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	Isaiah Berlin - New World Encyclopedia
		Isaiah Berlin was considered one of the leading liberal thinkers of the twentieth century, and one of the founders of the field of intellectual history.
		Berlin saw a greater danger in the German followers of Kant, particularly in Fichte, who became an ardent nationalist, proclaiming that the individual achieves freedom only through renunciation of his or her desires and beliefs as an individual and submersion in a larger group, the Volk.
		Berlin associated the notion of negative liberty most strongly with the classical British political philosophers such as Locke, Hobbes, and Smith, and with the classical liberal tradition as it had emerged and developed in Britain and France from the seventeenth to the early nineteenth centuries.
	www.newworldencyclopedia.org /entry/Isaiah_Berlin (2315 words)

	Isaiah Berlin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sir Isaiah Berlin, OM, (June 6, 1909 – November 5, 1997) was a political philosopher and historian of ideas, regarded as one of the leading liberal thinkers of the 20th century.
		Berlin's writings on the Enlightenment and its critics — for whom Berlin coined the term the "Counter-Enlightenment" — and particularly Romanticism, contributed to his advocacy of an ethical theory he termed value-pluralism.
		Isaiah Berlin was once confused with Irving Berlin by Winston Churchill who invited the latter to lunch, thinking he was the former.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Isaiah_Berlin (1349 words)

	sociology - Isaiah Berlin
		Sir Isaiah Berlin (June 6 1909 – November 5 1997) was a political philosopher and historian of ideas, regarded as one of the leading liberal thinkers of the century.
		Berlin is best known for his essay "Two Concepts of Liberty", which was delivered in 1958 as his inaugural lecture as Chichele Professor of Social and Political Theory at Oxford.
		Berlin's writings on the Enlightenment and its critics — for whom Berlin coined the term the "Counter-Enlightenment" — and particularly Romanticism, contributed to his advocacy of an ethical theory he termed value-pluralism.
	www.aboutsociology.com /sociology/Isaiah_Berlin (783 words)

	Isaiah Berlin (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		Berlin's individualism, the influence on him of neo-Kantianism, and what one scholar (Allen 1998) has called his anti-procrusteanism—his opposition to attempts dogmatically and inappropriately to impose standards or models on aspects of human experience which they don't fit—shaped his view of the nature of the human sciences, and their relationship to the natural sciences.
		Berlin asserted that the human sciences also differed from the natural sciences in that the former were concerned with understanding the particulars of human life in and of themselves, while the natural sciences sought to establish general laws which could explain whole classes of phenomena.
		Berlin admired many of the thinkers of the Enlightenment, and explicitly regarded himself as ‘on their side’; he believed that much of what they had accomplished had been for the good; and, as an empiricist, he recognised them as part of the same philosophical tradition to which he belonged.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/berlin (14381 words)

	Kenan Malik's review of 'Isaiah Berlin' by Michael Ignatieff
		Isaiah Berlin was born in Riga, on the Baltic coast, in 1909, into a virtually-assimilated Jewish family.
		Berlin's solution to this conundrum was to argue for the establishment two states, one for Jews, one for Palestinians.
		Berlin's stress on the importance of freedom often led him into indiscriminate denunciations of 'historical determinism', believing as he did that all theories of historical development denied the notion of free will.
	www.kenanmalik.com /reviews/ignatieff_berlin.html (1863 words)

	Sir Isaiah Berlin
		Sir Isaiah Berlin (1909-97), philosopher and historian of ideas, was born in Riga, Latvia, of Jewish parents.
		Between 1932 and 1938 Berlin was a Fellow of All Souls College, where he studied philosophy and wrote a biography of Karl Marx (published in 1939).
		In 1966 Berlin accepted the Presidency of Wolfson College (initially known as Iffley College), and was instrumental in its creation as a building and institution.
	www.bodley.ox.ac.uk /dept/scwmss/modpol/berlin/sirisaiah.htm (516 words)

	Guardian Unlimited Books \| By genre \| Swerving Berlin
		After Berlin's death in 1997 at the age of 88, an outpouring of tributes was followed by Michael Ignatieff's affectionate, vivid biography (an essential companion to the letters).
		Berlin, who impressed everyone he met with his instantaneous grasp of American wartime attitudes, was taken on by the British embassy as part of its propaganda machine to get America into the war.
		Berlin's ironical eye is just as sharp, whether he's writing a "vignette" of a particularly awful don ("an absolutely unimportant, unlearned little buffoon") or of hearing Yeats intoning verse to a young woman in the bar of the Shelbourne Hotel, where everyone seems to be straight out of Turgenev.
	books.guardian.co.uk /reviews/biography/0,6121,1206956,00.html (1166 words)

	The Infidels - Isaiah Berlin
		Sir Isaiah Berlin was a political philosopher and historian of ideas, regarded as one of the leading liberal thinkers of the 20th century.
		Berlin was a friend of the British philosopher Alfred Ayer.
		Its proponents (like Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill) insisted that constraint and discipline were the antithesis of liberty and so were (and are) less prone to confusing liberty and constraint in the manner of the philosophical harbingers of modern totalitarianism.
	www.theinfidels.org /zunb-isaiahberlin.htm (1162 words)

	Isaiah Berlin
		Isaiah Berlin was one of the most formidable defenders of philosophical liberalism and distinguished practitioners of the history of ideas.
		Berlin was a founding father with Austin, Ayer, and others of Oxford philosophy, but after publishing several papers on the rebellion against idealism, he broke away from the general spirit of positivism.
		Berlin's central dichotomy of monists and pluralists and his interest in such Counter-Enlightenment figures as Vico, was later interpreted as an attack on the values of Enlightenment.
	www.kirjasto.sci.fi /berlin.htm (1471 words)

	Sir Isaiah Berlin
		Sir Isaiah Berlin OM (June 6, 1909 — November 5, 1997) was a political philosopher and historian of ideas, born in Riga, now in Latvia.
		Berlin's writings on the Enlightenment and its critics (for which, collectively, Berlin coined the term, the 'Counter-Enlightenment' to describe), and particularly Romanticism, contributed to his advocacy of an ethical theory he termed value-pluralism.
		Berlin insisted that, at least in some cases, such conflicts are irresolveable in purely rational terms, because conflicting values may be both equally valid and incompatible, and hence, may suffer from an element of incommensurability.
	www.geocities.com /chadofborg/isaiahberlin.html (512 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Guardian daily comment \| An English liberal stooge
		And Berlin's cadences were on full display in those performances which turned him into the Paganini of the lecture hall.
		Berlin's Russia was the country invented by its 19th-century intelligentsia for their own propagandist purposes: a land which had to be liberated from the tyranny of Orthodox faith but was full of Slavic longing for an authentic culture.
		Berlin's own failure was that, poised between history and philosophy, he could do neither.
	www.guardian.co.uk /comment/story/0,3604,1191334,00.html (874 words)

	Isaiah Berlin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Sir Isaiah Berlin (June 6 1909 – November 5 1997) was a political philosopher and historian of ideas, regarded as one of the leading liberal thinkers of the 20th century.
		His 1958 essay "Two Concepts of Liberty", in which he famously distinguished between positive and negative liberty, has informed much of the debate since then on the relationship between liberty and equality.
		Berlin's writings on the Enlightenment and its critics — for whom Berlin coined the term the "Counter-Enlightenment" — and particularly Romanticism, contributed to his advocacy of an ethical theory he termed value-pluralism.
	tehachapi.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Isaiah_Berlin (888 words)

	BBC News \| UK \| Philosopher and political thinker Sir Isaiah Berlin dies
		Thought by many to be the dominant scholar of his generation, the death of Sir Isaiah, an extraordinary, life-loving man with a mind like an encyclopaedia, leaves a hole in the intellectual life of Britain impossible to fill.
		Isaiah Berlin was perhaps also a fox, intrigued by many ideas, unendingly curious, open-minded and pleading above all for tolerance.
		Isaiah Berlin went to school in London and to unversity at Oxford.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/uk/24540.stm (793 words)

	Boston Review \| Charles Larmore reviews Isaiah Berlin
		Isaiah Berlin has been one of the great innovative minds of our time, broadening our sense of the variety and complexity of the human good.
		In a number of famous essays, Berlin has argued that Herder's pluralist insights ought not to be lost as we rightly reject the dangerous strands of nationalism which have also claimed inspiration from his thought.
		The Romantics, Berlin argues, were the first to announce that we are the authors of our ends and that the question of how we are to live is settled not by learning what is valuable, but by giving ourselves the values we will affirm.
	bostonreview.net /BR22.6/Larmore.html (2299 words)

	Isaiah Berlin (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Berlin spent his entire academic career at Oxford apart from a brief spell working for the British government, in America during the Second World War, and in Russia just afterwards, when a very brief thaw in Stalinism gave him the very rare privilege of meeting the poets
		Finally, Tributes and Memoirs is a collection of Berlin’s éloges on the twentieth-century scholars and statesmen he has known and admired: JL Austin, Bowra, Churchill, Aldous Huxley, Namier, Plamenatz, Roosevelt, Weizmann and a number of others.
		A quote from Isaiah Berlin kicks that book off for John Gray, which is not only fitting given his pioneering work on The Enlightenment but also because of his evident influence on Gray himself.
	clublet.com /why?page=IsaiahBerlin (609 words)

	Isaiah Berlin
		For Berlin negative liberty meant the ability to act, or to express thoughts, without being interfered with by others and especially the state.
		After all, as Berlin himself often noted, the ancient Greeks lacked the notion of a sphere or life that ought to be protected from political interference, and it was only in modern times that an ideal of negative liberty was formulated.
		Berlin, as I see from Mr Gray's essay, arrived at decency from a very different quarrel, one with the radically rational.
	www.portifex.com /BSPages/IsaiahBerlin.htm (1228 words)

	Reason Magazine - What's the Big Idea?
		Berlin's thought, in this account, is rooted in a rejection of a conception of human nature associated with the Enlightenment.
		Berlin's view, Gray argues, "is a view of man as inherently unfinished and incomplete, of man as at least partly the author of himself and not subject comprehensively to any natural order.
		Yet Berlin (or Gray) may be putting forward a subtler claim, to the effect that diversity exists necessarily at some deeper level.
	www.reason.com /news/show/30034.html (2918 words)

	Isaiah Berlin, Letters 1928-1946 -- Isaiah Berlin Henry Hardy
		Isaiah Berlin clearly enjoyed communicating with his friends, and his extraordinary letters to them are a testimony to his wit, intelligence, and passion for life and knowledge.
		Berlin’s entire life was filled with friendships with notable figures from the world of literature, academia, politics, and British high society.
		Michael Ignatieff writes, “Isaiah Berlin was one of the great letter-writers of the twentieth century: witty, indiscreet, passionate, wise and unbuttoned.
	www.frontlist.com /detail/052183368x (476 words)

	Isaiah Berlin at opensource encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Isaiah Berlin (1909 - November 5 1997) was a political philosopher and historian of ideas, born in Riga, Latvia.
		Berlin was awarded the Order of Merit in 1957, and also received many other honours.
		Irving Berlin was once confused with Isaiah by Winston Churchill who invited the former around for lunch thinking he was the latter.
	www.wiki.tatet.com /Isaiah_Berlin.html (187 words)

	Reason magazine -- November 1996
		Berlin's thought, in this account, is rooted in a rejection of a conception of human nature associated with the Enlightenment.
		Berlin's view, Gray argues, "is a view of man as inherently unfinished and incomplete, of man as at least partly the author of himself and not subject comprehensively to any natural order.
		And indeed Gray notes that National Socialism is excluded by Berlin's requirement of "minimal universalism." According to Gray, this is a small concession: Recognizing a "common moral horizon" for the human species may disqualify some ideas of the good life (e.g., Nazi ideas), but it does not ground or privilege liberalism.
	reason.com /9611/bk.kukathas.shtml (2747 words)

	Isaiah Berlin \| UXL Newsmakers \| Find Articles at BNET.com
		British philosopher, Isaiah Berlin (born 1909), wrote widely on topics involving the history of ideas, political philosophy, and the relationship of the individual to society.
		Isaiah Berlin was born in Riga, Latvia, on June 9, 1909.
		Isaiah Berlin was a lecturer at various colleges at Oxford after 1933 and was a visiting professor at scores of American collegesand#x2014;most notably Harvard, Princeton, and The City College of New York.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_gx5221/is_2005/ai_n19134950 (884 words)

	Isaiah Berlin lectures on Liberty and Romanticism \| Samizdata.net
		Berlin's epigraph for his lecture on Rousseau is a quotation from one of Dostoevsky's characters: "Starting from unlimited freedom I arrive at unlimited despotism" and to show how Rousseau manages to do this is one of Berlin's most elegant descriptions and should be read unspoilt by an advance notice.
		Berlin strikes out on his own line: before this time, the courage, constancy and persistence of persons held to be deeply in error in, generally, their religious beliefs evoked no sympathy and little respect - witness, say, Lancelot Andrewes' attitude to and treatment of a Puritan locked up in a filthy gaol.
		Berlin was unwilling to see them published unrevised in his lifetime, and stuck to his guns even though I urged him to relent.
	www.samizdata.net /blog/archives/006673.html (7202 words)

	Sir Isaiah Berlin & the history of ideas
		Berlin was advised by British diplomats that he would find extreme difficulty in speaking with anyone other than the officials assigned to him by the communist regime which had a tradition of attempting to discourage meetings between Soviet citizens and foreigners.
		Sir Isaiah's lectures were often not published and his essays were scattered in so many magazines and journals that his body of work was inaccessible to most people.
		An initial opening of Berlin's interest to the whole area of the history of ideas, and of their influence, arising through his becoming familiar with the work of the Russian philosopher and revolutionary Alexander Herzen.
	www.age-of-the-sage.org /history/historian/Isaiah_Berlin.html (1642 words)

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