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Topic: Isabella I of Spain

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Queen Isabella

Isabella of Castile

Ferdinand V of Spain

John II of Castile

Henry II of Castile

Isabella II of Spain

Isabella of Burgundy

Joanna of Castile

Ferdinand II of Aragon

Spanish Inquisition

Reconquista

Christian Reconquest

Anne of Great Britain

Pope Alexander VI

Abigail Adams

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Isabella I
		Isabella took a prominent part in this war; not only did she attend to the government of the kingdom, and provide for the support of the army while Ferdinand did battle at its head, but she repeatedly visited the camp to animate the troops by her presence.
		Isabella the Catholic always show herself the protectress of Columbus, but she was also the protectess of the American aborigines against the ill-usage of the colonists and adventurers.
		Isabella was no less the patroness of the great Cisneros in the reformation of the monasteries of Spain, a work which he accomplished under the authority of Alexander VI given by the Brief of March, 1493, and which anticipated the reform afterwards executed throughout the whole
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08177a.htm (2106 words)

	Isabella I
		When Isabella was still a teenager, she showed her wisdom by refusing the usurped crown that was offered to her while her brother Henry IV was still on the throne and proclaiming that she would not become queen while her brother was still living.
		Isabella was actively involved in these wars and showed her strength of character by constantly visiting the troops and encouraging them in their labor.
		Isabella was given the title Isabella the Catholic because of her extreme vision to purify the faith.
	www.hyperhistory.net /apwh/bios/b2isabella1.htm (743 words)

	Isabella II of Spain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Isabella II (October 10, 1830 – April 10, 1904), Isabel II in Spanish, was Queen regnant of Spain ("Queen of the Spains" officially from August 13, 1836, Isabella II the "queen of Castile, Leon, Aragon,...")
		Isabella's rights were only maintained through the support of the army, the Cortes and the Liberals and Progressists, who at the same time established constitutional and parliamentary government, dissolved the religious orders, confiscated the property of the orders including the Jesuits, and attempted to restore order in finances.
		Isabella was induced to abdicate in Paris on June 25, 1870 in favour of her son, Alfonso XII, and the cause of the restoration was thus much furthered.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Isabella_II_of_Spain (945 words)

	Isabella II - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Isabella II 1830-1904, queen of Spain (1833-68), daughter of Ferdinand VII and of Maria Christina.
		Isabella was under the regency of her mother until 1840, when Espartero seized power.
		Isabella's rule was one of party conflicts among moderates, progressives, and liberal unionists and of continuous cabinet changes.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-isabella2.html (494 words)

	European Voyages of Exploration: Isabella I
		Isabella I, Queen of Castile, was born in the town of Madrigal de las Altas Torres April 22, 1453 and died a little before noon November 26, 1504 in the castle of La Mota, which still stands at Medina del Campo (Valladolid).
		In 1465, an attempt was made to arrange the marriage between Isabella and Afonso V of Portugal, but the princess had already chosen Ferdinand of Aragon for a husband and was therefore opposed to this alliance.
		Isabella, as soon as she was left alone, journeyed to Valladolid, and from there sent loyal followers in search of Ferdinand, who had been proclaimed King of Sicily and heir of the Aragonese monarchy.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/isabella.html (1478 words)

	Spain - MSN Encarta
		In 1469 Isabella of Castile (later Isabella I), heiress to the Castilian throne, married her cousin, Ferdinand of Aragón (later Ferdinand V).
		Isabella was declared queen of Castile and León in 1474, and by 1476 Isabella had won control of the kingdom amidst a war of succession for the crown.
		Ferdinand and Isabella greatly expanded Spain’s influence on the continent by marrying their children to the heirs of other European rulers.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761575057_12/Spain.html (1068 words)

	Queen Isabella I
		Isabella I was born on April 22, 1451 in the town of Madrigal de las Altas Torres.
		As such on March 31, 1492 Isabella and Ferdinand ordered that by July 1st all people of the Jewish faith had to leave Spain or be put to to death.
		Isabella not only made sure that the girls were well educated (which was unusual for that time), but also that they knew how to do such things as sewing.
	www.ctspanish.com /legends/isabella1.htm (1864 words)

	Isabella I. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		At the death (1474) of her half brother Henry IV of Castile, the succession to Castile was contested between Isabella and Juana la Beltraneja, who was supported by Alfonso V of Portugal.
		She was a prime mover in the expulsion (1492) of the Jews from Spain, the conquest (1492) of Granada, and the forced conversion of the Moors.
		Isabella bequeathed Castile to her daughter Joanna, with Ferdinand as regent.
	www.bartleby.com /65/is/Isabella1.html (356 words)

	SPAIN FROM FERDINAND AND ISABELLA TO PHILIP
		While Ferdinand and Isabella did weaken the political position of the nobility, this fact must be placed in proper perspective by the consideration of two related facts: They did not strengthen the townsmen politically, and they did not seriously weaken the great nobles socially or economically.
		It was established throughout Spain by a bull of Sixtus IV in 1478, at the request of the monarchs, and began operations in 1480.
		In the Spain of Ferdinand and Isabella, the chief threat of heresy was thought to proceed from the Jews and conversos.
	vlib.iue.it /carrie/texts/carrie_books/gilbert/18.html (16703 words)

	History of Spain - Gurupedia
		Ferdinand's reign was the beginning of Spain's prominence in European affairs, ending the diplomatic isolation brought on by his father's clashes with the Pope over his marriages.
		These effects, combined with the expulsion of Spain's most economically vital classes in the late 15th century (the Jews and the Moors), caused Spain's economy to collapse several times in the 16th century, brining the Golden Age of Spain to a close.
		Under the Bonaparte, Spain failed to embrace the mercantile and industrial revolutions of the 18th century, and also failed to absorb the ideals that of the Enlightenment that were revolutionizing European thought.
	www.gurupedia.com /h/hi/history_of_spain.htm (3224 words)

	Ferdinand V and Isabella I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In 1469 Princess Isabella married Ferdinand of Aragón, known also as Ferdinand V, The Catholic, and on the death of her brother, Henry IV, Isabella and Ferdinand jointly succeeded (1474) to the throne of Castile and León.
		Isabella's succession was contested, however, by Alfonso V of Portugal, who supported the claim of Henry's daughter Juana la Beltraneja.
		Isabella and her husband (known together as "the Catholic kings") are remembered for completing the reconquest of Spain from the Moors, for initiating the Inquisition, and for their ruthless expulsion of the Spanish Jews.
	www.sonhex.dk /fandi.htm (617 words)

	Isabel I
		Isabella of Castile was a powerful queen as Europe passed from the Late Middle Ages to the Renaissance.
		Isabella was queen of Castile from 1474 to 1505, and she had to fight a civil war to secure her throne.
		Ferdinand and Isabella succeeded as joint sovereigns to the throne of Castile on the death of Isabella's half brother Henry IV in December of 1474.
	departments.kings.edu /womens_history/isabel.html (1036 words)

	Isabella, II Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		Isabella II (1830-1904) was queen of Spain from 1833 to 1868.
		Born in Madrid on Oct. 10, 1830, Isabella was the daughter of Ferdinand VII of Spain and Maria Cristina of Naples.
		Isabella's education had been meager; she could scarcely read and was by all accounts relatively ignorant.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/isabella-ii (455 words)

	Queen Isabella (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Isabella was born in Madrigal de las Altas Torres, Castile, on April 22, 1451.
		Isabella took the throne, but the first four years of her reign were marked by civil war with Joan's faction.
		Isabella and Ferdinand chose to finance his voyage and the New World was discovered for the Spanish.
	www.angelfire.com /anime2/100import/queenisabella.html (359 words)

	History of Spain and its Spanish Heritage
		The Jews of Spain were also expelled or forced to renounce their faith, because the Catholic sovereigns believed that the church and the state were indivisible.
		Spain lost the remnants of its empire in the West Indies and the Pacific.
		Spain was not admitted to the United Nations as a charter member, but in 1952 it was allowed to join some of the special agencies.
	www.thetreemaker.com /last-name-meaning/history-of-spain.html (1983 words)

	Isabella, Queen of Spain - Timeline Index
		Isabella of Castile, who helped unify Spain via a dynastic marriage with Ferdinand of Aragon in 1469, was a master of propaganda to secure her rule.
		Although Isabella ultimately prevailed and solidified her claims to the throne of Castile via her marriage to Ferdinand, she well realized she needed to gain allegiance of all Castilians by overcoming their resistance to female rule.
		Philip II, king of Spain and Portugal, was born at Valladolid, the only son of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V and Isabella of Portugal.
	www.timelineindex.com /content/view/1099 (440 words)

	Queen Isabella of Spain
		Queen Isabella of Spain had many hard choices, but she made one excellent decision that had far-reaching consequences.
		Isabella's decision to sponsor the discovery of new land was her most important contribution to history.
		Isabella was born on April 22, 1451 in a town called Madrigal de las Altas Torres.
	www.edhelper.com /ReadingComprehension_35_762.html (254 words)

	Isabella I, the Catholic, of Castile and Leon (1451-1504)
		Isabella I, the Catholic, of Castile and Leon (1451-1504)
		Isabella I, the Catholic, of Castile and Leon
		On the death of her brother, Henry IV, Isabella and Ferdinand jointly succeeded (1474) to the throne of Castile and León, a succession which was contested by Alfonso V of Portugal who supported the claim of Henry's daughter, Juana la Beltraneja.
	www.pinn.net /~sunshine/whm2001/isabella.html (546 words)

	Spain - THE GOLDEN AGE - Ferdinand and Isabella
		The marriage in 1469 of royal cousins, Ferdinand of Aragon (1452-1516) and Isabella of Castile (1451-1504), eventually brought stability to both kingdoms.
		Isabella's niece, Juana, had bloodily disputed her succession to the throne in a conflict in which the rival claimants were given assistance by outside powers--Isabella by Aragon and Juana by her suitor, the king of Portugal.
		Spain's population was more heterogeneous than that of any other European nation, and it contained significant nonChristian communities.
	countrystudies.us /spain/7.htm (951 words)

	Spain HQ : Isabella Of Spain
		A timeline for the period of Islam in Spain.
		A translated excerpt from the "History of the Conquest of Spain" by the Egyptian,Ibn Abd-el-Hakem (870 or 871 CE); from the Medieval Sourcebook.
		Spain HQ excludes all liability of any kind (including negligence) in respect of any third party information or other material made available on, or which can be accessed using, this Website.
	spainhq.com /isabellaofspain (776 words)

	Isabella (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Isabella was born in Madrigal de las Altas Torras, Spain, the daughter of John II, King of Castile and Leon.
		Isabella's marriage to Ferdinand of Aragon united Spain's two largest kingdoms and laid the foundation of the Spanish state.
		They governed independently, however, and Isabella initiated a program of reform which reduced the power of her rebellious nobles, streamlined her government, and encouraged scholarship.
	www.hyperhistory.com /online_n2/people_n2/persons6_n2/isabella.html (124 words)

	Elizabeth of England and Isabella of Spain in the context of Machiavelli
		Elizabeth of England and Isabella of Spain in the context of Machiavelli
		Isabella I of Spain and Elizabeth I of England managed to attain the “perfect” rule.
		Isabella never had a chance to read the book since it was published after her death, yet Machiavelli had admired the political behavior of her and her husband.
	www.hyperhistory.net /apwh/essays/comp/cw18machiavellian.htm (800 words)

	Isabella 3
		Columbus' appeal to Queen Isabella to finance his planned voyage to the East by sailing west was originally turned down.
		In this document Queen Isabella commands her chamberlain, Sancho de Paredes, to give 2,000 maravedis from the 30,000 received from the treasurer, Gonzalo de Baeza, to Francisco de Hermosilla, and to secure a receipt.
		Spain, however gave him his fame, and the opportunity to carry out his dreams.
	www.7cs.com /neworld/isabella3.htm (255 words)

	Isabella I (1451-1504) : Library of Congress Citations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Isabella I, Queen of Spain, 1451-1504 -- Juvenile literature.
		A biography of Queen Isabella I of Spain, who made it possible for Christopher Columbus to sail west, and whose fierce support of Catholicism led to the expulsion from Spain of non-converted Jews and Moslems.
		Isabella I, Queen of Spain, 1451-1504 -- Marriage.
	www.mala.bc.ca /~mcneil/cit/citlcisabella1.htm (3595 words)

	International Society for Sephardic Progress (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The ISFSP calls upon the Holy See to not consider the beatification of Queen Isabella I of Castile (1451-1502), for she is not worthy of veneration, as she has contributed to crimes against humanity.
		The true fact is Isabella had directly contributed to crimes against humanity, death, and economic destruction of her subjects.
		On September 27, 1480 Isabella of Castile gave her blessing to the start of what is known as the Spanish Inquisition.
	isfsp.org /press-isabella.html (564 words)

	Amazon.com: Isabella of Spain: The Last Crusader (1451-1504): Books: William Thomas Walsh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Isabella was confronted with a fifth column in her work of reconquering and reuniting Spain, that of the Conversos, or false Christians.
		Although Isabella's first born, the aforementioned Prince Juan, died very soon after his marriage and before reaching his twenties, her youngest daughter, Catalina, whom the English knew as Catherine of Aragon, went on to make her significant mark on world history.
		Walsh vividly recreates the brutal world that baby Isabella was born into and actually mananges to create a feeling of suspense as the quiet little girl faces a world of dangers alone.
	www.amazon.com /Isabella-Spain-Last-Crusader-1451-1504/dp/0895553201 (2873 words)

	Queen Isabella II - Picture - MSN Encarta
		Queen Isabella II The reign of Isabella II, queen of Spain, was marred by intrigues and political instability.
		She was deposed in the Revolution of 1868.
		Spain; Fashion; Isabella II Exclusively for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers.
	encarta.msn.com /media_701610245_761575057_-1_1/Queen_Isabella_II.html (44 words)

	Isabella of Castile - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Her maternal grandparents were Prince John of Portugal, Grand Master of Santiago, who was a brother of Henry the Navigator, and his wife Isabella de Bragança.
		Isabella was born in Madrigal de las Altas Torres on April 22, 1451.
		But she refused their advances, acknowledging instead Henry as king, and he, in turn, recognized her as the legitimate heir in the Treaty of the Bulls of Guisando, rather than Joan whose paternal origin was in dispute and who had married the King of Portugal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Isabella_of_Castile (2620 words)

	Amazon.com: Isabella: Catholic Queen and Madam of Spain: Books: John Edwards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Isabella was Queen of Spain for over 30 years, an absolute monarch who reigned with absolute power and ruthlessness.
		Feared by her subjects, admired by her successors and courted by monarchs from all over Europe, Isabella was Spain’s answer to Elizabeth I. Having fought in a male-dominated society for her right to rule, Isabella governed Spain with an iron fist to match any king of her day.
		John Edwards follows the dramatic twists and turns of Isabella’s life, showing her "purification" of the Catholic faith through the notorious Inquisition, her unwavering faith in Christopher Columbus when all others misunderstood his genius and her determination to succeed as a woman in a man’s world.
	www.amazon.com /Isabella-Catholic-Queen-Madam-Spain/dp/0752433318 (849 words)

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