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Topic: Ischaemic

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	Ischaemic heart disease - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ischaemic heart disease is a disease characterized by reduced blood supply to the heart.
		The coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle and no alternative blood supply exists, so a blockage in the coronary arteries reduces the supply of blood to heart muscle.
		Most ischaemic heart disease is caused by atherosclerosis, usually present even when the artery lumens appear normal by angiography, see IVUS.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ischaemic_heart_disease (549 words)

	Progress: Ischaemic Stroke
		Strokes are of two main kinds: obstruction of a blood vessel in the brain (ischaemic stroke) and bleeding in the brain from a blood vessel (haemorrhagic stroke).
		The absolute risk of ischaemic stroke in women who smoke is about 1.5—2 times that in non-smokers; this risk is multiplied by a factor of 2—3 if such women are current users of combined oral contraceptives.
		The risk of ischaemic stroke in users of combined oral contraceptives containing high doses of estrogen is higher than that in users of combined oral contraceptives containing low doses of estrogen.
	www.reproline.jhu.edu /english/6read/6issues/6progress/prog46_c.htm (979 words)

	The Safety of Combined Oral Contraceptives - Ischaemic & Haemorrhagic Stroke Breast & Cervical Cancer
		The study included 703 cases of ischaemic stroke and 1083 of haemorrhagic stroke who were women aged 20-44 years without a history of thromboembolic events, pregnancy in the previous 3 weeks, natural or surgical menopause, recent surgery, or illness causing bed rest of > 1 week.
		The adjusted odds ratio for ischaemic stroke in users of combined oral contraceptives was 2.99 (95% confidence interval 1.65-5.40) in Europe and 2.93 (2.15-4.00) in developing countries.
		For ischaemic stroke the association between smoking and combined oral contraceptive use appeared to be synergistic.
	www.medsafe.govt.nz /Profs/PUarticles/contraceptivesAug97.htm (1658 words)

	Is impairment of ischaemic preconditioning by sulfonylurea drugs clinically important? -- Meier et al. 90 (1): 9 -- ...
		a reduction in ischaemic preconditioning by the sulfonylurea
		Limitation of infarct size in the rabbit by ischaemic preconditioning is reversible with glibenclamide.
		Sulfonylureas and ischaemic preconditioning; a double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of glimepiride and glibenclamide.
	heart.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/90/1/9 (2495 words)

	Alcohol and ischaemic stroke
		Alcohol has been found to prevent ischaemic heart disease (Bandolier 27), but the relationship between alcohol consumption and ischaemic stroke is more controversial.
		Furthermore, those who had consumed at least five drinks a day during their lifetime, but were currently drinking no more than two a day did not have a significantly increased risk of stroke (24 patients, 26 controls, odds ratio 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.31 to 1.41).
		The level of alcohol found to reduce the risk of ischaemic stroke, no more than two drinks a day, corresponds with that found to minimise mortality in men (between 11 and 15 drinks per week).
	www.jr2.ox.ac.uk /bandolier/booth/hliving/alcisstro.html (509 words)

	Lewis phenotypes, leisure time physical activity, and risk of ischaemic heart disease: an 11 year follow up in the ...
		ischaemic heart disease events would not have occurred.
		The cumulative incidence of a fatal ischaemic heart disease event was 107 (3.8%).
		Table 3 presents crude cumulative incidence rates of ischaemic heart disease and all causes of mortality, with age adjusted
	heart.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/85/2/159 (3372 words)

	Genetics and ischaemic stroke -- Hassan and Markus 123 (9): 1784 -- Brain
		Ischaemic stroke is a syndrome and not a single disease state.
		in acute ischaemic stroke and in the convalescent phase.
		Ischaemic stroke is a major cause of death and disability throughout
	brain.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/123/9/1784 (8619 words)

	Night time versus daytime transient ischaemic attack and ischaemic stroke: a prospective study of 110 patients -- ...
		A night time onset of transient ischaemic attack or stroke was reported by 23 (21%) of 110 patients.
		Ischaemic stroke, similar to myocardial infarction and sudden death, occurs most often after awakening in the morning hours.
		ischaemic attack and 65 with acute ischaemic stroke.
	jnnp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/67/4/463 (2770 words)

	Ischaemic tolerance in aged mouse myocardium: the role of adenosine and effects of A1 adenosine receptor overexpression ...
		Ischaemic tolerance in aged mouse myocardium: the role of adenosine and effects of A1 adenosine receptor overexpression -- Headrick et al.
		The time to ischaemic contracture (rise of 20 mmHg) was similar in young and aged hearts, whereas peak ischaemic contracture achieved was lower in aged vs.
		However, since an age-related difference in ischaemic tolerance persists in transgenic hearts, it is probable that factors additional to impaired adenosine-mediated cardioprotection play some role in the ischaemia-intolerant aged phenotype.
	jp.physoc.org /cgi/content/full/549/3/823 (5966 words)

	Antithrombolytics and stroke in AF [Dec 1999; 70-2]
		Because ischaemic and haemorrhagic strokes were not reliably distinguished in many of the trials, 'all strokes' was used as the main outcome.
		The mean duration was 1.6 years, the mean INR achieved was 2.0 to 2.9, the mean age was 69 years and 20% had a previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack.
		The mean duration was 2.2 years, the mean INR achieved was 2.2 to 3.1, the mean age was 71 years and 21% had a previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack.
	www.jr2.ox.ac.uk /bandolier/band70/b70-2.html (1051 words)

	Ischaemic damage of brain microvessels: inherent risks for thrombolytic treatment in stroke -- DEL ZOPPO et al. 65 (1): ...
		Ischaemic damage of brain microvessels: inherent risks for thrombolytic treatment in stroke -- DEL ZOPPO et al.
		Ischaemic damage of brain microvessels: inherent risks for thrombolytic treatment in stroke
		Blockade of IL-1 by exogenous IL-1ra in a rodent MCA occlusion
	jnnp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/65/1/1 (6844 words)

	Homocysteine and ischaemic stroke in men: the Caerphilly study -- Fallon et al. 55 (2): 91 -- Journal of Epidemiology ...
		Homocysteine and ischaemic stroke in men: the Caerphilly study -- Fallon et al.
		A total of 107 men had an ischaemic stroke and 2147 formed the comparison group.
		Homocysteine and ischaemic heart disease in the Caerphilly cohort.
	jech.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/55/2/91 (4007 words)

	Regional variation and time trends in mortality from ischaemic heart disease: East and West Germany 10 years after ...
		Figure 1 Age standardised mortality rates (all ages) from ischaemic heart disease per 100 000 (2000) according to state; the European standard population (1976) was used for standardisation.
		Mortality from ischaemic heart disease was mainly attributable
		incidence of ischaemic heart disease has to be taken into account.
	jech.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/58/6/481 (3287 words)

	Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA) - Patient UK
		A transient ischaemic attack (TIA) causes symptoms similar to a stroke - but they last less than 24 hours.
		A transient ischaemic attack (TIA) is a set of symptoms which last a short time, and is due to a temporary lack of blood to part of the brain.
		A TIA is usually caused by a tiny blood clot that becomes stuck in a small blood vessel (artery) in the brain.
	www.patient.co.uk /showdoc.asp?doc=23068981 (1620 words)

	Review: Thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke
		Despite this, thrombolytic therapy, administered up to six hours after ischaemic stroke, significantly reduced the proportion of patients who were dead or dependent (modified Rankin 3 to 6) at the end of follow-up (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.94).
		Acute ischaemic stroke is a major cause of death and disability worldwide.
		Patients with symptoms of large acute ischaemic stroke in the middle cerebral artery territory who could be randomised and start treatment within 6 hours of symptom onset; age > 18yrs, but no upper limit; CT scan mandatory prior to randomisation to exclude cerebral haemorrhage.
	www.dcn.ed.ac.uk /csrg/reviews/thromb.htm (13852 words)

	Thrombolysis in acute ischaemic stroke -- Pereira et al. 77 (905): 166 -- Postgraduate Medical Journal
		The primary deficit in acute ischaemic stroke is one of impaired blood flow.
		Ischaemic damage of brain microvessels: inherent risks for thrombolytic treatment in stroke [editorial].
		Lassen NA, Fieschi C, Lenzi G-L. Ischaemic penumbra and neuronal death: comments on the therapeutic window in acute stroke with particular reference to thrombolytic therapy.
	www.postgradmedj.com /cgi/content/full/77/905/166 (3624 words)

	Anticoagulants for acute ischaemic stroke (Cochrane Review)
		Background: Most ischaemic strokes are caused by blood clots blocking an artery in the brain.
		Although anticoagulant therapy was associated with about 9 fewer recurrent ischaemic strokes per 1000 patients treated (OR = 0.76; 95% CI 0.65 to 0.88), it was also associated with a similar sized 9 per 1000 increase in symptomatic intracranial haemorrhages (OR = 2.52; 95% CI 1.92 to 3.30).
		Authors' conclusions: Immediate anticoagulant therapy in patients with acute ischaemic stroke is not associated with net short- or long-term benefit.
	www.update-software.com /abstracts/ab000024.htm (523 words)

	the GASTROLAB Image Gallery: Ischaemic Colitis
		Ischaemic colitis can make a colonic lesion resembling Crohns disease.
		Atheromatous disease is the most frequent cause of ischaemic colitis, the other causes are cardiac disease, colonic surgery, diabetes mellitus and cardiac arrhytmias.
		An ischaemic lesion of the colon can be transient or progress to colonic gangrene.
	www.gastrolab.net /ku07.htm (85 words)

	Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and ischaemic heart disease: an evaluation of the evidence -- Law et al. 315 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and ischaemic heart disease: an evaluation of the evidence -- Law et al.
		of the risk of ischaemic heart disease in current cigarette smokers according to number of cigarettes smoked relative to never smokers (age standardised to age 65).
		Ischaemic heart disease and platelet aggregation: the Caerphilly collaborative heart disease study.
	www.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/315/7114/973 (6047 words)

	eMJA: Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in acute ischaemic stroke: time for collegiate communication and consensus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Additional data are still required for patients over the age of 80 years, but a recent audit from Canada is reassuring, with rates of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage in those over 80 years being comparable with rates reported in randomised trials.
		24 Additional data are also required for assessing the significance of early ischaemic changes on computed tomography (CT) scans, for determining optimal blood pressure management, and for interpreting the heterogeneity among studies in calculating the summary estimate of benefit for the 0–6-hour tPA trials.
		He is the co-principal investigator of the IST-3 trial evaluating tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischaemic stroke.
	www.mja.com.au /public/issues/180_12_210604/lev10120_fm.html (2514 words)

	Impact of diabetes mellitus on long-term survival in patients with congestive heart failure -- de Groote et al. 25 (8): ...
		HF was classified as ischaemic in 58% of cases versus 40% in
		An ischaemic aetiology was associated with an increased cardiovascular mortality in diabetic patients
		with an ischaemic aetiology, the proportion of ischaemic patients
	eurheartj.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/25/8/656 (3161 words)

	Exploring a fiscal food policy: the case of diet and ischaemic heart disease • Commentary: Alternative nutrition ...
		Current dietary patterns are partly responsible for the high risk of ischaemic heart disease in Britain, in particular among low income groups; these dietary patterns are reinforced by the material constraints of poverty
		The relation between diet, serum cholesterol concentrations, and ischaemic heart disease is relatively well understood.
		In populations, average cholesterol concentration predicts the incidence of ischaemic heart disease.
	www.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/320/7230/301 (2667 words)

	eMJA: Young et al, Sudden death due to ischaemic heart disease in young Aboriginal sportsmen in the Northern Territory, ...
		Despite subsequent mass screening of players and diagnosis of several cases of occult ischaemic and rheumatic heart disease, another football-related death occurred.
		Addendum: The results of this research have been of use already to one football league to support applications for funding for mass screening and an education program for footballers, and for a set of floodlights to enable play at night and thus reduce heat and humidity stress.
		Markey P. The prevalence of ischaemic and rheumatic heart disease and risk factors in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal footballers [thesis].
	www.mja.com.au /public/issues/may3/young/young.html (2906 words)

	Effects of Pringle manoeuvre and ischaemic preconditioning on haemodynamic stability in patients undergoing elective ...
		Effects of Pringle manoeuvre and ischaemic preconditioning on haemodynamic stability in patients undergoing elective hepatectomy: a randomized trial -- Choukèr et al.
		When patients were randomly assigned to ischaemic preconditioning (10 min of portal clamping followed by 10 min of reperfusion) before the Pringle manoeuvre for resection, additional time intervals during (T2) and after ischaemic preconditioning (T3) were included.
		Pre-treatment of the liver by ischaemic preconditioning attenuates
	bja.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/93/2/204 (2913 words)

	Consultants Special Interests - Region: NY. Keyword: ischaemic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Cardiology, Heart failure, ischaemic heart disease, angina, hypertension, angiograms, angioplasty, pacemakers
		Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ischaemic heart disease, reconstructive mitral valve surgery, coronary artery bypass grafting
		General Medicine, Cardiology, ischaemic heart disease, heart failure, coronary angiography
	www.specialistinfo.com /siget.php?path=rrsi/NYischaemic (157 words)

	Chapter 7: Stroke - Cardiovascular Diseases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		There is no evidence that thrombolytic therapy in the acute phase of ischaemic stroke reduces mortality, morbidity or the risk of clinically important complications such as pulmonary embolism (excess mortality within the first two weeks – odds ratio 1.99; 95% CI: 1.56, 2.53 and during follow-up odds ratio 1.36; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.62).
		There is no clear evidence of benefit from anticoagulation of patients not in atrial fibrillation with acute non-embolic ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (odds ratio for death or dependency 0.83; 95% CI: 0.52, 1.34).
		Further trials to assess the differential and combination effects of aspirin and anticoagulation in both the acute phase and secondary prevention of non-haemorrhagic stroke in patients not in atrial fibrillation are required.
	hebw.uwcm.ac.uk /cardio/chapter7.html (4131 words)

	Fibrinogen predicts ischaemic stroke and advanced atherosclerosis but not echolucent, rupture-prone carotid plaques: ...
		Fibrinogen predicts ischaemic stroke and advanced atherosclerosis but not echolucent, rupture-prone carotid plaques: The Copenhagen City Heart Study -- Kofoed et al.
		Study 1: Fibrinogen as a risk factor for ischaemic stroke was investigated prospectively in the Copenhagen City Heart Study cohort.
		ischaemic heart disease from the Copenhagen City Heart Study.
	eurheartj.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/24/6/567 (3238 words)

	Relation between hormone replacement therapy and ischaemic heart disease in women: prospective observational study -- ...
		The incidence of ischaemic heart disease is declining in the developing world, although it is still the leading cause of death.
		During the observation period there were 971 deaths and 351 cases of ischaemic heart disease (46 fatal and 305 non-fatal).
		Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for risk of death, first ever episode of ischaemic heart disease, and first ever myocardial infarction until end of 1998 according to use of hormone replacement therapy at baseline in 1993.
	bmj.com /cgi/content/full/326/7386/426 (3159 words)

	VALVE DISEASE: Interface between valve disease and ischaemic heart disease -- Iung 84 (3): 347 -- Heart
		Acute ischaemic mitral regurgitation is caused by rupture of the papillary muscle occurring at the acute phase of myocardial
		Most problems in managing ischaemic mitral regurgitation are encountered in patients with chronic ischaemic mitral regurgitation.
		The treatment of moderate ischaemic mitral regurgitation (grade 2) is a matter of debate.
	www.heartjnl.com /cgi/content/full/84/3/347 (3887 words)

	Suspected angina pectoris: a rapid-access chest pain clinic -- Dougan et al. 94 (12): 679 -- QJM
		ischaemic heart disease group, there was also one sudden death
		Of the patients with possible ischaemic heart disease, 62% were
		Direct access exercise electrocardiography: a new service that improves the management of suspected ischaemic heart disease in the community.
	qjmed.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/94/12/679 (3376 words)

	Preventing ischaemic heart disease in one general practice: from one patient, through clinical audit, needs assessment, ...
		Preventing ischaemic heart disease in one general practice: from one patient, through clinical audit, needs assessment, and commissioning into quality improvement • Commentary: Clinical and economic perspectives have to be integrated when selecting priorities for intervention -- Pringle and Jones 317 (7166): 1120 -- BMJ
		Preventing ischaemic heart disease in one general practice: from one patient, through clinical audit, needs assessment, and commissioning into quality improvement
		Pharoah P, Hollingworth W. Cost effectiveness of lowering cholesterol concentration with statins in patients with and without pre-existing coronary heart disease: life table method applied to health authority population.
	bmj.com /cgi/content/full/317/7166/1120 (3803 words)

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