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Topic: Islam in Russia

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	Islam in Russia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1995 the newly established Union of Muslims of Russia, led by Imam Khatyb Mukaddas of Tatarstan, began organizing a movement aimed at improving interethnic understanding and ending Russians' lingering conception of Islam as an extremist religion.
		The Union of Muslims of Russia is the direct successor to the pre-World War I Union of Muslims, which had its own faction in the Russian Duma.
		Islam in: Albania • Andorra •Armenia • Austria • Azerbaijan • Belarus • Belgium • Bosnia and Herzegovina • Bulgaria • Croatia • Cyprus • Czech Republic • Denmark • Estonia • Finland • France • Georgia • Germany • Greece • Hungary • Iceland • Ireland • Italy • Latvia • Liechtenstein • Lithuania • Luxembourg • Republic of Macedonia • Malta • Moldova • Monaco • Montenegro ;• Netherlands • Norway • Poland • Portugal • Romania •
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Islam_in_Russia (924 words)

	Portal:Russia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Russian Federation (Russian: Росси́йская Федера́ция, transliteration: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya or Rossijskaja Federacija), or Russia (Росси́я, Rossiya or Rossija), is a country that stretches over a vast expanse of eastern Europe and northern Asia.
		Formerly the dominant republic of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), Russia is an independent country, and an influential member of the Commonwealth of Independent States, since the union's dissolution in December 1991.
		In the Soviet Union Russia was called the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic (RSFSR).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Portal:Russia (1000 words)

	Chechnya - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bordering Stavropol Krai to the northwest, the republic of Dagestan to the northeast and east, Georgia to the south, and the republics of Ingushetia and North Ossetia to the west, it is located in the Northern Caucasus mountains, in the Southern Federal District.
		Eventually the Chechens converted to Islam and tensions began to die down with the Turks; however, conflicts with their Christian neighbours such as Georgians and Cossacks, as well as with the Buddhist Kalmyks intensified.
		In 1783, Russia and the eastern Georgian kingdom of Kartl-Kakheti (which was devastated by Turkish and Persian invasions) signed the Treaty of Georgievsk, according to which Kartl-Kakheti received protection by Russia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chechnya (2489 words)

	Islam in Dagestan, Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Russia's claim to the religious heritage of ancient Byzantium made it possible for the idea of self-identification with Tsargrad (Constantinople), which had been desecrated by the "unbelievers", to take root amongst the orthodox clergy and in the domain of the Tsar's court.
		The sharply negative perception of Islam and everything associated with it was also a result of the fact that, in relations between Russia and Turkey there constantly arose conflicts, which frequently escalated into military opposition.
		However, the ascension of Catherine II to the throne and her policy of patronizing Islam lighted the situation of Muslims in Russia for a time, and Islam officially acquired the status of a tolerated religion in Moscow.
	www.hakimquick.com /moscow.htm (2544 words)

	Islam, the Modern World, and the West
		Penetration of Islam in Eastern Africa by Ahmed Binsumeit A. Badawy Jamalilyl of Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman.
		Islam in Modern Indonesia A Conference Cosponsored by the United States-Indonesia Society and the Asia Foundation, February 7, 2002, in Washington, D.C. Among the information included at this webpage is the executive summary of the conference as well as detailed summaries of all of the scholarly presentations.
		Islam in Indonesia: The Dissemination of Religious Authority in the 20th Century is an extensive program of research combining the efforts of a number of scholars and academic institutions, among which is the The Institute for the Study of Islam in the Modern World (ISIM), Leiden.
	www.uga.edu /islam/countries.html (11155 words)

	Islam in Russia
		The long history of Islam in Russia is grand and glorious as well as doleful and dreadful.
		Unfortunately, however, Russia had a tight grip over the Muslim territories from the middle of the sixteenth century to the beginning of the twentieth.
		It is Russia and Russia alone which was actually responsible for all that was happening within the Muslim states.
	www.themodernreligion.com /convert/russia.html (1990 words)

	Islam Review - Presented by The Pen vs. the Sword Featured Articles . . . Islam: the Facade, the Facts The rosy picture ...
		Islam: the Facade, the Facts The rosy picture some Muslims are painting about their religion, and the truth they try to hide.
		This is the goal behind the course on Islam that is currently being taught to the 7th graders in the California public school system and other schools around the country.
		Even when they were focusing against Russia and receiving payments from American agencies, they used to openly declare that their next target would be the United States because to them, all `infidels’ were the same.
	www.islamreview.com (1574 words)

	Former Christian Priests and Missionaries who have Embraced Islam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In Islam it is required that one profess monotheism in the presence of witnesses, and the journal for Muslims which is purely for internal use fully accords with this goal.
		Islam, monotheism, right belief--this is the exposure of all departures from the commands of the preceding prophets, including Jesus, and the affirmation of the social doctrine of monotheism which had earlier been lost.
		Islam is the second reform, cleansing the Christianity of the sixth and seventh centuries from the pagan accretions which has been formed in the period of its acquiring official status and compulsory mass acceptance.
	www.missionislam.com /comprel/former.htm (15757 words)

	Growth of Islam in Russia
		Golayev, 36, said the Islam he observes is opposed to violence, but he warned that the mistreatment of believers was driving men like him to desperation.
		In Russia, the struggle over Islam's place is not seen as a question of whether to integrate Muslims into society, but whether the country itself can remain whole.
		Islam is officially recognized as one of Russia's four principal religions, along with Orthodox Christianity, Buddhism and Judaism.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /~haroldfs/540/handouts/ussr/russianmuslims.html (1615 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : Islam in Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		However, in spite of Mongol dominance, Islam survived and—under Tamerlane, a Muslim who claimed direct descent from Genghis Khan and became ruler of the region around Samarkand in 1370—spread west to Moscow and east to the River Ganges with Samarkand the capital.
		While the Soviets cast an unenthusiastic eye on Islam as a living faith, they are nonetheless actively promoting the restoration of the region's Muslim monuments.
		It would be misleading to suggest that Islam is actively flourishing in Central Asia; but, as King Khalid of Saudi Arabia recently suggested in an interview, it would be inaccurate to suggest that it was being crushed.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/197601/islam.in.russia.htm (2588 words)

	Russia Islam
		In the 1980s, Islam was the second most widespread religion in the Soviet Union; in that period, the number of Soviet citizens identifying themselves as Muslims generally totaled between 45 and 50 million.
		In 1996 the Muslim population of Russia was estimated at 19 percent of all citizens professing belief in a religion.
		The Union of Muslims of Russia is the direct successor to the pre-World War I Union of Muslims, which had its own faction in the Russian Duma (see Glossary).
	www.country-studies.com /russia/islam.html (711 words)

	Islam Undressed
		If Islam is concerned about this objectification, and the growing number of other works documenting the face which Islam shows infidels, then this particular mirror-holder suggests that Islam work to change that projection, instead of issuing ever more fatwas, which only serve to deepen the distrust of outsiders.
		Now the official line from Islam is that "Islam' means Peace through submission to Allah's will", but the opposite camp points out that the newly created definition is illusory in that it does not mention what 'Allah's will' is with respect to Jihad and its role in the advancement of Islam.
		Islam is a religion that defends itself." The newer emphasis and message resonating now is as was described by a Pakistani Cleric interviewed in 2002; "Both the Jihads have their importance.
	www.islamundressed.com (15564 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Europe \| Russian Islam goes its own way
		But 70 years of communism have bulldozed most religious and ethnic traditions in Russia, so do not be surprised when you hear him saying it is all right that most Muslims do not even attend the mosque.
		"Islam is a universal religion that answers all the questions an individual or society as a whole may face," says Nafigulla Ashirov, the chief mufti of the Asian part of Russia.
		The leader of the Islamic committee of Russia, Geydar Dzhemal, who claims to be close to Salafism - a purist teaching dominant in Saudi Arabia - advocates Islamic guerrilla resistance against the "barbaric" authorities.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/europe/4341648.stm (955 words)

	demography.matters.blog
		However, contrary to what some people might believe, Islam in Russia has a long presence, extending at least as far back as the conquest of the regions of the Middle Volga in the 16th century, which brought the Tatars and related Turkic peoples on the Middle Volga into the Russian state.
		Russia's Muslim populations did resist the tendency to assimilate somewhat: The country's substantial Tatar, Bashkir, and (surprisingly) Chechen populations did grow somewhat through natural increase, while immigration was responsible for the sharp growth of Kazakhs and Azeris.
		Russia's population is projected to decline sharply in the generations to come, even with the demographic dynamism lent it by its Muslim populations.
	demographymatters.blogspot.com (4814 words)

	Jihad Watch: Russia Outlaws Two Islamic Groups
		Russia, in all its various reincarnations and permutations, has a history of making fatefully tragic alliances, the one with Nazi Germany in the rape of Poland being perhaps the most tragic.
		Russia wants to be recognized and respected as the Eastern branch of the Western civilization and Russians are sick and tired of Western double criteria and portraying Chechen as "freedom fighters".
		Russia is collapsing precisely because it replaced the totalitarian decadence of Marxism with the corrupt decadence of the West.
	www.jihadwatch.org /archives/011644.php (3701 words)

	Russia - Islam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Despite repressive conditions in Russia and high levels of emigration to the United States, the Jewish population grew rapidly in the nineteenth century; by the beginning of World War I, an estimated 5.2 million Jews lived in Russia.
		The Jews of Russia always have been concentrated overwhelmingly in the larger cities, especially Moscow, St. Petersburg, and Odessa--partly because of the traditional ban, continued from tsarist times, on Jews owning land.
		In January 1996, a major event was publication in Russia of a Russian translation of a volume of the Talmud.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-11410.html (2076 words)

	Neither Political, Nor Incorrect
		Islam is unique among all religions of the world, since its doctrine, theology and legal system all mandate warfare against unbelievers.
		Strengthening America’s relations with Russia to face Islam is akin to running into the arms of a bear to avoid a wolf.
		It is a must-read for anyone who wishes to broaden his understanding of Islam and its inextricable link to current events, without getting bogged down in an ocean of dates and figures.
	www.tfp.org /TFPForum/TFPRecommends/Books/politically_incorrect_guide_to_islam.htm (948 words)

	Uzbekistan’s Karimov Chides Russia for “Excessive” Ukraine Involvement - NEWS - MOSNEWS.COM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Uzbekistan has traditionally sided with Moscow as opposed to the West, and the statement was unexpected amid Moscow’s opposition to the pro-Western movement in the Ukraine led by Yushchenko.
		Israel and Russia have started negotiations on contracts for the supply of natural gas and the construction of a pipeline to carry it.
		May 25th in Russia is the day when students celebrate their last day at school.
	www.mosnews.com /news/2004/12/02/karimov.shtml (675 words)

	Russia
		Extremist versions of Islam, such as Wahhabism or Salafism, are often immediately associated with terrorism and radical Muslim fighters in Chechnya and Ingushetiya.
		The chairman of the Council of Muftis, Ravil Gaynutdin; the head of the Central Spiritual Board of Russia's Muslims, Talgat Tadzhuddin; and the head of the Coordinating Center of Muslims of the North Caucasus, Ismail Berdiev issued a joint statement denouncing terrorism.
		In February, the Nizhniy Novgorod Diocese of the ROC said this decision was considered by the ROC as an "a priori" unfriendly move.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/irf/2004/35480.htm (14246 words)

	Pravda.RU Islam in Russia or Russia under Islam? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The strip along the Volga River is where Russia's eastward policies have been historically focused, the frontier where the Russian state met with Islam, as Sergei Kiriyenko, the President's Plenipotentiary, once put it.
		The outcome of the Islam and Christianity roundtable in St. Petersburg had demanded that the discussion be continued.
		Russia has to have enough courage to say that it is leaving the Pacific region forever More details...
	newsfromrussia.com /main/2002/05/04/28228.html (3038 words)

	Russia
		During the reign of Alexander I (1801–1825), Napoléon's attempt to subdue Russia was defeated (1812–1813), and new territory was gained, including Finland (1809) and Bessarabia (1812).
		Russia maintained that a political solution was impossible until Islamic militants in Chechnya had been vanquished.
		Russia was initially alarmed in 2001 when the U.S. announced its rejection of the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty of 1972, which for 30 years had been viewed as a crucial force in keeping the nuclear arms race under control.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0107909.html (3109 words)

	Truck and Barter: Russia is NOT a Normal Country Archives
		The latest edition of the Foreign Exchange show is focused on Russia; it’s politics, Putin, demography and economic prospects.
		According to this economist, there's another health issue that Russia should be worried about;
		"By 2050, said Feshbach, Russia's current population of 144 million could fall to 101 million or as low as 77 million if factoring in the AIDS epidemic.
	truckandbarter.com /mt/archives/russia_is_not_a_normal_country (410 words)

	The Command Post - Global War On Terror - Updates from Russia (UPDATE 3)
		Countries involved with the Iraq occupation, countries such as Indonesia and the Phillipines that have been hostile to the spread of Islam, and Russia which has been a longstanding enemy to the rise of theorcratic Islam.
		With all due respect to Russia's airforce, I don't think it has the ability to respond that quickly to such an unorthodox form of attack, especially as the planes were both well away from Moscow when they were downed.
		Russia would face the same problems as the USA has when it comes to shooting down passenger jets.
	www.command-post.org /gwot/2_archives/014713.html (2600 words)

	CSIS Islam in Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		She clearly notes not only the fragmented nature of Russian Islam, but also demonstrates Islam's role in Russian domestic politics and foreign policy.
		This broad study traces the shared history of Russia and Islam in expanding compass--from the Tatar civilization within the Russian heartland, to the territories of the Caucasus and Central Asia brought under Imperial Russian and then Soviet rule, to the larger geopolitical and security context of contemporary Russia on the civilizational divide.
		Rich with insight, the book is also an incomparable source of factual information about Russia's Muslim populations, religious institutions, political organizations, and ideological movements.
	csis.zoovy.com /product/0765612836 (356 words)

	RUSSIA and Islam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The war against Iraq has not endeared the US to the Islamic world, and it is assumed that the war in Chehnya has had the same consequence for Russia.
		However, Russia has been making a concerted attempt to promote relations wish Islam, described in March 2003 issue of Pantologue.
		The general theme of the coference was that Islam is a reasonable, peaceful religion, and that is has been distorted by the Muslim Brothers, Hasan al-Banni, Wahabism, Salafyism, the Pakistani Tabliq sect and the Taliban movement.
	www.stanford.edu /group/wais/Russia/russia_andislam51103.html (252 words)

	History of Israel, from 1850-present
		Medina, Islam's second holiest city, was originally a Jewish "settlement"
		Himyar - The Jewish Kingdom of Arabia 390-626 CE, decimated by the rise of Islam
		Islam as a form of Judaism, a continuation of the Jewish Prophets.
	www.eretzyisroel.org /~jkatz (1333 words)

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