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	Bulgaria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bulgaria was a significant European power in the 9th and the 10th century, while fighting with the Byzantine Empire for the control of the Balkans.
		Bulgaria joined NATO on 29 March 2004 and is set to join the European Union on 1 January 2007 after signing the Treaty of Accession on 25 April 2005.
		Islam came to Bulgaria at the end of the 14th century after the conquest of the country by the Ottomans.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bulgaria (1634 words)

	Volga Bulgaria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Volga Bulgaria or Volga-Kama Bolghar, is a historic state that existed between the 7th and 13th centuries around the confluence of the Volga and Kama rivers in what is now the Russian Federation.
		Today, Republics of Tatarstan and Chuvashia are considered to be descendants of Bulgaria in terms of territory and ethnicity.
		Thenceforth Volga Bulgaria became a part of the Ulus Jochi, later known as the Golden Horde.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Volga_Bulgaria (595 words)

	Bulgaria Religion
		Tolerance of Islam, however, remained problematic under all forms of government because of that religion's historical identification with the occupation and subjugation of Bulgaria.
		From 1949 until 1989, religion in Bulgaria was mainly controlled by the Law on Religious Organizations, which enumerated the limitations on the constitution's basic separation of church and state.
		The former predominated in northern Bulgaria and the latter in the south.
	www.country-studies.com /bulgaria/religion.html (2149 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : Islam in Bulgaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Bulgaria, a country of rich farm lands, spectacular mountain ranges, and a meandering coast of crowded resorts and deserted beaches, is both the cradle of Balkan Islam and the homeland of Slavic Christianity.
		Bulgaria's capital, Sofia, is a sprawling city of one million inhabitants, picturesquely set at the foot of snow-topped Mt. Vitosha.
		Whatever the origin of Islam in Sveta Petka—and in scores of Bulgarian-speaking villages in the Rhodope Mountains and adjoining regions in Bulgaria, Northern Greece, and ex-Yugoslav Macedonia—the hospitality offered by Ali and his family is quintessentially Muslim.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/199403/islam.in.bulgaria.htm (2950 words)

	Encyclopedia: Islam in Bulgaria
		The Muslim population of Bulgaria, including Turks, Muslim Bulgarians, Gypsies, and Tatars, lives mainly in northeastern Bulgaria and in the Rhodope Mountains.
		Most of the Bulgarian Muslims are Sunni Muslims as Sunni Islam was the form of Islam promoted by the Ottoman Turks during their five-century rule of Bulgaria (see History of Bulgaria).
		The Muslim hierarchy was headed by one chief mufti and eight regional muftis, interpreters of Muslim law, all of whom served five-year terms.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Islam-in-Bulgaria (481 words)

	Bulgaria. Everything you wanted to know about Bulgaria but had no clue how to find it.. Learn about Bulgaria here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		World War II, Bulgaria found itself fighting on the losing side.Despite that fact - during the World War II Bulgaria saved its 50,000 Jews with the 31st August 1943 resolution and they were not sent to death camps.
		Bulgaria joined NATO on March 29, 2004 and is set to join the
		Volga Bulgaria is also a historic state that existed in 10-14th centuries around the confluence of
	encyclopedia.lockergnome.com /s/b/Bulgaria (1287 words)

	Religioscope: Bulgaria: Muslim infighting fuels fundamentalist fears
		In the wake of the September 11 attacks on the United States and the subsequent wave of bombings linked to Islamic militants worldwide, the Bulgarian media seized on the allegations of fundamentalism and the perceived threat from extremists, sparking an often-panicked debate on the degree of Islamic influence in the country.
		Bulgaria’s Muslim community is one million-strong and comprises just over 12 per cent of the 7.9 million population, according to the 2001 census.
		Bulgaria’s transition to democracy brought a new approach to the Muslim minority.
	religion.info /english/articles/article_103.shtml (3552 words)

	G.Genoff:Volgo-Kama Bulgaria in the Middle Ages
		At the time of it's bloom the Protomongol' Bulgaria becomes the strongest state in the Volga Region, whose welfare was ensured due to its advantageous geographical position at the intersection of aqueous and land commercial ways, and also because of the abundance of fertile soils.
		Bulgaria during this period protrudes as the conductor of Islam for the adjacent peoples of Mordvy, Votyaks, Bashkirs.
		Afterward the crushing defeat of Bulgaria the culture heritage of this great people are the Chuvashy, which are considered from the science and from themselves as descendants of Proto-Bulgarian ethnos.
	web.orbitel.bg /classica/bulgar.htm (1427 words)

	Mosques
		Archeological studies have shown that Islam existed in Bulgaria three centuries before its conquest by the Ottomans.
		For almost five centuries (482 years), Islamic rule of Bulgaria continued, until the year 1878 when the army of Russian Tsar Akexnder II defeated the weakened and unprovisioned Ottoman army.
		Today many of these mosques have been changed into museums, restaurants or dancehalls after their form was changed by the removal of minarets or domes, like for example the mosque of Starazaghora, one of the early mosques of Plovdiv.
	www.abvg.net /Sacred/Islam.html (791 words)

	Nationalities Papers, Vol
		The first one, "Aspects of the Ethnocultural Situation in Bulgaria," is a two-volume compendium of proceedings of sen-iinars, co-organized in Sofia by the Centre for the Study of Democracy and the Friedrich Nauman Foundation (8-10 November 1991, 21-23 February 1992).
		Normally, imams in Bulgaria are graduates of the Islamic institute in Sofia or one of the three Muslim high schools in Razgrad, Rousse and Kirdjali.
		One of the largest concentrations of Turkish population in Southern Bulgaria is adjacent to the border with Turkey.
	faculty-staff.ou.edu /N/Petya.I.Nitzova-1/bulgaria.html (4493 words)

	Islam Review - Presented by The Pen vs. the Sword Featured Articles . . . Islam: the Facade, the Facts The rosy picture ...
		Islam: the Facade, the Facts The rosy picture some Muslims are painting about their religion, and the truth they try to hide.
		It is to demonstrate that the fundamental teachings of Islam are incompatible with the Christian faith, and the American way of life.
		This is the goal behind the course on Islam that is currently being taught to the 7th graders in the California public school system and other schools around the country.
	www.islamreview.com (948 words)

	Bulgaria News
		Bulgaria's outgoing Prime Minister Simeon Saxe-Coburg Gotha on Wednesday dropped his ambition to retain his post in the next Bulgarian government in order to break a gridlock in talks with the Socialists on its...
		Bulgaria's HVB Bank Biochim, part of HVB Group, said Wednesday its Jan.-Apr. pre-tax profit increased by BGN 4.6 million or 60% from end-March to leva 14.6 million.
		Bulgaria's blue chip index SOFIX fell by 0.2% to 748.27 points Thursday and the broad BG40 index rose by 0.5% to 107.76 points amidst lack-luster trade dominated by the shares of the Bulgarian...
	www.topix.net /world/bulgaria (1167 words)

	Holy War, Jihad : Fundamentalism, Crusades, Jews, Christians, Minority, Minorities, Allah, God, Islam, Moslems, ...
		Islam is spreading today for the same reasons it spread rapidly in the past.
		The Muslims in Bulgaria, for example, were very active in protecting Jewish groups from persecution, and King Hussein V of Morocco refused to hand over his Jewish subjects to the Vichy government in France.
		Islam is not a threat to the West.
	home.att.net /~a.f.aly/jihad.htm (4322 words)

	Bulgaria Under Ottoman Domination 1336
		Prime importance was accorded to Islam (the word means obedience, submissiveness) - to that last offshoot of monotheism, which had become a world religion.
		That was a process similar to the "enclosures" in 16th and 17th century England as a result of which the land was expropriated from the peasants who became hired hands to the new owners or joined the urban plebs.
		This was an epoch of the re-creation of Bulgaria, known as the Bulgarian national revival.
	www.geocities.com /nbulgaria/bulgaria/ottomans.htm (2454 words)

	Chronology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		February 18, 1999: Bulgaria’s parliament ratified a resolution for the protection of minorities, while also adopting another document stating that the ratification "by no means sanctions activities harming the territorial integrity and sovereignty of the unified Bulgarian state, its internal and international security," indicating that Bulgaria would not accept any degree of separatism.
		He claimed that Turkey would rather increase investment in southeast and northeast Bulgaria, where most of the country's ethnic Turks live, than lessen the tight visa regime for these Turks that was put into place due to their migration that resulted from poverty and unemployment.
		October 16, 1999: Bulgaria held a first round of municipal elections that, according to a spokesman for the electoral commission, had a turnout rate of 45 percent, the lowest turnout rate since Bulgaria’s first democratic elections in 1990.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/mar/data/bulturkchro.htm (7340 words)

	Volga Bulgaria Silver of the 10th-14th centuries - Transoxiana Eran ud Aneran
		Volga Bulgaria silver is one of the brightest phenomena of the Middle Age European culture.
		Volga Bulgaria - a state that was formed at the confluence of the rivers Volga and Kama in the 10
		Volga Bulgaria is considered to have been "one of the most economically developed states of Eastern Europe" (Belavin, 2000, p.7).
	www.transoxiana.org /Eran/Articles/fedorova.html (3267 words)

	Bulgaria Islam - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, ...
		The Muslim population of Bulgaria, including Turks, Pomaks, Gypsies, and Tatars, lived mainly in northeastern Bulgaria and in the Rhodope Mountains.
		Most were Sunni Muslims (see Glossary) because Sunni Islam had been more widely promoted by the Ottoman Turks when they ruled Bulgaria.
		This justified repression of Muslim beliefs and consolidation of Muslim into the larger society as part of the class and ideological struggle.
	www.photius.com /countries/bulgaria/society/bulgaria_society_islam.html (390 words)

	Bush (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		My country Bulgaria is ready to shoulder its part of the responsibility as a future ally.
		Bulgaria maintains excellent relations with its neighbours and the Bulgarian ethnic model sets an example in the region.
		Situated on the borderlione between Christianity and Islam, Bulgaria is not in Europe’s periphery, security-wise.
	www.bulgaria-embassy.org /Latest%20News/Current/Sofia%20Summit/Bush.htm (2040 words)

	[No title]
		"With its more than 500 investment projects in Bulgaria, BAEF is carrying on its investment activity and is planning to increase the size of its investments in Bulgarian enterprises, despite the difficulties into which the country is running at the moment," he added.
		He believes that Islam should not be regarded as a hostile religion, but any attempt to use it as a basis for political separatism should be resisted.
		Supporters of Together for Bulgaria from all over the country have been sending in messages saying that the left- wing candidates Pirinski and Marazov had been denied registration as part of a political order aimed to eliminate Georgi Pirinski from the presidential race.
	www.b-info.com /places/Bulgaria/news/96-08/aug30.bta (2759 words)

	"Bulgaria, Filippino Nationals Held in Iraq"
		Bulgaria's foreign minister rules out changes in Iraq policy after two of its nationals are taken hostage.
		Reuters - Bulgaria confirmed on Sunday that two Bulgarian truck drivers taken hostage in Iraq were still alive after a Friday execution deadline expired.
		Bulgaria anxiously waits for news of a Bulgarian hostage in Iraq after the deadline for his execution passed.
	www.stargeek.com /item/189708.html (201 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Features \| Finding Islam
		The first thing the grand mufti of Bulgaria told me after I stepped in his office was that he was 40 years old.
		The grand mufti stressed that Bulgaria is in Europe, in the West.
		Geographically Bulgaria is poised at the eastern rim of "the West" and the western rim of "the East." It has all the possibilities and all the pitfalls of its borderland position.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2001/552/feature.htm (2708 words)

	IIZ/DVV - News
		The text is structured in three chapters: Chapter one “Islam — Past and Present” introduces the history of the Islam as a religion, its main postulates and the formation of the Muslim communities.
		The training brought together adult educators, NGO representatives, and institutes’ education departments to participate in training dealing with the issues of prejudices, their origins and ways of overcoming the negative stereotyping.
		El Batoul Zembib from Odysseee, Netherlands joined the training and her contribution in providing feedback on the training structure and input in the discussions was well appreciated by all.
	www.iiz-dvv.de /englisch/aktuelles/Tum/Bulgariensummary.htm (772 words)

	Islam by country - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Important note: There is currently no exact mechanism in place anywhere around the world for counting religious denomination membership with precision.
		Articles about Islam in Brazil, Mexico, Cuba, Panama, and Ecuador
		This page was last modified 05:38, 13 July 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Islam_by_country (305 words)

	Bilbliographies-Balkan Muslims
		"Bulgaria and ethnic tensions in the Balkans," Mediterranean Quarterly, 2 (1):88-98.
		"The Yuruks and the ethnic self-determination of the Turkish population in the region of Devin (the villages of Borino and Giovren." In The Ethnic Situation in Bulgaria, pp.
		Islam in the balkans: Religion and Society between Europe and the Arab World.
	academic.wsc.edu /faculty/alemino1/biblios-pomaks.html (5744 words)

	Adherents.com
		The earliest defters, from 1468/9, show that Islam had established only a toehold in the first few years after conquest: in the eare of east and central Bosnia which they cover, 37,125 households were Christian and only 332 were Muslim.
		Handzic also demonstrate that catholics were more likely, understandably enough, to convert to Islam the further away they lived from Catholic churches.
		Islam in modern Bosnia evolved into a tolerant form with some practices diverging sharply from what is considered orthodoxy in other Islam countries.
	www.adherents.com /Na/Na_332.html (2818 words)

	Definition of Bulgaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Bulgaria joined NATO on March 29, 2004 and is set to join the European Union on January 1, 2007.
		Bulgaria has 3 major national parks and many reservation areas.
		The list of authors can be found here.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Bulgaria (1145 words)

	Local Government and Public Service Reform Initiative (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In the second of two articles on radical Islam in Bulgaria, we investigate the Koranic schools that operate in semi-legality in Surnitsa, Ustina, and Delchevo.
		We found that the mosques in Bisertsi and Todorovo were fully funded by Al Waqf, that in Brenitsa Aziz bought a house and converted it into a house of prayer, and that in Stefan Karadzha the foundation donated a modest sum for a mosque whose construction had already started.
		Gendzhev is the former chief mufti of Bulgaria, and is currently appealing a recent judgment by the Sofia city court which appointed an interim management for the Muslim community, consisting of Fikri Sali, Ridvam Kadyov, and Osman Ismailov.
	lgi.osi.hu /documents.php?id=399 (3353 words)

	Islamset - Political Entities in Western Islamic World
		Trade played an important positive role in uniting the world of Islam and in spreading its religion, language and civilization beyond its borders by good example.
		The expansion of Islam into all countries of the world is attributable to those traders and others of the unknown soldiers of Allah, travellers.
		The Ottoman Sultans undertook the spreading of Islam and its defense; one very obvious example is the martyrdom of Bayazid Al Sa'iqa while defending Damascus against the invading Mongols after the spread of Islam in Bulgaria and Italy.
	www.islamset.com /islam/civil/entiti.html (618 words)

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