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Topic: Isaac Comnenus of Cyprus

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	Isaac Comnenus of Cyprus
		Isaac Comnenos was the last ruler of Cyprus before the Frankish conquest during the Third Crusade.
		Emperor Manuel made Isaac governor of Isauria and the town of Tarsus in present-day eastern Turkey, where he started a war with the Armenians and was imprisoned by them.
		Andronicos was afraid that Isaac would try to usurp the throne, as a water-oracle conducted by the courtier Stephanos Hagiochristophorites had given I (iota) as the initial of the next Emperor.
	publicliterature.org /en/wikipedia/i/is/isaac_comnenus_of_cyprus.html (653 words)

	Cyprus - Cunnan
		Cyprus is an island in the Eastern Mediterranean.
		In 1185 Isaac Comnenus, then governor, and himself a scion of a minor Byzantine royal line, rose in rebellion and tried to seize the throne by having himself declared Emperor by a pet Patriarch.
		The Turks (wisely) gave land in Cyprus to their soldiers, on the condition that they settled there, whilst establishing local self-government for the Greek and Orthodox communities, and the isle of Aphrodite achieved a degree of peace for the rest of the medieval period.
	cunnan.sca.org.au /wiki/Cyprus (469 words)

	North Cyprus Biz - North Cyprus Information
		Cyprus was briefly ceded back to Cleopatra VII of Egypt by Julius Caesar, and this status was confirmed by Mark Antony, but after the victory of Caesar's heir, Octavian (subsequently the emperor Augustus), over Mark Antony and Cleopatra at Actium in 31 BC it became a Roman possession again.
		Isaac resisted attacks from the Byzantine emperors Andronicus I Comnenus and Isaac II Angelus, but in 1191, on engaging in hostilities with an English crusader fleet under King Richard the Lion-Heart, he was defeated and imprisoned.
		Cyprus became a republic on August 16, 1960, and was admitted as a member of the United Nations.
	www.northcyprus.biz /north_cyprus_history.asp (6414 words)

	Cyprus - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Cyprus is geographically in Western Asia (or the Near East), though politically and culturally it is considered as being in Europe.
		Cyprus was originally settled in prehistory from the Levant.
		Cyprus was placed under British control on 4 June 1878 as a result of the Cyprus Convention, which granted control of the island to Britain in return for British support of the Ottoman Empire in the Russian-Turkish War.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/c/y/p/Cyprus.html (3703 words)

	Cyprus in the Middle Ages
		The cities of Cyprus were destroyed by two successive earthquakes in 332 and 342 AD and this marked the end of an era and at the same time the beginning of a new one, very much connected with modern life in Cyprus.
		For the next 300 years, Cyprus was ruled jointly by both the Arabs and the Byzantines as a condominium, despite the nearly constant warfare between the two parties on the mainland and the collected taxes were divided among the Arabs and the Emperor.
		Comnenus was bound to lend aid to Richard in his crusade against Saladin, an oath which he later broke, and Richard had him bound in silver chains (as he swore not to bind Comnenus in iron).
	www.mlahanas.de /Cyprus/History/CyprusMiddleAges.html (3468 words)

	Cyprus History
		Cyprus has a rich cultural heritage, which is evident from the vast number of ancient monuments and sites, castles and forts around the island.
		Isaac Comnenus, self proclaimed 'Emperor' of Cyprus, behaves discourteously to survivors of shipwreck involving ships of Richard's fleet on their way to the Third Crusade.
		Cyprus is ruled on the feudal system and the Catholic Church officially replaces the Greek Orthodox, which though under severe suppression manages to survive.
	www.gmgcyprustravel.com /Cyprus_History.htm (1679 words)

	Cyprus History: Historical Landmarks
		The island was populated by the Greeks of Ionia (west coast of Anatolia) with whom the Greeks of Cyprus forged closer ties.
		Cyprus became the first country in the world to be governed by a Christian ruler.
		The president of Cyprus Makarios was replaced by the EOKA member Nikos Giorgiades Sampson, and Bishop Gennadios as head of the Cypriot Orthodox Church.
	www.turkishcyprus.com /about-trnc-cyprus-history.html (1122 words)

	Cyprus
		The Republic of Cyprus is the internationally recognised government of the island, and it controls the southern two-thirds of the island.
		Cyprus was placed under British control on July 12, 1878 due to the proceedings at the Congress of Berlin.
		The Turks proceeded and the military invasion of Turkish forces (claiming their authority was as one of the 3 international guarantors of Cyprus), 195,000 majority Greek Cypriots were forcibly expelled from the north and 55,000 Turkish Cypriots from the south were similarly forced to the north.
	creekin.net /n50-cyprus.html (1995 words)

	Isaac II
		Isaac II A descendant of Alexius I, Isaac was chosen as emperor on the death by mob of
		The usurpation in Cyprus of Isaac Comnenus was defeated not by the Byzantines, but by Richard I of England, who kept the island for himself.
		In a curious postscript, Isaac was briefly restored to his throne, along with his son, Alexius IV, in 1203, in the face of the invading crusaders who were about to capture Constantinople.
	www.budgetromans.com /Byzantines/Isaac_II/isaac_ii.html (172 words)

	Meteoroloo.com :: Cyprus - properties for sale in cyprus
		The influence north cyprus yellow pages of the Mycenæan culture of Greece seems to have reached the island around 1600 B.C., when local copies of Mycenæan pottery were produced, although some scholars argue that this was the result of trade and that Mycenæan settlement did not begin in earnest for another four hundred years.
		Cyprus car hire in cyprus became part of the Byzantine properties for rent cyprus Empire after the partitioning of the Roman Empire in 395, and remained so for almost 900 years.
		Economic affairs in Cyprus are dominated properties for cyprus mail rent in cyprus by the division of the country cyprus maps into the southern (Greek) area controlled by the Cyprus Government and the northern Turkish Cypriot-administered area.
	www.meteoroloo.com /Met-countries-a-b/Cyprus.html (3774 words)

	Roman Emperors DIR Andronikos I Komnenos Andronicus I Comnenus
		Alexius Comnenus, who was the nephew of Manuel and his cup-bearer (a different Alexius Comnenus from the one whose régime Andronicus had overthrown), was banished by Andronicus to live among the Cumans.
		Andronicus assumed that Isaac Comnenus, despot of Cyprus, was meant by this, and heaped scorn on his judge of the velum John Apotyras for even thinking that Isaac Angelus could be the one intended (Andronicus considering Isaac Angelus as somewhat effeminate).
		Isaac was somewhat bemused at these happenings, even when the crown of Constantine was set on his head by one of the sacristans of the Great Church.
	www.roman-emperors.org /andycomn.htm (4161 words)

	[No title]
		Comnenus gave in and swore allegiance to Richard, but promptly went on the run until captured by Guy de Lusignan at Cape Andreas in the Karpas.
		Richard stripped Cyprus of its wealth and set sail for Acre in June that year leaving a garrison on the island.
		The Lusignan dynasty never recovered, and while James II managed to oust the Genoese, his marriage to Caterina Cornaro of Venice was to spell the end of the dynasty.
	www.northcyprusvillas.com /History/Lusignan.htm (513 words)

	Isaac Comnenus (of Cyprus) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Another high-ranking Comnenus, this Isaac was Manuel I's grand-nephew.
		He was finally deposed, unexpectedly, by the army under the command of Richard the Lionheart of the Third Crusade while en route with his fleet to Jerusalem.
		For whatever reason Richard had ordered the temporary detour and invaded the island probably only because he calculated that it would be a relatively minor effort that would not detract too long from his primary mission.
	www.dirtyoldcoins.com /gandinga/id/isaac.htm (140 words)

	WorldNetDaily: Cyprus: A land divided
		Cyprus was settled between 1050-325 B.C. by the Greeks, who built up a Western culture in the face of seemingly never-ending invasions by the Phoenicians, Assyrians, Egyptians and Persians.
		At the dawn of the 21st century, both the Cypriots and the Turks in northern Cyprus are being pressured by the United Nations, European Union and the U.S. to form a singular, quasi-united Cyprus in the form of a confederation.
		The island of Cyprus is extremely important to the British, as evidenced by their three major military installations on the island.
	www.worldnetdaily.com /news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=22231 (2191 words)

	St. Hilarion Castle - Kyrenia, North Cyprus
		Hilarion was next invested but resisted vigorously until Isaac ordered its surrender; whereupon Isaac's daughter was placed in the castle to prevent her being recaptured by his supporters.
		It was organized for defense in 1228, when the Hohenstaufen Emperor Frederick II, on his way to Palestine, landed at Limassol and demanded the regency of Cyprus during theminority of the young King Henry I, on the ground that the Lusignan had received their crown form the Emperor's father Henry VI in 1197.
		When the Venetians captured Cyprus in 1489, they relied on Kyrenia, Nicosia and Famagusta for the defence of the island and St. Hilarion was neglected and fell into oblivion.
	www.cypnet.co.uk /ncyprus/city/kyrenia/castle/sthilarion/index.html (2756 words)

	Roman Emperors DIR Isaac Comnenus, Emperor of Cyprus
		Roman Emperors DIR Isaac Comnenus, Emperor of Cyprus
		He was ransomed by the emperor Andronicus Comnenus (1183-1185) at the behest of Theodora, the emperor's mistress and Isaac's aunt.
		Thus having gained his freedom, Isaac appeared, in 1183 or 1184, in Cyprus, producing forged imperial letters and claiming to have been appointed the lawful governor of the island.
	www.roman-emperors.org /isaacc.htm (415 words)

	Chronology -- Years of Upheaval (1): 1180-1200
		Isaac II promptly concludes a treaty of alliance with Venice, whereby the Venetians agree to provide a fleet against the Normans in return for the restoration of the commercial privileges they enjoyed within the Empire prior to their expulsion by Manuel I in 1171.
		Isaac replaces Leontius as Patriarch with Dositheus, a Venetian who was a monk at the monastery of Stoudion before Isaac appointed him Patriarch of Jerusalem (February).
		Isaac suspects Andronicus Comnenos, the Governor of Thessaloniki (and grandson of Anna Comnena) and the former sebastokrator Alexius, bastard son of the Emperor Manuel, of plotting against him.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Post/411683 (5594 words)

	Cyprus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A large island located in the angle between Anatolia to the north, and the Levant to the east, Cyprus has always had an important place in eastern Mediterranean culture.
		Inportant both as a major source of copper, and as a strategic jump-off point to the Near East, the place has seen virtually every conqueror, colonizer, and explorer to have been involved in the Middle East, and it continues to this day to be a source of drama and tension.
		It was a mercantile center specializing in the Cypriote copper trade, and was a focus of the cult of Cybele and Her consort Atys.
	www.hostkingdom.net /Cyprus.html (834 words)

	**CYPRUS HISTORY**
		Isaac Comnenus, self proclaimed governor of Cyprus, is discourteous to survivors of a shipwreck involving ships of Richard I's fleet on their way to the Third Crusade.
		Cyprus is ruled on the feudal system and the Catholic church officially replaces the Greek Orthodox, although the latter manages to survive.
		Venetians see Cyprus as a last bastion against the Ottomans in the east Mediterranean, and fortify the island tearing down lovely buildings in Nicosia to bring the city into a tight encircled area defended by bastions and a moat which can still be seen today.
	www.kypros.org /Cyprus/history.html (1292 words)

	Cyprus Castles
		Kolossi and its castle are directly connected with a number of important events, which constitute various interesting folds of the agelong and stormy history of Cyprus.
		Isaac Comnenus was the Byzantine Governor of Cyprus who declared himself an independent ruler of Cyprus and would not assist Richard and the Crusaders
		The Castle of Kyrenia was captured by Guy de Lusignan and imprisoned the wife and daughter of Isaac who had sent them there believing that they would be safe.
	www.cypruscastles.com /kolossi.htm (375 words)

	Isaac Of Cyprus - Byzantine Coinage - WildWinds.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Isaac Of Cyprus - Byzantine Coinage - WildWinds.com
		Isaac Comnenus, Usurper in Cyprus, 1184-1191, Mint of Nicosa (?) billon aspron trachy, (3.74g) MTP OV The Virgin Mary enthroned, wearing nimbus, holding nimbate head of infant Christ facing left.
		Isaac of Cyprus, Æ tetarteron, (2.63g) Uncertain Cypriot Mint ''B'', EMMANÔHL Christ enthroned facing, wearing nimbus, and raising right hand in benediction, scroll in left hand, IC XC at sides.
	www.wildwinds.com /coins/byz/isaac_of_cyprus/i.html (226 words)

	North Cyprus History, Kibris Travel Services
		The Ruler of Cyprus, Isaac Comnenus, ill-treated the crusaders and Richard waged war against Isaac.
		Merchants flocked to Cyprus and Famagusta flourished and was regarded as the principal port of the Eastern Mediterranean.
		Cyprus became a full member of the EU on May 1st 2004 but was not acceptable as an island of halves.
	www.kibristravel.com /history.php (1194 words)

	History of North Cyprus - North Cyprus Villa
		The Turks subsequently gained control of 37% of the island's territory.Over 200,000 Cypriots were uprooted, with Greek Cypriots forced to flee from the Turkish-controlled north and Turkish Cypriots displaced from the south.
		1985 - The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Constitution was adopted.
		The Republic of Cyprus allowed passage across the part of Nicosia that it controls (as well as a few other selected crossing points), since the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus does not require a visa or leave entry stamps for such visits.
	www.north-cyprus-villa.com /north-cyprus-history.htm (1183 words)

	Buffavento Castle - Kyrenia, North Cyprus
		When Richard the Lion Heart conquered Cyprus in 1191, the Byzantine despot king of the island Isaac Comnenus is said to have fled there.
		Like the other castles of the island it is associated with a mysterious queen, who once ruled Cyprus, a story probably connected with the goddess Aphrodite.
		One of the popular stories about the castle is that during the reign of the Knight Templars a Byzantine princess noticed that the skin of her dog had begun to heal.
	www.cypnet.co.uk /ncyprus/city/kyrenia/castle/buffavento (301 words)

	HISTORY OF CYPRUS
		Remains of the oldest known settlement in Cyprus dating from this period can be seen in Chirokitia and Kalavassos (Tenta), off the Nicosia-Limassol road.
		In 688 Emperor Justinian II and Caliph al-Malik sign a treaty neutralizing Cyprus, but violations are reported, and the island is also attacked by pirates until 965 when Emperor Nicephoros Phocas expels Arabs from Asia Minor and Cyprus.
		When in 1963, the President of the Republic, Archbishop Makarios, proposed some amendments to facilitate the functioning of the state, the Turkish community responded with rebellion (Dec. 1963), the Turkish ministers withdrew from the Cabinet and the Turkish civil servants ceased attending their offices while Turkey threatened to invade Cyprus.
	www.kypros.org /CyprusPanel/cyprus/history.html (1270 words)

	Amazon.com: "Isaac Comnenus": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This was currently ruled by a rebel, Isaac Comnenus, who had good relations with the Crusader States.
		Indeed Isaac Angelus' unsuccessful attack on Isaac Comnenus in 1187 was seen...
		led by the former stratopedarch of the East Isaac Comnenus and the former duke of Antioch Catacalon Cecaumenus.
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Isaac-Comnenus (635 words)

	Isaac Komnenos of Cyprus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Isaac Komnenos or Comnenus (Greek: Ισαάκιος Κομνηνός, Isaakios Komnēnos), (c.
		Neither seems to have been very fit, as John was quite old, and Alexios had been blinded by order of Andronikos I. They landed in Cyprus, but Margaritone of Brindisi, a pirate in the service of King William II of Sicily (1166–1189) captured the ships after the troops had left them.
		The attempt failed, and they fled to Armenia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Isaac_Comnenus_of_Cyprus (1150 words)

	ASG group - Cyprus History
		The oldest known settlements in Cyprus date from the Neolithic period between 8200 and 3900 BC, in the later Chalcolithic Age a fertility cult develops and copper is discovered, the latter being exploited more extensively in the Bronze Age bringing wealth to Cyprus.
		It is during this period that Saints Paul and Barnabas visit Cyprus on their missionary journey, converting the Roman Proconsul Sergius Paulus to Christianity thus making Cyprus the first country to be governed by a Christian.
		The Turkish Cypriot community vote in favour of the plan which would allow them to join the EU with the rest of the island whilst the Greek Cypriots vote overwhelmingly against it believing that the settlement is unjust.
	www.asg.com.cy /nqcontent.cfm?a_id=450 (1390 words)

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