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Topic: Ischaemia

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	SRS-X, The SRS Educational Resource for Radiology, Chronic mesenteric ischaemia
		This projection is important in the investigation of mesenteric ischaemia because stenoses or short occlusions of these vessels may be obscured by contrast in the underlying aorta on the AP view.
		Ischaemia of the intestine results from the interruption or reduction of its blood supply.
		arteial vs venous), the extent of the occlusion or ischaemia, (eg.
	www.radiology.co.uk /srs-x/cases/019/d.htm (583 words)

	Silent myocardial ischaemia in patients with proved coronary artery disease: a comparison of diabetic and non-diabetic ...
		Silent myocardial ischaemia in patients with proved coronary artery disease: a comparison of diabetic and non-diabetic patients -- Ditchburn et al.
		Overall, the prevalence of silent ischaemia between the two groups differs quite markedly at 34% and 19% (table 2).
		Silent myocardial ischaemia in chronic stable angina: a study of its frequency and characteristics in 150 patients.
	www.postgradmedj.com /cgi/content/full/77/908/395 (2101 words)

	Apoptosis is a major mode of cell death caused by ischaemia and ischaemia/reperfusion injury to the rat intestinal ...
		Apoptosis is a major mode of cell death caused by ischaemia and ischaemia/reperfusion injury to the rat intestinal epithelium
		Mucosal injury was induced by both ischaemia and ischaemia/reperfusion.
		that apoptosis is triggered by ischaemia and ischaemia/reperfusion.
	gut.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/42/4/530 (3883 words)

	Drowning and near-drowning: a challenge for the anesthesiologist
		This lecture reviews the causes of myocardial ischaemia, when it occurs, those patients who are at high risk and the current methods for prophylaxis and treatment of PMI in noncardiac surgery.
		This fits with observations of silent myocardial ischaemia related to a reduction in regional coronary perfusion, when no change is found in BP or HR during normal daily activities in patients with CAD.
		Frishman WH, Lazar EJ Reduction of mortality, sudden death and non-fatal reinfarction with beta-adrenergic blockers in survivors of acute myocardial infarction: a new hypothesis regarding the cardioprotective action of beta-adrenergic blockade.
	www.euroanesthesia.org /education/rc_amsterdam/09rc2.HTM (3502 words)

	British Journal of Pharmacology - RSD1019 suppresses ischaemia-induced monophasic action potential shortening and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This observation might be particularly important since AP shortening is one of the hallmarks of myocardial ischaemia (Janse and Wit, 1989).
		Thus, lidocaine's ischaemia-selective conduction slowing actions, and the resulting derangement of the electrophysiological properties of the ischaemic myocardium were associated with an increase in the incidence of VF and a decrease in the latency to VF.
		Myocardial ischaemia causes AP shortening in all species and is associated with the occurrence of re-entrant arrhythmias (Janse and Wit, 1989; Pogwizd and Corr, 1987).
	www.nature.com /bjp/journal/v131/n3/full/0703592a.html (5925 words)

	British Journal of Pharmacology - Nitric oxide, superoxide, and peroxynitrite in myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion ...
		Ischaemic preconditioning is a well-described adaptive response in which brief exposure to ischaemia markedly enhances the ability of the heart to withstand a subsequent ischaemic injury (see for review: Przyklenk and Kloner, 1998).
		Furthermore, preliminary studies by Wang and Zweier (1997) showed that preconditioning decreases NO synthesis during subsequent ischaemia and this is associated with the protective effect of preconditioning in isolated rat hearts.
		(1999a) Myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury is exacerbated in absence of endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase.
	www.nature.com /bjp/journal/v138/n4/full/0705080a.html (8926 words)

	Triggers of perioperative myocardial ischaemia and infarction -- Priebe 93 (1): 9 -- British Journal of Anaesthesia
		and triggers of perioperative myocardial ischaemia and infarction.
		ischaemia is confined predominantly to the subendocardium, the
		reduce postoperative myocardial ischaemia remains to be determined.
	bja.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/93/1/9 (6401 words)

	Exercise induced myocardial ischaemia does not cause increase in C-reactive protein concentration -- GASPARDONE et al. ...
		Exercise induced myocardial ischaemia does not cause increase in C-reactive protein concentration -- GASPARDONE et al.
		On the basis of this clinical evidence it is assumed that the increase in CRP is not secondary to the extent and severity
		ischaemia but is rather a marker of an underlying inflammatory
	heart.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/84/6/668a (933 words)

	Changes in autonomic nervous system activity: spontaneous versus balloon-induced myocardial ischaemia -- Manfrini et ...
		of spontaneous and balloon-induced coronary ischaemia, and 5
		9:00 A.M. to 6:00 P.M. for spontaneous ischaemia and from 10:00
		Results are shown as box plots displaying the 25th and 75th percentile as the box, the whiskers of the box representing the remaining data points, and * marking statistical outliers.
	eurheartj.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/25/17/1502 (3051 words)

	Oxygen debt: Limiting damage caused by lack of oxygen
		“If you have a very brief period of ischaemia or mild ischaemia that starves the heart of blood, but is not severe enough to kill the cardiac cells, then your body switches on a biological programme that makes the heart resistant to further ischaemia – it’s a form of adaptation,” says Professor Marber.
		Professor Marber is keen to understand how the heart adapts during ‘warm-up’ angina to protect itself against further ischaemia, and hopes that therapies can be developed that will mimic the effect of ischaemic preconditioning, and slow the rate of cell death.
		Most of us are probably born with at least some of these collateral vessels, and when people get ischaemia, the number of collaterals increases and helps protect the heart against damage.
	www.wellcome.ac.uk /doc_WTX023674.html (996 words)

	Mesenteric ischaemia in haemodialysis patients: a case/control study -- Bassilios et al. 18 (5): 911 -- Nephrology ...
		ischaemia were compared in both groups at the same date.
		In conclusion, mesenteric ischaemia is not uncommon in haemodialysis
		ischaemia is a surgical emergency with non-specific symptoms.
	ndt.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/18/5/911 (2998 words)

	sBMJ \| Surgical emergency: acute limb ischaemia
		In England and Wales approximately 5000 patients present each year with acute limb ischaemia, and the associated mor- tality is at least 20%, with a limb loss rate of 40%.
		However, the severity of the symptoms and signs of acute ischaemia is not proportional to the degree of ischaemia.
		The majority of acute limb ischaemia is caused by acute thrombosis in a vessel with pre-existing atherosclerosis (60%).
	www.studentbmj.com /issues/00/07/education/226.php (1034 words)

	ABC of arterial and venous disease: Acute limb ischaemia -- Callum and Bradbury 320 (7237): 764 -- BMJ
		ABC of arterial and venous disease: Acute limb ischaemia -- Callum and Bradbury 320 (7237): 764 -- BMJ
		Limb ischaemia is classified on the basis of onset and severity.
		ischaemia advanced before the thoracic outlet syndrome is diagnosed.
	bmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/320/7237/764 (1471 words)

	Is postural tremor size controlled by interstitial potassium concentration in muscle? -- Lakie et al. 75 (7): 1013 -- ...
		Ischaemia was induced by inflating a cuff round the upper arm as fast as possible starting at 30 seconds.
		Ischaemia and a maintained posture produced a large, consistent, and significant reduction (mean (SD), 60 (10)%) in tremor size (t = 13.43, p<0.05).
		Ischaemia on its own (posture-relax-posture) produced only a much smaller, less consistent, and non-significant reduction (24 (18)%).
	jnnp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/75/7/1013 (3496 words)

	Acute small bowel ischaemia complicating emergency colectomy
		Typically a patient suffering from acute mesenteric ischaemia has certain risk factors and complains of sudden onset of abdominal pain although the presentation can be more insidious.
		In this case small bowel ischaemia was encountered unexpectedly during emergency operation for toxic mega-colon.
		It is tempting to propose a common cause for the gut and toe ischaemia in some way related to the inflammatory bowel disease.
	www.rcsed.ac.uk /Journal/vol45_1/4510013.htm (1119 words)

	Tempero-spatial dissociation between the expression of Fas and apoptosis after coronary occlusion -- Feng et al. 56 ...
		The DNA isolated from the control (lane Cont), 10 minute ischaemic/infarcted sample (lane 10 M), and a region remote from ischaemia in the three to 36 hour ischaemic/infarcted sample (lane 6 H/R) does not show the ladder pattern.
		DNA isolated from the border zones of ischaemia (lanes 6 H/B, 3 H/B, 4.5 H/B, 12 H/B, 24 H/B, and 36 H/B represent the six, three, 4.5, 12, 24, and 36 hour ischaemic/infarcted groups, respectively) shows the ladder pattern.
		DNA in lanes 6 H/R, 6 H/B, and 6H/C is isolated from the region remote to ischaemia, border zones, and central areas of a six hour ischaemic/infarcted sample, respectively.
	mp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/56/6/362 (3040 words)

	Effects of sevoflurane on dopamine, glutamate and aspartate release in an in vitro model of cerebral ischaemia -- Toner ...
		Effects of sevoflurane on dopamine, glutamate and aspartate release in an in vitro model of cerebral ischaemia -- Toner et al.
		ischaemia (6.90 (1.5) and 4.73 (1.76) µmol litre
		The period of ischaemia is indicated by the horizontal bar.
	bja.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/86/4/550 (2617 words)

	ABC of clinical electrocardiography: Myocardial ischaemia -- Channer and Morris 324 (7344): 1023 -- BMJ
		Myocardial ischaemia can affect T wave morphology in a variety of ways: T waves may become tall, flattened, inverted, or biphasic.
		In patients with previous Q wave myocardial infarction the hallmark of new ischaemia is often ST segment elevation.
		Ventricular myocardial ischaemia may be arrhythmogenic, and extrasystoles are common.
	bmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/324/7344/1023 (1491 words)

	Neurochemistry of cerebral ischaemia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Cerebral ischaemia, whether due to stroke, head injury or cardiac arrest, is a major cause of permanent debility.
		For instance, following cardiac arrest, global ischaemia causes at least some degree of permanent neuronal damage in approximately 67% of all patients resuscitated.
		Globus MYT, Busto R, Dietrich WD, Martinez E, Valdes I & Ginsberg MD (1988) Effect of ischaemia on the in vivo release of striatal dopamine, glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid studied by intracerebral microdialysis.
	www.mds.qmw.ac.uk /anae/ischaemi.htm (597 words)

	Role of "Ischemia Modified Albumin", a new biochemical marker of myocardial ischaemia, in the early diagnosis of acute ...
		Role of "Ischemia Modified Albumin", a new biochemical marker of myocardial ischaemia, in the early diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes
		disease, or brain ischaemia were not enrolled in the study.
		myocardial ischaemia in the absence of angiographically significant
	emj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/21/1/29 (3884 words)

	Conduction block during and after ischaemia in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy -- Cappelen-Smith et ...
		The timing of ischaemia is indicated by the horizontal bar in the lower panel.
		ischaemia and the Na pump is stimulated to restore ionic
		Kiernan MC, Bostock H. Effects of membrane polarization and ischaemia on the excitability properties of human motor axons.
	brain.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/125/8/1850 (3929 words)

	p981203a - Intestinal Angina (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		RESULTS: Splanchnic ischaemia can result from hypovolaemic states, resulting in splanchnic vasoconstriction and ischaemia with normal splanchnic vessels (non-occlusive ischaemia) or from vascular stenoses (occlusive ischaemia).
		The main problem hindering assessment of the incidence of symptomatic chronic splanchnic ischaemia is the lack of a diagnostic procedure separating symptom-free from symptomatic splanchnic atherosclerosis.
		Tonometry of the gastric PCO2 may be the most promising technique for detecting and grading splanchnic ischaemia.
	www.emory.edu /WHSCL/grady/amreport/litsrch98/p981203a.html (331 words)

	Cardiovascular control during concomitant dynamic leg exercise and static arm exercise in humans -- Strange 514 (1): ...
		In one study, post-exercise muscle ischaemia in one leg caused an increase in flow and vascular conductance in the opposite dynamically exercising leg (R. Boushel, P. Madson, H. Nielsen and N. Secher, personal communication).
		An arterial cuff was placed on both upper arms and inflated to suprasystolic pressure to induce ischaemia in the exercising forearms (see exercise protocol in Table 1).
		Whether the observed reduction in muscle vascular conductance indicates sympathetic vasoconstriction in the active leg muscles or whether it is simply the result of metabolic autoregulation of muscle blood flow is still a matter of controversy.
	jp.physoc.org /cgi/content/full/514/1/283 (5106 words)

	Ischaemia-reperfusion injury of rat ovary and the effects of vitamin C, mannitol and verapamil -- Sagsöz et al. 17 ...
		ischaemia was produced and the bilateral ovaries were surgically
		Henry, P.T. and Chandy, M.J. (1998) Effect of ascorbic acid on infarct size in experimental focal cerebral ischaemia and reperfusion in a primate model.
		Ishii, K., Suita, S. and Sumimoto, H. (1990) Effect of verapamil on conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to oxidase in ischemic rat liver.
	humrep.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/17/11/2972 (3017 words)

	Gut ischaemia following cardiac surgery -- Hasan et al. 3 (3): 475 -- Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery
		have extensive ischaemia and all 11 died irrespective of the
		The vast majority of the cases of gut ischaemia are due to non-occlusive
		Three of the extensive ischaemia group were done off-pump.
	icvts.ctsnetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/3/3/475 (1940 words)

	Inhibition of haem oxygenase activity increases leukocyte accumulation in the liver following limb ...
		Remote organ injury was initiated by 1 h bilateral hindlimb ischaemia followed by either 1 or 1.5 h reperfusion (I-R) in male C57BL/6 mice.
		The animals were randomly assigned to either a sham (no limb ischaemia) or limb ischaemia-reperfusion (I-R) group and then further randomized to be examined at either 1 or 1.5 h after the onset of limb reperfusion.
		Sham animals (n = 4) were not subjected to ischaemia, but remained anaesthetized for the same period of time as the length of ischaemia.
	jp.physoc.org /cgi/content/full/540/3/1013 (5536 words)

	Secondary prevention after cerebral ischaemia of presumed arterial origin: is aspirin still the touchstone -- JOLOBE 67 ...
		Secondary prevention after cerebral ischaemia of presumed arterial origin: is aspirin still the touchstone -- JOLOBE 67 (6): 832 -- Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
		I agree that, for secondary prevention of ischaemic stroke, alternatives to aspirin have to be identified,
		Secondary prevention after cerebral ischaemia of presumed arterial origin: is aspirin still the touchstone.
	www.jnnp.com /cgi/content/full/67/6/832 (255 words)

	Cholinergic stimulation with pyridostigmine protects against exercise induced myocardial ischaemia -- Castro et al. 90 ...
		exercise induced ischaemia and to determine peak oxygen consumption.
		in myocardial oxygen demand and thus the onset of ischaemia.
		ischaemia was increased by intravenous atropine, a cholinergic
	heart.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/90/10/1119 (2846 words)

	The electrocardiogram in ST elevation acute myocardial infarction: correlation with coronary anatomy and prognosis -- ...
		of diffuse coronary artery disease and remote ischaemia.
		ischaemia in opposed regions may attenuate or augment ST deviation.
		ischaemia on the admission ECG have a higher mortality
	pmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/79/935/490 (8147 words)

	Intra-Operative Cerebral Protection
		This is because profound ischaemia flattens the EEG in 15-20 seconds, after which time the rate of ATP fall will be the same regardless of the presence or absence of barbiturates.
		Inhibition of the release of excitatory neurotransmitters (aspartate, taurine, glutamate and gaba) has been demonstrated even if barbiturates are administered after the period of ischaemia, suggesting that at least some of the benefit occurs after reperfusion.
		Stump pressure is a poor predictor for the presence of cerebral ischaemia, since there are many reasons why the measured stump pressure threshold for ischaemia may vary considerably from one individual to another.
	www.usyd.edu.au /su/anaes/lectures/cerebprot (2279 words)

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