		Arthur helped Irving set up his first chemistry lab in the corner of his bedroom, and he was content to answer the myriad of questions that Irving would pose.
	www.plasma-universe.com /index.php/Irving_Langmuir (1063 words)

	Lighting A Revolution: Irving Langmuir
		Irving Langmuir received a Ph.D. in physical chemistry in 1906 from the University of Göttingen.
		Langmuir's goal was to find a way to keep tungsten lamps from "flening," or growing dim as the inside of the bulb became coated with evaporated tungsten.
		Langmuir found that if he put nitrogen into a lamp, he could slow evaporation of tungsten from the filament.
	americanhistory.si.edu /lighting/bios/langmuir.htm (347 words)

	Irving Langmuir Biography
		Irving Langmuir (January 31, 1881 in Brooklyn, New York - August 16, 1957 in Woods Hole, Massachusetts) was an American chemist and physicist.
		Langmuir then taught at Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken, New Jersey, until 1909, when he began working at the General Electric research laboratory (Schenectady, New York).
		While at G.E., from 1909-1950, Langmuir advanced several basic fields of physics and chemistry, invented the gas filled incandescent lamp, the hydrogen welding technique, and was awarded the 1932 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work in surface chemistry.
	www.biographybase.com /biography/Langmuir_Irving.html (472 words)

	Lighting A Revolution: Irving Langmuir (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Irving Langmuir received a Ph.D. in physical chemistry in 1906 from the University of Göttingen.
		Langmuir's goal was to find a way to keep tungsten lamps from "flening," or growing dim as the inside of the bulb became coated with evaporated tungsten.
		Langmuir found that if he put nitrogen into a lamp, he could slow evaporation of tungsten from the filament.
	www.americanhistory.si.edu /lighting/bios/langmuir.htm (347 words)

	IRVING LANGMUIR
		Langmuir was among the first to work with 'plasmas'the swarming aggregations of ionized gas that possess unusual electrical and magnetic properties.
		Langmuir's accomplishments also include the introduction of the concept of electron temperature and of course, the invention of a device to measure it, the thermionic probe.
		Langmuir was fascinated with surface chemistry and it was for his efforts in this area that he became the first non-academic chemist to receive the Nobel Prize.
	www.woodrow.org /teachers/chemistry/institutes/1992/Langmuir.html (1605 words)

	Coalition for Plasma Science - What is a plasma?
		Irving Langmuir, a researcher working to understand electric discharges, was the first to use the term in this way.
		During the 1920's Irving Langmuir was studying various types of mercury-vapor discharges, and he noticed similarities in their structure - near the boundaries as well as in the main body of the discharge.
		One version [2] of the story has it that the similarity was in carrying particles, while another account [3] speculated that it was in the Greek origin of the term, meaning "to mold," since the glowing discharge usually molded itself to the shape of its container.
	www.plasmacoalition.org /what.htm (650 words)

	Invent Now \| Hall of Fame \| Search \| Inventor Profile
		Irving Langmuir's work led to two major inventions: the high-vacuum electron tube and the gas-filled incandescent lamp.
		Langmuir was responsible for many basic scientific discoveries which played a fundamental role in the development of commercial electrical products as well as in military and general scientific areas.
		In World War II, Langmuir was one of the key advisers in the national defense and wartime scientific research programs, contributing to the development of radar for use by the British and United States armed forces.
	www.invent.org /hall_of_fame/92.html (296 words)

	Irving Langmuir...SciPeeps.com
		During his childhood Langmuir's parents actively encouraged him to carefully observe nature and to keep a detailed recorded of his various observations.
		When Irving was eleven is was discovered that he had rather poor eyesight, when this problem was corrected details and observations that had previously elude him now were revealed.
		Arthur helped Irving set up his first chemistry lab in the corner of his bedroom and he was always there to answer the myriad of questions that Irving would pose to him (which most of the time were on rather trivial matters).
	www.scipeeps.com /irvinglangmuir.html (650 words)

	Irving Langmuir: A Living Legacy - George Wise
		Irving Langmuir coined the term and helped create the field of plasma physics more than 60 years ago.
		A physiologist publishes a book in 1989 describing the evolution of man's understanding of cell membranes: Langmuir's work on surface chemistry, for which he won the 1932 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, is a central episode in the story.
		Irving Langmuir was born in 1881 in Brooklyn.
	www.worldandi.com /specialreport/1990/june/Sa17767.htm (325 words)

	Irving Langmuir information - Search.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		When Irving was eleven, it was discovered that he had rather poor eyesight.
		He was one of the first scientists to work with plasmas and was the first to call these ionized gases by that name, because they reminded him of blood plasma Ref.
		In 1938, Langmuir refuted the claim of entomologist Charles H. Townsend that the deer botfly flew at speeds in excess of 800 miles per hour.
	c10-ss-1-lb.cnet.com /reference/Irving_Langmuir (883 words)

	Gilbert Newton Lewis and Irving Langmuir (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Langmuir concentrated on the basic principles on which the lamp operated, investigating the chemical reactions catalyzed by the hot tungsten filament.
		Langmuir proposed that octets could be filled by sharing pairs between two atoms—the "covalent" bond.
		Irving Langmuir - biography from the Nobel e-Museum.
	www.jergym.hiedu.cz /~canovm/ph/vedci/le.htm (766 words)

	Annotated Bibliography
		Langmuir's evidence was a seven-day periodicity found in meteorological records in the Ohio River Valley, the Wabash River Valley, as well as in New England.
		Langmuir had earlier said that AgI release by Vonnegut in New Mexico had caused rain in Kansas, and General Electric was releasing AgI in New Mexico during June and July 1951.
		Langmuir's controversial and fantastic claims are now only a small detail in the history of science and technology, which is why I have written about them in a separate essay from my other essays on the law and technology of weather modification.
	www.rbs2.com /w3.htm (1204 words)

	Irving Langmuir
		Langmuir Laboratory is named in honor of a man whose scientific and technical activities spanned many fields.
		In 1975, Kenneth Langmuir, son of Irving and Marian Langmuir, generously bequeathed the residue of his estate to the Irving Langmuir Laboratory for Atmospheric Research.
		To encourage emulations of Dr. Langmuir's vigorous approach to research at an Institute where the fields of study span many of his own, the Langmuir Award for Excellence in Research has been established as an annual event by the Institute committee operating Langmuir Laboratory.
	www.ee.nmt.edu /~langmuir/langmuir.html (403 words)

	physics
		Langmuir worked for the General Electric Co., studying electronic devices based on ionized gases, and the way the electrified fluid carried high velocity electrons, ions and impurities reminded him of the way blood plasma carried red and white corpuscles and germs
		Irving Langmuir's is credited with two important inventions: the high-vacuum electron tube and the gas-filled incandescent lamp.
		Langmuir was born in Brooklyn, New York, and educated in New York and Paris, France.
	www.resonancepub.com /physics.htm (1968 words)

	Irving Langmuir - Biography
		Irving Langmuir was born in Brooklyn, New York, on January 31, 1881, as the third of four sons of Charles Langmuir and Sadie, neé Comings.
		Langmuir's studies embraced chemistry, physics, and engineering and were largely the outgrowth of studies of vacuum phenomena.
		Langmuir's work on space charge effects and related phenomena led to many important technical developments which have had a profound effect on later technology.
	nobelprize.org /nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1932/langmuir-bio.html (477 words)

	langmuir circulation
		These streaks are due to Langmuir circulation, which is generated by a continuous wind in relatively calm seas.
		This type of circulation was first recognized in 1938 by Irving Langmuir, who observed such patterns of debris on the surface of the sea in the North Atlantic.
		Langmuir cells can be from several meters to many kilometers in length, and they typically do not reach over about six meters in depth.
	faculty.gvsu.edu /videticp/langmuir.htm (257 words)

	AllRefer.com - Irving Langmuir (Chemistry, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Irving Langmuir[lang´myOOr] Pronunciation Key, 1881–1957, American chemist, b.
		Brooklyn, N.Y. Associated (1909–50) with the research laboratory of the General Electric Company, he introduced atomic-hydrogen welding, invented a gas-filled tungsten lamp, and by his work on the high vacuum contributed greatly to the development of the radio vacuum tube.
		It was Langmuir who discovered that the introduction of particles of dry ice and iodide into a cloud of low temperature containing sufficient moisture in tiny droplets triggered a chain reaction producing rain or snow, depending on the condition of the weather.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/L/Langmuir.html (283 words)

	I. Langmuir's Ball Lightning Tube
		Then through a momentary interruption of current, the arc gains life and tears itself away from the tube with the writhing motion of a snake, while from a tungsten filament at the base of the tube melted tungsten is sputtered and (Continued on page 255) (cont) bright blue flashes are sent up the vertical stem.
		And yet at first glance the apparatus in which these curious phenomena take place seems to differ only in shape from the ordinary two-electrode vacuum tube, and essentially is similar to the argon-filled tungar rectifying bulb.
		The ions of a highly ionized gas, such as the electrified atmosphere, recombine on solid particles forming small spheres, the solid particles being retained within the ball by their charges and the electric field being retained at the surface of the ball.
	www.amasci.com /freenrg/balllg1.html (1856 words)

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