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Topic: Islam in Iran

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	Iran Shia Islam
		Although Shias have lived in Iran since the earliest days of Islam, and there was one Shia dynasty in part of Iran during the tenth and eleventh centuries, it is believed that most Iranians were Sunnis until the seventeenth century.
		From the time that Twelver Shia Islam emerged as a distinct religious denomination in the early ninth century, its clergy, or ulama, have played a prominent role in the development of its scholarly and legal tradition; however, the development of a distinct hierarchy among the Shia clergy dates back only to the early nineteenth century.
		The Ismailis were very numerous and active in Iran from the eleventh to the thirteenth century; they are known in history as the "Assassins" because of their practice of killing political opponents.
	www.country-studies.com /iran/shia-islam.html (3531 words)

	ISLAM in Iran
		Although Islam is a Semitic religion akin to Judaism and Christianity, it had a profound appeal to the Persian mind and soul and soon after its rise became the dominant religion of the country.
		Islam is essentially divided into two branches, the Sunni and the Shiite, the first group comprising the great majority.The difference between the two arose historically over the question of who should have succeeded the Prophet of Islam upon his death.
		Bahaism is thus no longer a form of Islam and in fact the more it has moved away from Persia the more it has rejected Persian modes of thought and adopted a European humanism foreign to the Islamic and Persian religious perspectives.
	www.irantour.org /Iran/religion/ISLAM.html (1353 words)

	Worker-communist Party of Iran - Islam is Part of the 'Lumpenism' in Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In Iran, we do not have a large-scale social and national movement of enlightened intellectuals loudly proclaiming, 'we do not have a religion; we are atheists,' whereas Europe was full of intellectual giants who stood up to the powerful church and expressed their views.
		Probably, if Islam allows a woman to go to school with a knee-length skirt or to become a judge as long as she does not speak of her sexuality, then Islam is modern from their point of view.
		Islam has no place in what I call modern (in fact this word is also relative) nor in the society that I would like to live or in the modernism that I think we deserve.
	www.wpiran.org /publications/nader_on_islam.htm (1863 words)

	From Political Islam to Secular Nationalism
		The reason Islam had mass appeal was the promise by Khomeini that equality, the rule of law and freedom from foreign domination would be protected under an Islamic republic.
		Iran is now hosting a lively debate about the appropriateness of Islam as a political ideology and the place of religion in the state.
		Indeed, because Islam was imported to Iran, it is not as central to Iranian identity as it is to Arab identity.
	www.iranian.com /Jan96/Opinion/SecularNationalism.html (892 words)

	The Lonely Canadian: Iran And Islam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The nexus between Islam and Iran is a complex one.
		Iran’s label as Islamic deserves attention – its validity as an Islamic state, is problematic. “As far as public law for the administration of an Islamic state is concerned, one can draw upon early Islamic history and tradition regarding service for forms of achieving political ideas of Islam”.
		Iran, with a 75% post-Revolution-born population that is weary of the “appropriateness of Islam as a political ideology”, is not completely characterized by an Islamic socio-cultural environment.
	www.lonelycanuck.com /2006/02/iran-and-islam.html (4244 words)

	Iran & Political Islam - Persian Journal Article Latest Iran news & Iranian newspaper articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Iran was chosen to be the first to fall prey into this trap; since the country had all the hallmarks of experiencing Islam as a political power.
		This meant that the policy makers killed two birds with one stone: political Islam would be exposed, just as the communism did previously, on an international scale and also the former foes of the eastern bloc would be realigned with the western ideals of democracy.
		This is because although political Islam never ruled Iran prior to 1979 revolution but ruled the very fabrics of the Iranian society, by having imposed a myriad of ridiculous religious sermons and edicts to suit every occasion.
	www.iranian.ws /iran_news/publish/article_12663.shtml (662 words)

	.: Albany Democrat-Herald :. Archives
		They lived during this time in Qom, Iran, a city that is a center for the study of the Shia branch of Islam.
		Iran and Iraq fought a bloody war in the 1980s and the Iranians are happy that Saddam Hussein has been toppled and captured.
		In other parts of Iran, women often wear their scarves so that some of their hair is showing and sometimes wear sandals without socks.
	www.dhonline.com /articles/2004/04/16/news/religion/religion01.txt (1037 words)

	Islam Watch - "Iran’s Ahmadinejad is not Unhinged" by Amil Imani
		The world is captivated by the sudden rise of a relatively unknown to the presidency of the Islamic Republic of Iran, for his torrent of outrageous statements and claims.
		The Arabic word for peace is “solh,” and not “Islam.” It is amusing how Western apologists of Islam from the ranks of liberals and expedient politicians keep on parroting the slogan that Islam is religion of peace.
		When they are challenged to explain the horrific violence perpetrated under the banner of Islam, their lame response is that the religion of peace is hijacked by a small minority of religious zealots.
	www.islam-watch.org /AmilImani/Ahmedinajad.htm (1541 words)

	Islam, the Modern World, and the West
		Islam and Freedom of Expression, written by Dr. Fathi Osman, a Muslim thinker living in the US, argues that freedom of expression is a basic human right in Islam.
		Islam is mentioned in various places throughout the article, but is discussed in particular with regard to the relationship between ethnicity and the vision of contemporary Islamists.
		Islam in the Modern World Written by the Muslim scholars of ISL Software, this article includes brief discussions of the situation of the Muslim world after the colonial period, Islamic revival, and education and science in the contemporary Muslim world.
	www.uga.edu /islam/islamwest.html (2209 words)

	VIRTUAL CITIZENS
		Mainstream Islam is compatible with modernism, science, and the steady empowerment of women – witness Turkey, for example, or Tunisia.
		The lower and middle classes thus moved towards radical Islam not only as a defense against the West but as a defense against the secularization of their societies by local elites – witness Egypt, for example.
		Thus rules shook, concepts were upset, values changed and evil people took control, oppression and darkness prevailed, cowards became like tigers: homelands were usurped, people were scattered and were caused to wander all over the world, the state of justice disappeared and the state of falsehood replaced it.
	www.virtualcitizens.com /bosworth_2006-07-17_hamas.html (814 words)

	Shi'a Islam in Iran
		To understand the practice of pilgrimage in the country of Iran it is first necessary to know something of the differences between the two major sects of Islam, the Sunni and Shi'ite, in particular why and when those differences historically arose.
		A characteristic of Shia Islam is the continual exposition and reinterpretation of doctrine.) While none of the Twelve Shia Imams, with the exception of Ali, ever ruled an Islamic government, their followers always hoped that they would assume the rulership of the Islamic community.
		A significant and highly visible practice of Shia Islam is that of visiting the shrines of the Imams in Iraq and in Iran.
	www.sacredsites.com /middle_east/iran/shiaislam.htm (2541 words)

	Islam Watch - "From Iran with Love" by Sher Khan
		Ahmadinejad is obsessed with Islam and intolerant to non-Muslims, which of course is a pre-requisite to remain a Muslim.
		Throughout the letter, he repeatedly praised Islam and bragged about Israeli occupation, all of which indicates that he is suffering from OCD.
		On the contrary, according to a report by the Management and Planning Organization (MPO) and the Iran Youth Organization (IYO), currently about 31% of those aged 15 to 29 in Iran are unemployed and the number is expected to reach 52% within two years.
	www.islam-watch.org /SherKhan/FromIran.htm (1543 words)

	Islam and poetry in Iran
		Religious science in Islam is divided into various branches: the science of hadith [sayings], science of interpretation, the word, feqh, osul etc Pre-Islamic Arab poetry was outside this stockade and could not continue to live within its framework.
		Thinking in Islam is confined to the Qur'anic verses, and the aim of reason (aql) is to understand the word of God for the salvation of humanity.
		With increasing influence and spread of Islam in Iran, the influence of Arabic on Farsi increased further.
	www.iranchamber.com /literature/articles/islam_poetry_iran2.php (1728 words)

	Islam and Iran: A Historical Study of Mutual Services - Mutahhari
		Therefore, the biased critics of Iran are not justified in raising the issue of language as an evidence of the Iranians' resistance to Islam.
		The Iranians' response to Islam was so passionate and zealous that nobody can charge them with veiling their national and traditional religious sentiments by disguising them in the form of Shi'ism, so that they should have preserved and propagated their ancient faith in a new garb.
		Sometimes they say that the people of Iran wanted to defend their old regime and creed with utmost seriousness, but despite all their grandeur, power, vastness of their land and a large population of a hundred and forty million, they were defeated by a small Arab army of fifty to sixty thousands.
	www.al-islam.org /al-tawhid/iran/mutual.htm (7878 words)

	Iran Before Islam \|\| Imam Reza (A.S.) Network
		In order to study Islam in its correct, historical perspective, for obtaining a clearer understanding, it was appropriate to have begun with a familiarisation with the region of its birth, namely the Arabian peninsula incorporating Saudi Arabia (Hejaz and Najd), Yemen, the sheikhdoms along the Persian Gulf littoral and the Sea of Oman.
		At the time of the rise of Islam and even before that, the eastern regions of Iran were called Khorassan in general, a name which is derived from 'Khor-Assa' meaning the region of sun rise, owing to its being situated in the east of Iran.
		In Iran of that time, class system and social attitudes and perceptions took the form that the king was absolute and the concept of 'Shahinshah' or king of kings was introduced in the time of the Medes well before Kurosh and Darius.
	www.imamreza.net /eng/imamreza.php?id=584 (7660 words)

	Islam in Iran: Mahmoud Ahmadinejad: A Political Conspiracist?
		Islam is more than just a religion to its followers, but it is more of a culture that covers religious aspects and it is a model for a way of life.
		In Iran, there are many sects as well, the most predominant being the Shia Muslims which account for 89% of the population.
		In Islam, this phrases, as well as variations of this phrase are used to respect other religious figures as well.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /~iazam/pages/IslamIran.dwt (451 words)

	BBC NEWS \| UK \| How Islam got political: Iran
		Islam is a faith and code of conduct for over a billion people worldwide.
		Islam, like all major faiths, is primarily spiritual and is a code of conduct for over a billion people.
		Iran's new leader was Ayatollah Khomeini, a devout cleric who'd been living in exile in France.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/uk/4424118.stm (984 words)

	Islam and poetry in Iran (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The official language of Iran during the Sasanian dynasty, and in the Zoroastrian religious establishment, was Pahlavi-Parsi.
		A further consideration for Islam’s hostility to poetry was beyond doubt the popularity of the poets.
		For years it was argued in Iran that it is to value and respect the pen that God swears by it.
	www.iran-bulletin.org /art/Islam_and_poetry_in_Iran.html (4675 words)

	washingtonpost.com: Keeping Faith in Reform, and Islam, in Iran
		He also reflects the split within the clerical community that is the repository of power in Iran," said Shaul Bakhash, author of "The Reign of the Ayatollahs," who teaches at George Mason University.
		Other U.S.-based analysts said prospects for reform in Iran will depend heavily on younger dissident clerics challenging the original revolutionaries, who are now in their sixties and seventies.
		Kadivar asserts that the conservatives' agenda is destructive for both Iran and Islam.
	www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A64808-2004Dec14?language=printer (885 words)

	IRAQ: Iraq, Iran, and Islam - Council on Foreign Relations
		The Shiite political coalition expected to win a majority of seats in the January 30 elections is dominated by religious parties who believe the new Iraqi state should respect and acknowledge sharia, the body of Islamic law.
		Sistani, Iraq's most influential political figure, has said no law in Iraq should conflict with Islamic principles, and that Islam should be recognized in law as the religion of the majority of Iraqis.
		The party was founded in Iran by Iraqi exiles in 1982, and Ayatollah Mohammed Baqr al-Hakim was a proponent of the Khomeinist concept of veliat-i-faqih, experts say.
	www.cfr.org /publication.html?id=7766 (2776 words)

	Islam in Iran - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Imam Square in Isfahan was the symbolic center of the Safavid Empire.
		The population of Iran is approximately 99 % Muslim, of which approximately 91 % are Shi'a and 8 % are Sunni, mostly Turkomen, a minority of Arabs, Baluchs, and Kurds living in the southwest, southeast, northeast and northwest.
		A majority of Kurds, virtually all Baluchis and Turkomans, and a minority of Arabs are Sunnis, as are small communities of Persians in southern Iran and Khorasan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Islam_in_Iran (573 words)

	[Islam-Online- Top News]
		WASHINGTON (Islam Online) -Iran called on Saudi Arabia to lift restrictions on the number of pilgrims allowed to make (Hajj) pilgrimage every year.
		The quota system limits the number of pilgrims to 1,000 for each one million citizens from Iran.
		This restriction was imposed on Iran 1987, after Iranians held anti-U.S. and anti-Israeli demonstrations during the annual pilgrimage to Mecca.
	www.islamonline.net /iol-english/dowalia/news-5-2-2000/topnews4.asp (209 words)

	Travel to Iran: Understanding Islam in Iran - Printer Friendly
		This portrayal of Islam and Muslims is perpetuated by all sectors of the US mainstream media as well as public educational institutions.
		Countering US public misperceptions about Islam is therefore a key component in creating a fair US foreign policy towards the Islamic world and in building resistance to civil liberties violations experienced by Muslims here in the US.
		As the world's only Muslim theocracy, Iran has a unique political and religious historical experience, one which is controversial both inside and outside Iran.
	www.globalexchange.org /tours/429.html.pf (685 words)

	WAIS: Iran and Islam
		We posted a report by a Western tourist in Iran who quoted students as saying "To hell with the mullahs!" This might well mean that they reject Islam.
		The Shah's attitude toward Islam was similar to that of Kemal Ataturk.
		Everywhere I've gone in Iran, with one exception, people have been exceptionally friendly and fulsome in their praise for the United States, and often for President Bush as well.
	wais.stanford.edu /Iran/iranandislam.htm (2009 words)

	Islam Bars Iran From Having Nuclear Weapons: Iranian President
		Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, President of the Islamic Republic of Iran after his speech during the general debate 17 September 2005 at the 60th session of the United Nations General Assembly in New York.
		Western countries suspect that Iran's nuclear programme is a covert attempt to devise a nuclear bomb.
		Iran says the programme is intended only to provide civilian energy and denies any military ambitions.
	www.spacewar.com /news/iran-05zzze.html (409 words)

	AllRefer.com - Iran - Shia Islam in Iran - Distinctive Beliefs \| Iranian Information Resource
		AllRefer.com - Iran - Shia Islam in Iran - Distinctive Beliefs
		The Imam must also be a spiritual leader, which means that he must have the ability to interpret the inner mysteries of the Quran and the shariat (see Glossary).
		The most recent example is Khomeini's expounding of the doctrine of velayat-e faqih (see Glossary), or the political guardianship of the community of believers by scholars trained in religious law.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/iran/iran70.html (1331 words)

	WorldNetDaily: Iran leader: Islam to 'rule the world'
		Islam must prepare to rule the world, Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad told a crowd of theological students in Iran's holy city of Qom, according to a report.
		Riazaty, in a post on the website Regime Change Iran, said the Iranian president emphasized his current theme that the return of the Shiite messiah, the Mahdi, is not far away, and Muslims must prepare for it.
		Riazaty pointed out that Iran's speaker of parliament, Mehdi Kahrubi, said Saturday that some people working closely with Ahmadinejad believe the Mahdi probably will return in the next two years, which means Iran needs to start building more hotels.
	www.worldnetdaily.com /news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=48268 (391 words)

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