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Topic: Isaac Abravanel

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	Abravanel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Isaac, the son of Judah, returned to Castile, where he lived till the time of the great expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492.
		Isaac Abravanel, son of Joseph Abravanel, grandson of the Bible-commentator.
		Samuel Abravanel, youngest son of Isaac Abravanel, and grandson of Judah; was born in 1473, at Lisbon.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Abravanel (784 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - ABRAVANEL, ABARBANEL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Abravanel, who had himself taken part in the politics of the great powers of the day, rightly perceived that mere consideration of the literary elements of Scripture was insufficient, and that the political and social life of the people must also be taken into account.
		These apologetic works of Abravanel were widely read by his coreligionists, as is evidenced by their frequent republication, and they contributed undoubtedly to the reassurance of many of his brethren as to a better future for Israel.
		Youngest son of Isaac Abravanel, and grandson of Judah; was born in 1473, at Lisbon.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=631&letter=A (2477 words)

	Isaac Abrabanel -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The (additional info and facts about Abravanel) Abravanel family (also Abarbanel and Abrabanel) is one of the oldest and most distinguished (additional info and facts about Jewish) Jewish Spanish families; they trace their origin from the biblical (additional info and facts about King David) King David.
		Abravanel was a pupil of Joseph Hayyim, rabbi of Lisbon.
		Abravanel felt deeply the hopelessness and despair which possessed his brethren in the years following their expulsion from Spain, and set himself, therefore, to champion the Messianic belief and to strengthen it among his desponding brethren.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/i/is/isaac_abrabanel.htm (1198 words)

	Isaac ben Judah Abravanel Biography / Biography of Isaac ben Judah Abravanel Biography
		The Jewish philosopher and statesman Isaac ben Judah Abravanel (1437-1508), or Abarbanel, is noted for his biblical commentaries and for his attempt to prevent the expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492.
		Isaac Abravanel, a descendant of an old and distinguished Spanish family, was born in Lisbon, Portugal.
		In 1490 Abravanel was appointed treasurer to the Spanish monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-isaac-ben-judah-abravanel (582 words)

	AllRefer.com - Isaac Abravanel (Judaism, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Isaac Abravanel[ubrA´vunel, –bArbu–] Pronunciation Key, 1437–1508, Jewish theologian, biblical commentator, and financier, b.
		Abravanel attacked the use (by Maimonides) of philosophical allegory, which he believed weakened the faith of many and thus tended to undermine the Jewish community in a precarious time.
		In his analyses of the Messianic prophecies he specifically denied Christian claims of Jesus as the Messiah (a dangerous position to take at that time), and looked to an impending Messianic age in which the Dispersion would end with Israel's return to the Holy Land and the reign of Messianic rule for all humanity.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/A/Abravan-I.html (287 words)

	Isaack Abrabanel more
		King Catholiques appealed to him and, in seven years, Abravanel, financial agent of the queen and the spokesman (spokeswoman) of the Jewish community with the yard, had soon reconquerred in Spain a position of fortune and influence equivalent to the one of which he'd formerly enjoyed with Alphonse V Portugal.
		Abravanel, once again, quickly reconstituted an immense fortune and, at the end of two years, it appeared among the most important persons of the yard.
		So, hardly arrived, Abravanel subjected to the council of 'Ten', one plan on the business of spices: this one was immediately approved, and Abravanel met himself in the cur of the negotiations with the Portuguese.
	www.maurice-abravanel.com /isaack_abrabanel_more.html (952 words)

	Abravanel Judah: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		Philosophically, Abravanel was influenced by the scholars of the Platonic Academy of Florence, most notably Marsilio Ficino and Giovanni Pico della Mirandola; in addition, there are clear indications of philosophical influence from Maimonides and Ibn Gabirol.
		ABRAVANEL, JUDAH c.1460 c.1523, Jewish philosopher, physician, and poet, son of Isaac Abravanel, b.
		Philosophically, Abravanel was influenced by the scholars of the...
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/abravanel-judah.jsp?l=A&p=1 (930 words)

	Isaac Abrabanel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Don Isaac ben Judah or Yitzchak ben Yehuda Abravanel was a Jewish statesman, philosopher, Bible commentator, and financier.
		After the death of Alfonso he was obliged to relinquish his office, having been accused by King John II of connivance with the Duke of Braganza, who had been executed on the charge of conspiracy.
		His conception of Judaism, opposed to that of Maimonides and his school, was rooted in a firm conviction of God's revelation in history, and particularly in the history of the Jews as a chosen people.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/I/Isaac-Abrabanel.htm (1365 words)

	Abravanel, Isaac History Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Isaac resided in Corfu until 1496; then moved to Monopoli (Apulia), and in 1503 settled in Venice, where he spent the last years of his life.
		Isaac was motivated by the fear that this kind of sophisticated Jewish thought, given the threats to Jewish survival present in the exile, would undermine the faith of the simple Jew.
		The Influence of the Catholic Theologian Alfonso Tostado on the Pentateuch Commentary of Isaac Abravanel.
	www.bookrags.com /history/religion/abravanel-isaac-eorl-01 (902 words)

	Commentary Magazine - Don Isaac Abravanel-Statesman and Philosopher, by B. Netanyahu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		...He recognizes Abravanel's yearning for the retribution that the Messiah would exact as a natural response to the incredible tortures to which Jewish people were subjected in his time, but he fails to indicate how this hope was, in the early Middle Ages, still relatively free from the taint of vengeance...
		...Abravanel was not at all a "mystic," in the psychological sense of this term...
		...Abravanel's thinking paralleled that of Erame to the point where the latter's son accused the former of plagiarism...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V17I2P105-1.htm (1288 words)

	Adventures in Philosophy: A Brief History of Jewish Philosophy
		Isaac Abravanel was a Spanish Sephardic Jew who was in the court of Alfonso V, King of Portugal, but had to flee, at great loss of personal fortune, when a new ruler ascended the throne.
		Judah Abravanel, physician and philosopher, was born in Lisbon, Portugal.
		Abravanel maintained that true happiness is the "union of the human intellect with the Divine intelligence," and that it is directly connected to aesthetic enjoyment.
	radicalacademy.com /adiphiljewish3.htm (2039 words)

	Personality of the Week - Abarbanel
		After the issuing of the decree of expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492, Abravanel was the spokesman for the Jewish community, pleading unsuccessfully before the Catholic Monarchs for its revocation.
		Abravanel was the author of a discursive, often philosophical, commentary on the Bible.
		Isaac Abravanel on miracles, creation, prophecy, and evil: the tension between medieval Jewish philosophy and biblical commentary.
	www.bh.org.il /NAMES/POW/Abarbanel.asp (230 words)

	Abravanel's Response to the Alhambra Decree - Wikpedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Alhambra Decree, issued in 1492, ordered the expulsion or conversion of the Jewish population of Spain, leading to the dispersal of the Sephardim throughout the Maghreb, the Middle East and south-eastern Europe.
		While most of the Jewish population took the Decree in stride, it was opposed eloquently and vociferously by Don Isaac Abravanel, who likely would have succeeded in his efforts to get the Crown to annul it, had it not been for the last-minute intervention by the Inquisition.
		As a consequence of Abravanel's response and curse against Spain, it was considered a violation of Jewish law for any Jew to live within Spain.
	www.bostoncoop.net /~tpryor/wiki/index.php?title=Abravanel's_Response_to_the_Alhambra_Decree (1628 words)

	Defender of Liberty
		Abravanel was not content merely to profess his own opinions on the subject; as a learned Jewish scholar, he was determined to prove that the Bible itself advocated a democratic republican model.
		In fact, Abravanel's interpretation of the Torah's council structure was more democratic than the ones that existed in Venice, since his were all to be elected by popular vote, whereas in Venice, the highest consiglio was comprised of hereditary aristocrats, who had the prerogative of appointing the members of the lower bodies.
		Abravanel read the text of Deuteronomy 16:18 Judges and officers shalt thou make thee in all thy gates as a directive to the rank and file of the Hebrew tribes to choose their own judges, at least for the lower courts, thereby removing the king entirely from the process.
	www.ucalgary.ca /~elsegal/Shokel/050224_Abravanel.html (1618 words)

	JewishGates.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Isaac ben Judah Abravanel was born in Lisbon, Portugal in 1437.
		However, with the accession of John II in 1481, anti-Jewish sentiments in the church and the legislature which were suppressed during the reign of his father found a sounding board.
		Abravanel accepted the job, not only because finance was his field of expertise, but also because he felt that such a close relationship with Ferdinand might prove useful in protecting the Jews from Torquemada.
	www.jewishgates.com /file.asp?File_ID=204 (759 words)

	Review of Alfredo Fabio Borodowski, Isaac Abravanel on Miracles, Creation, Prophecy and Evil
		Abravanel, who does view miracles as sharing in the essential nature of the original creation, rejects their predetermined nature, seeing contingency as an essential attribute of miracles.
		For Abravanel, Borodowski concludes, “Moses’ superiority with respect to miracles belongs to a type logically and causally independent from his superiority in prophecy.… [It] is the logical result of the historical circumstances in combination with prophetic readiness” (206).
		I cannot speak for specialists in the field, but I found his conclusions plausible: 1 Abravanel wrote his exegesis for the philosophically informed reader; 2 in the Middle Ages, philosophy and exegesis were inseparable; 3 “the usual view of Abravanel as an unoriginal exegete whose contribution is limited to the politico-historical arena is untenable” (217).
	www.arts.ualberta.ca /JHS/reviews/review179.htm (930 words)

	Abravanel
		Abravanel's ostensible aim in writing Rosh Amanah was to defend Maimonides' creed from the attacks of its critics, notably Hasdai Crescas and Joseph Albo, and it contains the most exhaustive and systematic analysis of the thirteen principles ever written.
		After twenty-two chapters of sustained and zealous defence of Maimonides, however, Abravanel seems to contradict himself and argues at the end of his book that in fact Judaism has no dogmas whatsoever, since all its beliefs are equally valid, fundamental, and precious.
		Menachem Kellner is Sir Isaac and Lady Edith Wolfson Professor of Jewish Religious Thought at the University of Haifa.
	www.littman.co.uk /cat/abravanel.html (331 words)

	Abravanel biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Abravanel family (also Abarbanel or Abrabanel) is one of the oldest and most distinguished Jewish Spanish families; they trace their origin from the biblical King David.
		Judah Abravanel, a receiver of customs at Seville, Spain, in 1310.
		He was raised in Lausanne, Switzerland and after emigrating to the US, became the conductor of the Utah Symphony Orchestra.
	abrabanel.biography.ms (667 words)

	Isaac Abravanel
		Abravanel or Abarbanel, Isaac, 1437–1508, Jewish theologian, biblical commentator, and financier, b.
		Judah Abravanel - Abravanel or Abarbanel, Judah, c.1460–c.1523, Jewish philosopher, physician, and poet, son of...
		Isaac Abravanel on Miracles, Creation, Prophecy, and Evil: The Tension Between Medieval Jewish Philosophy and Biblical Commentary.(Judaism: Jewish Thought and Philosophy) (Shofar)
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0802204.html (293 words)

	Directory - Society: Philosophy: Philosophers: A: Abravanel, Isaac
		Biography: Isaac Abrabanel · Concise summary of his life, from the Jewish Theological Seminary.
		Don Isaac Abravanel · cached · Detailed information on the careers of this Jewish scholar and his son, from Maurice Abravanel.
		Isaac ben Judah Abravanel: Statesman, Financier, and Biblical Commentator · cached · Biographical article from JewishGates.com.
	www.incywincy.com /default?p=1170044 (123 words)

	B. Judah Abravanel, Poem to His Son (1503)
		After the 1492 Edict of Expulsion in Castile, however, the infant Isaac was sent to live with relatives in Portugal for safety, while his father and grandfather later fled to Italy.
		This letter was written to Isaac while Judah was serving as a doctor to the Spanish viceroy in Naples, and it may have been prompted by the expectation of bringing Isaac to Italy.
		Isaac may have left Portugal in 1507, when Marranos were given permission to leave the country, and a Jew bearing his name turned up in Salonica in 1558.
	www.sephardicstudies.org /apoem.html (1480 words)

	Abravanel, Isaac - A - Philosophers - Philosophy - Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Biography: Isaac Abrabanel - Concise summary of his life, from the Jewish Theological Seminary.
		Don Isaac Abravanel - Detailed information on the careers of this Jewish scholar and his son, from Maurice Abravanel.
		Isaac ben Judah Abravanel: Statesman, Financier, and Biblical Commentator - Biographical article from JewishGates.com.
	www.netz-in-berlin.de /Society/Philosophy/Philosophers/A/Abravanel,_Isaac (242 words)

	don Isaac
		on Isaac Abravanel, was a Jewish theologian, biblical commentator, and financier, b.
		Don Abravanel attacked the use (by Maimonides) of philosophical allegory, which he believed weakened the faith of many and thus tended to undermine the Jewish community in a precarious time.
		He looked to an impending messianic age in which the Dispersion would end with Israel's return to the Holy Land and the reign of messianic rule for all humanity.
	www.maurice-abravanel.com /don_isaac_de_abravanel_.html (175 words)

	Don Isaac Abravanel: Statesman And Philosopher (Revised); Author: Netanyahu, B.; Paperback (C Format)
		Statesman, diplomat, courtier, and financier, he was, at the same time, a scholar of encyclopedic learning, a philosopher, an exegete, a prolific author, a mystic, and an apocalyptist.
		In Abravanel, B. Netanyahu suggests, two long lines of tradition met and concluded: that of medieval Jewish statesmen and that of medieval Jewish philosophers.
		In what is both a biography arid an exploration of Abravanel's thought and influence, Netanyahu describes how Abravanel illuminated the grave crisis and profound transformation experienced by the Jewish people after the Spanish expulsion.Don Isaac Abravanel (1437-1508) was a major historical figure during the waning of the Middle Ages.
	www.netstoreusa.com /stbooks/080/0801484855.shtml (304 words)

	☞ Internet guide - Society - Philosophy - Philosophers - A - Abravanel, Isaac (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Detailed information on the careers of this Jewish scholar and his son, from Maurice Abravanel.
		English-language text of the infamous 1492 edict expelling the Jews from Spain, and Isaac Abrabanel's reply.
		Isaac ben Judah Abravanel: Statesman, Financier, and Biblical Commentator
	www.guide.vang.net /Guide/Society/Philosophy/Philosophers/A/Abravanel,_Isaac (153 words)

	Edict Response by Isaac Abravanel
		Hear, O heavens, and give ear, King and Queen of Spain, for I, Don Isaac Abravanel, speak unto you.
		If the royals really had "persecution" in mind, they would have simply arrested and executed Isaac Abravanel and his entire family -- but they didn't).
		Thanks, Isaac Abravanel and your followers, to whatever extent your speech has been enhanced by other Jews over time, for providing us with these admissions.
	www.jrbooksonline.com /edict_resp_by_isaac_abravanel.htm (1593 words)

	Jewish-American Hall of Fame -- Virtual Tour
		Showing his allegiance to his former co-religionists, Luis de Santangel made substantial contributions toward the hiring of ships that enabled them to leave when they were expelled en mass from Spain.
		Another of Columbus’ stalwart friends was Don Isaac Abravanel, who had remained stalwart to his religion and who was one of the most distinguished biblical scholars, philosophers and statesmen of the period.
		since Abravanel was also expelled from Spain, in spite of his high position in the court of Ferdinand and Isabella.
	www.amuseum.org /jahf/virtour (642 words)

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