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Topic: Islam in France

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	France's Wake-Up Call
		The most vocal advocate of Wahhabism in France is Tariq Ramadan, a Swiss philosophy teacher who happens to be the grandson of Hassan Al Banna, the founder of the Muslim Brotherhood.
		And it is not a coincidence that the biggest wave of violent anti-Semitism in Europe is occurring in France, triggered by Muslims.
		France has had its wake-up call; if it just hits the snooze button and goes back to sleep, then a Muslim Coup d’Etat is in the offing.
	www.frontpagemag.com /Articles/Printable.asp?ID=11445 (951 words)

	Islam in France - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In France, Islam is particularly present in populous suburbs.
		Islam in France is subject to strong foreign influences.
		According to the RG head, Pascal Mailhos, the influence of radical Islamism in the 2005 civil unrest in France was nil.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Islam_in_France (4393 words)

	Islam in France: The French Way of Life Is in Danger - Middle East Quarterly
		But Islam as a role model is growing, for it offers the best and closest example of a "living religion": a religion that appears quite close to Christianity in some terminology, that serves the masses and the elites alike, and whose adherents really believe in God and His law.
		His strategy to check Islam's growth is apparently a strict enforcement of laicite, the separation of church and state, while rebuilding Catholicism from within; for example, he has despaired of the standard Catholic seminaries and set up parallel, more conservative training colleges for the clergy.
		France has an extremely generous naturalization policy, one that permits all legal residents to apply for citizenship after five years in France and every child born on French soil to apply for citizenship, even if his parents are in the country illegally.
	www.meforum.org /article/337 (5690 words)

	France and Islam from 732 AD to the 21 Century
		France invaded the Islamic nation of Tunisia in 1881 and occupied Morocco in 1901.
		One reason for France's support of Islamic terrorist groups and nations could be its large Muslim population with a total approaching five million adherents which is second only to a residual culture of Roman Catholicism with about 45 million nominal followers.
		Even as France forbids the wearing of religious garb and blatant symbols in public buildings and schools (law enforced as of Sept. 2004), this is only an effort to secularize the surface of Islam while still courting the heart.
	www.hyperhistory.net /apwh/essays/cot/t12w11franceislam.htm (2246 words)

	Islam in France
		Ninety-two percent agreed in an IFOP survey that Islam condemns terrorist acts and the same number said the hijackers were not legitimately Muslim "because Islam is a religion of peace and moderation." Seventy percent also approved of French participation in an eventual military response, only slightly lower than support among the overall French population.
		Indeed it was in the context of formally expressing gratitude to 100,000 Muslim soldiers who had died for France in WWI that the Grande Mosquée de Paris and Muslim Institute were founded in 1922, in contravention of the 1905 law.
		Reacting to the October 6 soccer match in Le Monde, the Algerian ambassador to France argued that the French state was equally responsible for the alienation of second-generation migrant youth, and called for their prompt social and political incorporation.
	www.brook.edu /fp/cusf/analysis/islam.htm (2036 words)

	Islam in France: The French Have Themselves to Blame - Middle East Quarterly
		In the nineteenth century, population pressures in France generated emigration of displaced peasants to Paris, where, underpaid or unemployed, they contributed to the chronic unrest of the French capital.
		The crackdown of urban guerrilla cells during the spring of 1994 did not prevent the wave of violence that took place in mid-1995, for the fighters are immersed like fishes in the water in the Arab enclaves bordering the larger cities.
		To develop a "French Islam" that is compatible with the French concept of laïcité, the authorities in January 1994 established the Institute of Theology at Nievre, which aims at promoting a "secular Islam" and at educating French-born imams to replace those brought from abroad.
	www.meforum.org /article/338 (3685 words)

	Islam in France
		France is a country with a population of 60 million where Churches and State are separated since 1905, which means, among other things, that asking people about their religious affiliation in a population census is forbidden.
		The major phenomenon within French Islam is undoubtedly the emergence of a mass movement which affirms a strictly orthodox outlook, adhering to the Shariah and Sunnah, and which wants to adapt it both to modernity and to life in the West.
		An oddity in the spectrum of the Indian Subcontinent’s Islam in France is the existence of a branch of the Ahmadiyya, located in Saint-Prix, north of Paris.
	www.ict.org.il /articles/articledet.cfm?articleid=514 (10099 words)

	Islam in France : the Shaping of a religious minority
		Rancor toward Islam runs yet higher because its arrival inflames old passions that have long simmered beneath the surface of «Laicite.» Laicite refers to the uneasy compromise that French people have made between the letter of the Law of Separation of State and Churches and its peculiar implementation within French culture.
		Hence, the rise of Islam in France and, more broadly speaking, within the democratic context, might be better understood as a consequence of Muslims’ self-perception as a religious minority within a plural society, rather than as the outcome of international fundamentalist influences.
		Having finally taken notice, these sociologists and their colleagues in political science [5] have misconstrued the increasing visibility of Muslims and their institutions as a sign that Islam is a phenomenon unto itself, impervious to those powerful secularizing [6] forces that have been shaping French life for generations.
	www.libertysecurity.org /article234.html (8649 words)

	Middle East Report 235: The Republic’s “Second Religion”: Recognizing Islam in France, by Mayanthi ...
		After a Ministry of the Interior census of France’s Muslim places of worship, 992 of them were accorded delegates—about 4,000 in all—to vote for the general assembly of what was to become the French Council of the Muslim Faith.
		Likewise, the state has time and again designated the Grand Mosque of Paris as the privileged representative of Islam in France, in spite of the fact that the mosque’s rector is remunerated by the Algerian government (hence the widespread feeling among many French Muslims that Dalil Boubakeur is a mouthpiece for the Algerian state).
		The division of Islam in France along national lines is not restricted to North African Islam; the other federations that comprise the CFCM include the Turkish DITIB and Milli Gorüs, and the French Federation of African, Comorian and Antillean Associations.
	www.merip.org /mer/mer235/fernando.html (3291 words)

	Islam à la française ? - Islam in Europe - MSNBC.com
		France, along with other countries across Europe, is eager to limit its dependence on foreign imams.
		In 2004, at a time when the Interior Ministry estimated that perhaps two-thirds of France's imams were not citizens, the government began expelling foreign clerics judged to be preaching hate.
		The government financed the construction of the mosque in 1926 as a gesture of thanks to Muslims from France's colonies who fought for the then-colonial power in World War I. The complex, just across the street from the Jardin des Plantes in southeast Paris, is the oldest mosque in France.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/12812201 (1015 words)

	Islam & Muslims in Europe *)
		Musulmans et Républicains: les jeunes, l’islam et la France, (Muslims and the Republic: Youth, Islam and France.) Brussels: Complexe, 1998.
		"Islam in France: The Shaping of a Religious Minority", Yvonne Yazbeck- Haddad (ed.) Muslims in the West, from Sojourners to Citizens, Oxford University Press, 2002 pp.
		“Islam in France: Social Challenge or Challenge of Secularism ?”;, in Vertovec, S and Rogers, A (eds,) European Muslim Youth, Reproducing Religion, Ethnicity and Culture, London, Ashgate, 1998, pp.
	euro-islam.info /pages/cesari.html (1135 words)

	Islam Online- News Section (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The critical spirit should be introduced to the sacred part of Islam and – the second condition – the religion should jettison its social side marked with the absence of equality, according to the French writer.
		Zarka attributed the problems triggered by Islam in the European state to the fact that the Islamic community is a heavyweight with 5-6 million members of the overall 61-million population.
		But he said the problem is that many of the French people fear Islam and Muslims because they do not know much about them, and that Muslims feel they are being suspected and disdained by others in the country only because of their religion.
	www.islamonline.net /English/News/2004-03/12/article03.shtml (837 words)

	TCS Daily - France's War on Islam...and Islam's War on Itself
		If the speech of the Mufti of Jerusalem is acknowledged by a significant number of Muslims it is possible that France, without wanting it and even without realizing it, is the second Western country to be involved in a war against Islam in the 21st century -- the first being the US after 9/11.
		It is wrong to call Jacques Chirac "an enemy of Islam." It was, after all, Jacques Chirac who blocked any reference to the Judeo-Christian roots of Europe in the European constitution and who romanticized the coming of the Muslims in Europe.
		Regardless of whether France is at war against Islam the fact is that Islam is at war with itself.
	www.tcsdaily.com /article.aspx?id=030204E (1044 words)

	LTG: How France Has Fallen
		France is probably the worst affected of all western nations by immigration, since it is on the brink of losing its European identity to the insistent Muslims increasing in numbers within French borders.
		France should be seen as a cautionary tale of immigration run amok, and how quickly things get out of control.
		Muslim immigration to France is a post-war phenomenon for the most part: just of few decades of high immigration of a group with high fertility has put France in the unenviable position of being the European nation thought most likely to be the first to introduce sharia (Islamic) law.
	www.limitstogrowth.org /WEB-text/france-immigration.html (3437 words)

	French Islam Wins Officially Recognized Voice
		By ELAINE SCIOLINO http://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/14/international/europe/14FRAN.html ÉVRY, France, April 13 — For Karima Debza, an Algerian-born mother of three and a volunteer in the local mosque, casting her vote today is a symbolic step toward promoting the rights of Muslim women in the workplace.
		In France, anyone can declare himself the head of a mosque or prayer room and preach to a congregation.
		Among the government's goals is to educate a new generation of French-speaking imams or prayer leaders within France, and eventually replace those who come from abroad.
	www.islamawareness.net /Europe/France/officialy.html (848 words)

	Assilimation, Islam in France: The French Way of Life is in Danger
		Assilimation, Islam in France: The French Way of Life is in Danger
		"Islam did not emerge as one of the major faiths of France before the second half of the twentieth century, long after the 1905 law.
		22 Notably the Council for the Future of Islam in France (Corif), the National Coordination of French Muslims (CNMF), the Representative Council of French Muslims (CRMF), and the Muslim High Council of France (HCMF), all created under the aegis of the minister of interior.
	www.mnforsustain.org /immg_islam_in_france_gurfinkiel_m.htm (5765 words)

	Islam Online- News Section (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Several TV programs on Islam and Muslims also proved to be a must-see and received due attention from the French.
		One of the schoolgirls shaved her head to protest the ban on hijab, which is considered in Islam as obligatory and not a mere religious symbol.
		The year 2004 also witnessed a semantic battle in France regarding the use of the term “Islamophobia” to refer to religious discrimination and harassment against Muslims.
	www.islamonline.net /English/News/2004-12/27/article03.shtml (938 words)

	Embassy of France in the US - France/Religions/Secularism
		Visit to France of His Holiness Pope John-Paul II : Speech by Jacques Chirac, President of the Republic.
		Representative Council of Jewish Institutions in France : Speech by Dominique de Villepin, Minister of Foreign Affairs to the CRIF
		Twentieth annual meeting of the Union of France's Islamic Organizations: Speech by Nicolas Sarkozy, Minister of the Interior, Internal Security and Local Freedoms
	www.ambafrance-us.org /news/statmnts/2004/religions.asp (190 words)

	Islam in France - Islamic Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		What france is challening as a society against religions in regards to this whole headscraf thing is very weak in reality...
		i mean france is all image when it comes to acting up so many jews left france claiming that there police did nothing when arabic kids attacked there properties, i agree, they never do anything when it comes to open violances.
		First, girls are forced to take off the hijab in schools, then Muslim immigrants are attacked with petrol bombs in Corsica (see story p 16), and now Muslim nursery/primary schoolchildren are being told that in order to eat in the school canteen, they must take non-halal meat as part of their meal.
	www.gawaher.com /index.php?showtopic=2098 (3436 words)

	LP: 2004 “Year of Islam” in France
		At recommendations from French Interior Minister Dominique de Villepin, imams are now required to study a miscellany of subjects on Islam and the history of secularism in France as a part of a government initiative to help train them.
		"In reality Islam is a revolutionary ideology and programme which seeks to alter the social order of the whole world and rebiuld it in conformity with its own tenets and ideals...
		Islam wishes to destroy all States and Governments anywhere on the face of the earth which are opposed to the ideology and programme of Islam..." -- From Sayeed Abdul A'la Maududi, Jihad in Islam
	www.libertypost.org /cgi-bin/readart.cgi?ArtNum=79553 (2193 words)

	FOXNews.com - Riots Might Lead to Militant Islam in France - U.S. & World
		Almost no one believes radical Islam was a trigger for the rioting that began three weeks ago.
		French Interior Minister Nicolas Sarkozy —; whose aggressive handling of the riots has been applauded by much of France, even as his tough talk against rioters generated resentment in poor housing projects —; singled out two enemies in his battle to regain control of largely immigrant neighborhoods.
		Experts say the terror threat remains strong even though France opposed the war in Iraq, because anger among Islamists here is directed at Western society and many Muslims were deeply offended by France's ban on head scarves in public schools.
	www.foxnews.com /story/0,2933,176053,00.html (1228 words)

	Islam in France and French Muslims
		03/01/04 Muslims in France and Europe in general - The Daily Star, Bangladesh
		06/05/03 France Envisions a Citizenry of Model Muslims
		20/04/03 A Muslim in the Middle in France
	www.islamawareness.net /Europe/France (278 words)

	islam-cv
		An interdisciplinary approach of the relationship between France and Islam as religion, civilization and cultural representations and practices.
		(1) The literary, artistic and ideological images and perceptions of Islam in France from the Middle Ages to the contemporary period;
		(3) The social, political, and religious issues raised by immigration and the confrontation between laïcité, secular culture and the diverse manifestations of Islam in today's France.
	www.georgetown.edu /faculty/laudep/islam-cv.htm (820 words)

	Islam in France (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The purpose of this webpage is to inform people about Islam in France.
		Much of the French government fears the growing population of Islamic fundamentalists in their country.
		Hopefully, this page will help students, and whoever else looks at this site, better understand the controversial events that are currently unfolding in France.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /~cedeleo/politicspage (75 words)

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