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Topic: Isabel II of Spain

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Charles III of Spain

Enlightenment Spain

Alfonso XII

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	Servant of God Queen Isabel the Catholic of Spain
		When Isabel was sworn in as Queen of Castile, she vowed, with her hand on the Bible, to be obedient to the commandments of Holy Church, to honor her prelates and ministers, and to defend the Church with all her strength.
		Isabel carried deep within her heart the need for the reconquest of Spain -- a conviction which she inherited from the Christian Kings who had staged an almost 800 year war to free Spain from the Moors who had previously invaded the already deeply Catholic country in the year 711.
		Isabel, therefore, proved in many diverse ways that her declared readiness to give her life for the Catholic Faith was not simply a pious phrase said in passing, but the deepest conviction at the center of her being.
	www.queenisabel.com /history-02.html (4199 words)

	Isabella II of Spain - QuickSeek Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Isabella II (October 10, 1830 – April 10, 1904), Isabel II in Spanish, was queen of Spain.
		She was born in Madrid, and was the eldest daughter of Ferdinand VII, king of Spain, and of his fourth wife, Maria Christina, a Neapolitan Bourbon and also the niece of Marie Antoinette.
		Isabella was induced to abdicate in Paris on June 25, 1870 in favour of her son, Alfonso XII, and the cause of the restoration was thus much furthered.
	isabellaiiofspain.quickseek.com (751 words)

	[No title]
		Under the rule of Isabel the II (1843-1868) Spain faced one of the most interesting and turbulent years of its history.
		Isabel tried to recover the military prestige that the Kingdom had until the battle of Trafalgar, in which the British wiped out its impressive armada.
		Despite her internal problems, Spain became again a colonial power, and backed by her naval might, by the end of the 1850´s the kingdom was participating in several overseas interventions and internal conflicts.
	members.lycos.co.uk /Juan39/THE_WAR_WITH_SPAIN.html (3226 words)

	Isabella II of Spain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Isabella II (October 10, 1830 – April 10, 1904), Isabel II in Spanish, was Queen regnant of Spain ("Queen of the Spains" officially from August 13, 1836, Isabella II the "queen of Castile, Leon, Aragon,...")
		She was born in Madrid, and was the eldest daughter of Ferdinand VII, king of Spain, and of his fourth wife, Maria Christina, a Neapolitan Bourbon and also the niece of Marie Antoinette.
		As Queen Isabella II was a Bourbon (a member of the old French royalty), it raised the possibility of a German sitting on the vacant Spanish throne, something the French under Napoleon III would never accept.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Isabella_II_of_Spain (902 words)

	Isabella Queen Of Spain -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain (Segovia 12 August 1566 – 1 December 1633) was Infanta of Spain, Archduchess of Austria and the joint sovereign of the Seventeen Provinces.
		Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain was born in Segovia on 12 August 1566 as the daughter of Phillip II of Spain and his third wife Elizabeth of Valois.
		Her father Phillip II of Spain was overjoyed over her birth and declared that he is more happy about her birth than the birth of a son.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/80/isabella-queen-of-spain.html (1302 words)

	Unequal Marriages in Spain: the Pragmática of 1776
		In 1814 the French were expelled from Spain and Ferdinand VII returned to the throne (the Cortes of Cadiz had recognized Carlos IV's abdication, but not that of Ferdinand VII); he immediately disowned the Cortes of Cadiz and, by a proclamation of May 4, 1814, annulled all of their decrees and promulgations.
		At Ferdinand VII's death in 1833 Isabel II was proclaimed, under the regency of her mother; immediately Carlos contested and a civil war ensued (1833-39).
		The crown of Spain is hereditary among the successors of SM Don Juan Carlos I, legitimate heir of the historical dynasty.
	www.heraldica.org /topics/royalty/pragmatica.htm (7060 words)

	The wick of the independentism in the Antilles
		During a short period of the reign of Isabel II of Spain, both islands were considered as Spanish provinces and were sending its representative to the Congress and to the Senate.
		This dissatisfaction is manifested in the revolution of 1868 that overthrew to Isabel II.
		Under the government of her substitute, the King Amadeo I of Spain was attempted to endow to Cuba and Puerto Rico of an autonomy statute that silenced the independent outbreaks.
	candamo.iespana.es /1898/ingles/ilamecha.htm (683 words)

	All About Spain: History
		Isabel and Ferdinand succeeded in uniting the whole country under their crown, and their effort to "re-christianize" Spain resulted in the Spanish Inquisition, when thousands of Jews and Moors who didn't want to convert to Christianism were expelled or killed.
		After Isabel died in 1504, her daughter Joan who was married with the German emperor's son Philip succeeded to the throne.
		Spain was prospering economically under the Habsburg crown thanks to the trade with its American colonies, but on the hand involved in wars with France, the Netherlands and England, culminating in the disastrous defeat of the "Invincible Armada" in 1588.
	www.red2000.com /spain/primer/hist.html (1071 words)

	Queen Isabella I
		She was the daughter of John II, King of Castile and his second wife, Isabella of Portugal.
		They knew that she would be the next ruler of Spain and King Henry knew that he could continue to rule.
		Her laws and the fair way she treated her citizens (with the exception of her horrible treatment of the Jewish citizens) enabled Spain to be at peace internally.
	www.ctspanish.com /legends/isabella1.htm (1864 words)

	Kings and Queens of Spain, Granada (Spain)
		Fernando was the son of King Juan II of Aragon.
		Isabel of Asturias was born in 1470 and died in 1498.
		Isabel became Queen of Castile in 1474 and Fernando was made co-ruler of the united kingdoms of Castile and Aragon.
	www.granadamap.com /kingsqueens.htm (830 words)

	The Periphery of Francia: Spain, Britain, Eastern Europe, & Scandinavia
		Spain was sometimes styled an "empire." Ferdinand I and Alfonso VII of Castile were sometimes styled "Emperor," but in Mediaeval Europe, the Popes regarded such a title as theirs to dispense, and no self-proclaimed emperors were going to get cooperation from the Church.
		Teobaldo II The marriage of Blanca of Navarre to Theobald of Champagne means that for a while the Counts of Champagne become the Kings of Navarre.
		Spain thus harmed, and shamed, itself with its intolerance, and wandered from the mainstream of modern development, but there it no doubt that its aesthetic and religious vision was powerful, autochthonous, and enduring.
	www.friesian.com /perifran.htm (11506 words)

	Spanish Royal Family
		Isabel's father King Fernando VII of Spain and Infante Francisco de Asis's father Infante Francisco de Paula of Spain (Duke of Cadiz) were brothers.
		Isabel was deposed and driven out of Spain following a revolution on 30 September 1868 and abdicated to her eldest son Alfonso on 25 June 1870.
		Prince Amedeo of Savoy (1 st Duke of Aosta) was the King of Spain from 16 November 1870 to 11 February 1873.
	www.btinternet.com /~allan_raymond/Spanish_Royal_Family.htm (1270 words)

	Isabella I. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		In 1469 she married Ferdinand of Aragón (later King Ferdinand II of Aragón and Ferdinand V of Castile).
		She also took over the administration of the holdings of the powerful religious military orders (by making Ferdinand their grand master) and established the Inquisition under royal control.
		She was a prime mover in the expulsion (1492) of the Jews from Spain, the conquest (1492) of Granada, and the forced conversion of the Moors.
	www.bartleby.com /65/is/Isabella1.html (356 words)

	R (4) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		queen's colour of the regiment of chasseurs isabel ii 1841-1844 (spain)
		regimental colour of regiment 'galicia' 1734 (spain)
		regimental colour of the 2nd battalion, 43rd regiment of infantry 'granada' 1847-1931 (spain)
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/k-r-4.htm (530 words)

	Isabella II of Spain Summary
		Born in Madrid on Oct. 10, 1830, Isabella was the daughter of Ferdinand VII of Spain and Maria Cristina of Naples.
		Isabella II (October 10, 1830 – April 10, 1904), Isabel II in Spanish, was queen of Spain ("Queen of the Spains" officially from August 13, 1836, hitherto the "queen of Castile, Leon, Aragon,...")
		As Queen Isabella II was a Bourbon (a member of the old French royalty), it raised the possibility of a German sitting on the vacant Spanish throne, something the French under Napoleon III would never accept.
	www.bookrags.com /Isabella_II_of_Spain (1311 words)

	Oneview
		Isabel II was overthrown and the Bourbon dynasty expelled from the throne.
		The deathblow to Spain's ability to keep her American colonies happened in 1820, when the troops, commanded by General Riego, prepared to go overseas, revolted in Cadiz (Spain) in favor of the Constitution of 1812, ending provisionally the absolutist regime.
		In the first case some modern historians in Spain have elaborated the theory that the Spanish government knew that the independence of Cuba was inexorable, but since the unilateral abandonment of Cuba could bring tensions in the army and the population, the loss had to be justified by being one through a military defeat.
	www.spanamwar.com /Spanishview.htm (4035 words)

	Amazon.com: Isabel: Jewel of Castilla, Spain, 1466 (The Royal Diaries): Books: Carolyn Meyer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Isabel strives to follow the instruction of her confessor (later the head of the brutal Spanish Inquisition) Tomás de Torquemada, but is spirited, not content with the answers she is given.
		Isabel's life is constantly at risk, caught in a war between her brothers, and it is her marriage to Fernando of Aragón that finally produces the beginnings of a unified España.
		I loved Isabele and found it interesting all the way.Isabel is brought up in a time when women must marry whoever is chosen for them, but Isabelle wants to marry her true love and have a happy life.
	www.amazon.com /Isabel-Jewel-Castilla-Spain-Diaries/dp/0439078059 (2069 words)

	The 19th Century. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The profound crisis of Spain had seriously undermined the Spanish American empire, because many of the American colonies claimed their independence in the first decades of the 19th century.
		The history of the rest of the 19th century was dominated by the dynastic dilemma produced by the death without male heir of Ferdinand VII.
		His daughter took the throne as Isabel II, but her uncle, the legendary Don Carlos, opposed her claim, thus giving rise to the first of the two Carlist Wars, which chiefly affected Navarre, the Basque Country and El Maestrazgo, the region which bestrides Castellon, Tarragona and Teruel.
	www.sispain.org /english/history/19th.html (431 words)

	THE GRADUATE CENTER, CUNY: Press Information
		From December 2 to January 15 the Art Gallery of the Graduate Center will present a rare--perhaps unique--window on the Spain of Queen Isabel II and the second half of the nineteenth century.
		Both Clifford and Laurent served Queen Isabel II of Spain as court photographers, although Welsh-born Clifford was active in Spain for only a dozen or so years, from 1850 until his untimely death in early 1863.
		Laurent was active in Spain for almost forty years during which the French-born entrepreneur mounted an ambitious, commercial photographic enterprise which produced tens of thousands of glass-plate negatives, postcards, and cartes de visite.
	web.gc.cuny.edu /arthistory/spain.htm (516 words)

	About Felipe II De HABSBURG (King of Spain)
		He resided alternately at Madrid which he made the capital of the kingdom and in villégiatures, the most famous of which is the Escorial, which he built in fulfillment of a vow made at the time of the battle of Saint Quentin.
		The Moriscoes of the ancient Kingdom of Granada had been conquered, but they remained the implacable enemies of their conquerors, from whom they were separated by religion, language, dress, and manners, and they plotted incessantly with the Mussulmans outside the country.
		Apparently Felipe II failed to grasp the situation, since he continued for two years more the war against Henry IV, but his fruitless efforts were finally terminated in 1595 by the absolution of Henry IV by Clement VIII.
	www.tudorplace.com.ar /aboutFelipeII.htm (1973 words)

	Carmen and Jim's Virtual Tour of Spain - Madrid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Spain is a large country, the second largest in Europe, with many interesting sights spread out through the entire country.
		In 1561, King Philip II decided to move the royal court from Toledo to Madrid due to its central, strategic position in his Kingdom.
		Plaza Mayor was commissioned by Philip II and work began in 1617 and was completed in two years.
	www.personal.psu.edu /staff/j/x/jxf17/spain2002/index.html (1990 words)

	Two Sicilies Succession, detailed examination of the dispute (Borbone-Due Sicilie disputa)
		Historians of the House of Bourbon, however, are united in the belief that every member of the House of Bourbon descended in the male line from Philip V of Spain and born of recognized marriages, enjoyed a right to the Spanish Throne.
		On May 18, 1833, Ferdinand II issued a formal protest against the repeal, declaring that all the descendants of Philip V had been guaranteed their right to the Spanish throne forever, a right that passed "according to the order and rank of their birth....
		The Infanta Doña Isabel had been heiress presumptive to the throne from her birth on December 20, 1851 and, as such, was created Princess of the Asturias on March 24, 1852, until the birth of her brother Alfonso (future Alfonso XII) on November 28, 1857.
	www.chivalricorders.org /royalty/bourbon/twosicilies/dispdetl.htm (3582 words)

	Isabel II, an early queen \| and in Spain
		She had to rule a country in one of the most unstable periods of the 19th century, which was characterised by the changes caused by the liberal revolution.
		Isabel II went into exile to France at the age of thirty eight.
		Pérez Gáldos interviewed her before she died and said: “Isabel lived in an everlasting childhood and the worst of her misfortunes was to have been born queen and have to rule a country, a hard task for such a tender hand”.
	www.spanishpromotions.com /ampliacion_noticia.php?id_noticia=139 (684 words)

	Isabel I
		Her marriage to Ferdinand II of Aragon began a thirty five year joint rule of a unified Spain by the Catholic Monarchs.
		Ferdinand and Isabella succeeded as joint sovereigns to the throne of Castile on the death of Isabella's half brother Henry IV in December of 1474.
		It was typical of Isabella's political vision that she agreed to finance the expedition of Christopher Columbus which brought the New World and wealth to Spain.
	departments.kings.edu /womens_history/isabel.html (1036 words)

	Isabella II. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		1830–1904, queen of Spain (1833–68), daughter of Ferdinand VII and of Maria Christina.
		Her uncle, Don Carlos, contested her succession under the Salic law, and thus the Carlist Wars began (see Carlists).
		Frequent rebellions culminated in 1868 in the insurrection led by Serrano and Juan Prim, and Isabella was deposed (see Spain).
	www.bartleby.com /65/is/Isabella2.html (245 words)

	Stamps tell Baguio's history ... - Jul. 21, 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Queen Isabel II of Spain was the daughter of Ferdinand VII of Spain with his fourth wife Maria Cristina of Naples, not the daughter of King John II with his second wife Isabel of Portugal.)
		One of them was Queen Isabela II, the daughter of King John II by his second wife, Isabel of Portugal.
		Another stamp was issued on May 28, 1995 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the liberation of Baguio, which, according to the book, would have not been possible without the sacrifices, heroism and patriotism of Igorots and ethnic Chinese both.
	www.inq7.net /reg/2004/jul/21/text/reg_5-1-p.htm (1089 words)

	Spain - History - RULERS OF SPAIN
		Isabel I of Castile and Fernando V (Fernando II of Aragón)
		Fernando II of Aragón (Fernando V of Castille)
		Alfonso XIII inherited throne with Regency of Maria Cristina
	www.spain-madrid.com /general/history-rulers.htm (47 words)

	Genealogy of the Royal Family of Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		King of Spain and the Indies, November 1st, 1700 (abdicated in favor of his son Luís: January 15th, 1724; resumed the throne: September 6th, 1724); King of Naples and Sicily (as King Filippo IV), August 2nd, 1718 (abdicated in favor of his son Carlos: December 1st, 1734)
		Leopold II Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, King In Germany, of Jerusalem, Hungary and Bohemia, Archduke of Austria
		Queen of Spain and the Indies, September 29th, 1833 (forced to leave Spain: September 30th, 1868; abdicated in favor of her son: Paris, June 25th, 1870)
	www.geocities.com /henrivanoene/genspain.html (3153 words)

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