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Topic: Islam in Mali

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	MSN Encarta - Search View - Mali (country)
		In the southern Saharan zone of Mali are found mimosa and gum trees; in the central region, thorny plants; and in the south, kapok, baobab, and shea trees.
		The Songhai are farmers in southeastern Mali, and the Soninke are mainly traders in the northwestern region.
		Mali is one of the major producers and exporters of cotton in Africa, and 600,000 tons of cotton were harvested in 2004.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761568071__1/Mali_(country).html (4585 words)

	Islam in Mali - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Islam also spread in the region by the founders of Sufi brotherhoods (tarika).
		Islam as practiced in the country is tolerant and adapted to local conditions.
		The country's traditional approach to Islam is peaceful and moderate, as reflected in the ancient manuscripts from the former University of Timbuktu.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Islam_in_Mali (845 words)

	MSN Encarta - Mali (country)
		The southern part of the country is well watered by the Niger River, and most of Mali’s people live in valleys along the Niger or the Sénégal rivers.
		French remains the official language of Mali, and Islam is by far the major religion.
		Mali is bounded by Algeria on the north; by Niger on the east; by Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, and Guinea on the south; and by Senegal and Mauritania on the west.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761568071/Mali_(country).html (686 words)

	Democracy, Islam are both thriving in Mali \| The San Diego Union-Tribune
		Islam and democracy haven't had a good record together, especially where mixed with deep poverty such as that of this sprawling West African country.
		Mali's rare success thus stands as both a hopeful sign and a measure of the task the U.S. faces in seeking to seed democracy in Iraq and Afghanistan.
		Mali, bigger in area than Texas and California combined, with 12 million people, is a hodgepodge of ethnic groups.
	www.signonsandiego.com /uniontrib/20040624/news_1n24mali.html (706 words)

	Culture::Religion, Mali - PWNET
		Throughout the centuries of the Mali empire, peasant farmers in rural areas continued with these traditional beliefs, since they were so closely dependent on the good will of the "spirits of the land" for their well-being.
		Islam was introduced by traders who brought not only material goods but a new religion.
		Islam thus became the religion of the kings and chiefs, traders and townspeople--people who had strong political and economic motives for converting.
	mali.pwnet.org /history/history_religion.htm (498 words)

	Islam, the Modern World, and the West
		Islam in Algeria from the Country Studies at the US Library of Congress, written in 1993, this is an excellent survey of the history of Islam in Algeria from the 7th century until today.
		Penetration of Islam in Eastern Africa by Ahmed Binsumeit A. Badawy Jamalilyl of Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman.
		Islam in Indonesia: The Dissemination of Religious Authority in the 20th Century is an extensive program of research combining the efforts of a number of scholars and academic institutions, among which is the The Institute for the Study of Islam in the Modern World (ISIM), Leiden.
	www.uga.edu /islam/countries.html (11071 words)

	A History of Ancient Mali (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		To the north, Mali occupied the upper portions of the Sahara.
		To the south, Mali extended down the Niger River past the city of Djenne, which is located on marshy land in the middle of the Niger River, it is referred to as an island.
		The religion and culture of the kingdom of Ancient Mali was a mix of the newer Islamic faith and traditional African practices.
	shakti.trincoll.edu /~aweiss/mali.htm (1425 words)

	Aid to the Church in Need - Religious Freedom in the Majority Islamic Countries. 1998 Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The state of Mali was born as an independent state in 1960, when French Sudan withdrew from the federation which united it to Senegal and assumed its present name.
		Although the Islam of Mali is one of "dialogue and encounter" - as Bishop Julien Sidibé of Ségou has put it - the activity of fundamentalist groups, financially supported by Saudi Arabia, is a significant feature.
		The inter-religious dialogue in Mali has known moments of success that would be unthinkable elsewhere; the prospects for this dialogue were at the centre of the meeting on February 12 1998 between the Holy Father and President Konaré of Mali.
	www.alleanzacattolica.org /acs/acs_english/report_98/mali.htm (285 words)

	Civilizations in Africa: Mali
		As with Ghana, Mali was built off of the monopolization of the trade routes from western and southern Africa to eastern and northern Africa.
		Mali was not a true empire, but rather the center of a sphere of influence.
		Mali had never been an empire proper, and subject states began to break off from the Mali sphere of influence.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/CIVAFRCA/MALI.HTM (565 words)

	Freedom from Hunger - Mali, West Africa - Virtual Tours (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Mali, during its heyday, had concentrated on religion and education rather than commerce and military might and thus became the "poor cousin" among the French colonies.
		The Bambara, the largest tribe in Mali, are generally the civil servants and live in the urban areas, such as Bamako, the capital of Mali.
		Mali is a country that faces many challenges--limited, dispersed population, extreme poverty, and increasing environmental concerns, to name a few.
	www.freefromhunger.org /malabout.html (651 words)

	:: \|\| :: Spread of Islam in West Africa :: \|\| ::
		Islam reached the Savannah region in the 8th Century C.E., the date the written history of West Africa begins.
		He also discusses the influence of Islam in Mali in the 13th century and describes the rule of Mansa Musa whose fame spread to Sudan, North Africa and up to Europe.
		In the Kingdom of Tekur, situated on both banks of the Senegal, Islam was accepted as early as 850 C.E., by the Dya'ogo dynasty.
	www.geocities.com /mutmainaa/history/west_africa.html (635 words)

	Islam And Social Order
		Islam regards human beings as God’s vicegerents and cannot tolerate the degradation brought on by their submission to humiliation or oppression, for Islam is the real way to freedom and liberation.
		Islam forbids serfdom; promises universal freedom, independence in thought, action, property, and religion; and safeguards a person’s integrity, honor, and dignity.
		Islam regards it as a great injustice to fill one’s own stomach and coffers while others die of hunger or are unemployed, and strongly condemns such selfishness and greed.
	www.thewaytotruth.org /islam-humanity/socialorder.html (2051 words)

	SPREAD OF ISLAM IN WEST AFRICA
		Islam was accepted as early as 850 C.E. by the Dya'ogo dynasty of the Kingdom of Tekur.
		Islam reached the Savannah region in the 8th Century C.E., the date the written history of West Africa begins.[17] The Muslim-Arab historians began to write about West Africa in the early 8th century.
		Trade and commerce also paved way for the introduction of new elements of material culture, and made possible the intellectual development which naturally followed the introduction and spread of literacy, and for which parts of the Sudan were to become famous in the centuries to come [18].
	www.angelfire.com /me4/islaam/History4.html (708 words)

	mali
		In fact, one of the lasting impressions that Mali created in the minds of other cultures and states throughout the Mediterranean and in Europe was the perception of the immense wealth of West Africa.
		Islam became more prevalent in both religious terms and in the culture and law of Mali.
		Mali, and its relations with other states, was demonstrably changed by this expedition.
	www.hcc.hawaii.edu /distance/hist151/mali.htm (1984 words)

	Empires of the Western Sudan: Mali Empire \| Special Topics Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The shaded portion indicates the empire of Mali in the fourteenth century.
		After Sundiata, the most famous ruler of the Mali empire is Mansa Kankan Musa I, who came to power several decades after the death of his legendary predecessor.
		Musa was not the first emperor of Mali to embrace Islam; unlike the Soninke and the Soso, Mande royalty adopted the religion relatively early.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/hd/mali/hd_mali.htm (458 words)

	World InfoZone - Mali Information - Page 1
		Mali is surrounded by Algeria, Burkino Faso, Guinea, the Ivory Coast, Mauritania, Niger, and Senegal.
		Mali is one of the countries of the Sahel - the region where the desert and the savannah meet.
		Islam is Mali's main religion - between eighty and ninety percent of the people are Muslim.
	www.worldinfozone.com /country.php?country=Mali (660 words)

	1000Countries.com: Mali I: mali, MALI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Mali is an independent republic which lies between Mauritania to its west and Niger to its east and...
		Mali was one of the greatest states in the world of its time, but is now one of...
		Mali is about the size of California and is located in interior West Africa with the Sahara desert to the north...
	www.1000countries.com /countries_of_the_world/mali_1.html (2187 words)

	Understanding Islam and Muslims (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Islam is not a new religion, but the same truth that God revealed through all His prophets to every people.
		Islam considers itself to be the 'primordial religion', din al-hanif, it seeks to return man to his original, true nature in which he is in harmony with creation, inspired to do good, and confirming the Oneness of God.
		Islam sees a woman, whether single or married, as an individual in her own right, with the right to own and dispose of her property and earnings.
	www.islamicity.com /Mosque/uiatm/un_islam.htm (4555 words)

	The Story of Africa\| BBC World Service
		Mali emerged against the back-drop of a declining of Ghana under the dynamic leadership of Sundiata of the Keita clan.
		But to the opposite of Ghana, I think Mali was really able to have more territory beyond some of the area Ghana went to, like Taghaza, the salt gulf, that was all part of the empire of Mali.
		But the idea of Mali regaining its former splendour and glory, remained strong in the minds of many Mandinka for generations to come.
	www.bbc.co.uk /worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/4chapter3.shtml (1357 words)

	ISLAM AND POLITICS IN TANZANIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		With Islam, emerged the lingua franca, Kiswahili, spoken throughout East and Central Africa and the Swahili culture which is mostly associated with Muslims.
		The main objective of the EAMWS was according to its1957 constitution was "to propagate Islam in East Africa".
		However in the spirit of Islam delegates showed their sympathy privately to the situation which Tanzanian Muslims were facing.
	www.islamtz.org /nyaraka/islam_and_politics_in_tz.html (9014 words)

	Mali's Muslims steer back to spiritual roots \| csmonitor.com
		But a decade after democracy was established, the tide of hardline Islam is on the rise in this peaceful country of 11 million.
		Mali's young democracy has not delivered on its promises, says Pearl Robinson, a political science professor at Tufts University.
		For David Gutelius, a Mali specialist at the Stanford Research Institute, the solution is clear.
	www.csmonitor.com /2002/0226/p08s02-woaf.html (857 words)

	Mali Empire
		Mali exhibit of 15th-20th century art, Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, Friday, Nov. 30, 2001.
		"Mali - The Mandinka Empire: Sundiata: The Hungering Lion." Ghana, Mali, Songhay: the Western Sudan.
		"Islam- New Influences in West Africa." Ghana, Mali, Songhay: the Western Sudan.
	www.mcps.k12.md.us /specialprojects/africa_access/AA_Research_Projects/Mali/mali_empire.htm (659 words)

	Islamic Democracy? Mali Finds a Way To Make It Work (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		TIMBUKTU, Mali -- As the sun sank over the Sahara, Mohammed Cissé straightened his pristine white robe and fired up the voters.
		In addition, dictatorial regimes in the Middle East have long claimed democracy was a luxury the region couldn't afford because Muslims needed to unite in confrontation with Israel.
		Mali -- bigger than Texas and California combined, with 12 million people -- is a hodgepodge of ethnic groups.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1158084/posts (1201 words)

	danieldrezner.com :: Daniel W. Drezner :: West Africa and Islamic fundamentalism
		Mali's young democracy is thriving with all of the attendant institutions, including a legal system, however still imperfect, and a free news media that includes 42 privately owned newspapers and 124 private radio stations, the most popular medium in a highly illiterate country.
		The bulk of her story is on efforts by Islamic radicals from Algeria and Pakistan to attract supporters in the arid northern part of the country, and American efforts to combat this push.
		Throughout Mali's history, every village, however small, has had a chief, who either inherits the job or is selected by the village.
	www.danieldrezner.com /archives/001796.html (1673 words)

	Adherents.com
		In the twelfth century, Maldives converted to Islam, and today the country is 100 per cent Sunni Muslim.
		Islam is the religion of the state and the backbone of society.
		Predominantly a Muslim country, Mali is about 65 percent Muslim; 30 percent animist; 2 percent African traditional religions; 1 percent Roman Catholic; 0.5 percent Protestant, and 0.5 percent Evangelical.
	www.adherents.com /Na/Na_343.html (1918 words)

	Summer Study Abroad, Northwestern University: Mali - Courses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This course is designed to help the students understand an important aspect of culture and society in Mali: the mystical face of Islam known as Sufism.
		After a historical and philosophical presentation of the doctrine, the focus will be on Muslim Africa where Sufism, under the form of the Islamic brotherhoods, is such an important feature of the religious culture and everyday life.
		Course assignments will ask students to connect the course material to their experience of Islam in Mali.
	www.northwestern.edu /studyabroad/summerstudy/mali/courses.html (289 words)

	PSI: News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		NIORO DU SAHEL, Mali, June 7, 2002 – PSI/Mali has joined forces with the religious leaders of Mali in the fight against HIV/AIDS in a summit meeting at this remote outpost of the Sahel near the border with Mauritania, chosen because it is home to all three main sects of Islam in Mali.
		Participants included religious leaders from each of Mali's eight regions (Kayes, Koulikouro, Sikasso, Segou, Mopti, Tombouctou,Gao and Nioro du Sahel), representatives from the U.S. Agency for International Development and the Ministry of Health, PSI/Mali and journalists.
		On the first day of the workshop, it became obvious that the participants came to Nioro with the idea that AIDS is a malediction.
	www.psi.org /news/060702a.html (423 words)

	Muslim Country Profile : Mali (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Mali is the largest country in the West Africa.
		This brought Islam from the edges of Africa to its interior.
		Muslim rulers like Mansa Musa of Mali, Songhay's Askia Muhammed, and Bornu's Idris Alooma, became known throughout North Africa and the Near East for their piety, and the wealth and intellectual activity of their kingdoms.
	www.soundvision.com /Info/country/mali.asp (2582 words)

	News: Democracy, Islam Share a Home in Mali
		Bell softly tinkling, the guide wove his way among the scattered sleepers, singing out his wake-up call into the warm stillness of a Saharan summer dawn.
		Cinq heures," he chanted, announcing the early hour in French, the official language in this former French colony.
		With temperatures rocketing into the triple digits by midmorning and neither man nor beast active between noon and dusk, rising early is key to accomplishing anything.
	pewforum.org /news/display.php?NewsID=4203 (138 words)

	Mali-Islam and Middle East
		Mali net: General fact sheet about Mali with links to various topics.
		Mali Agricultural Growth: Research on the Agricultural growth in Mali and its effect on society.
		Mali Embassy, Washington D.C. : Information on travel, visas, economy, politics, art, and culture.
	www.ou.edu /mideast/country/mali.htm (123 words)

	Mali on the Internet
		Farmers organizations in Bénin, Mali and Burkina Faso are asking that cotton producers in North American and Europe not been given price supports to continue growing cotton in competition with African cotton producers.
		Secrets of the Sahara is a well-written account of efforts by Mali scholars to preserve manuscripts from the 14th century onwards.
		Projects include manuscript preservation in Mali and the African diaspora in North Africa and the Middle East in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/ssrg/africa/mali.html (5209 words)

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