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Topic: Islam in Turkey

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	Islam in Turkey - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Turkey is the often considered to be the most westernized and modern country in the Islamic world.
		Although Turkey was secularized at the official level, religion remained a strong force at the popular level.
		The state's more tolerant attitude toward Islam encouraged the proliferation of private religious activities, including the construction of new mosques and Qur'an schools in the cities, the establishment of Islamic centers for research on and conferences about Islam and its role in Turkey, and the establishment of religiously oriented professional and women's journals.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Islam_in_Turkey (3320 words)

	Turkey - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Turkey borders eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia, Armenia and the Nakhichevan exclave of Azerbaijan to the northeast; Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast.
		The territory of Turkey extends from 36° to 42° N and from 26° to 45° E in Eurasia.
		Turkey's economy is a complex mix of modern industry and commerce along with a traditional agriculture sector that in 2005 still accounted for 30% of employment.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Turkey (5427 words)

	Turkey and Islam, 1900 to 1930
		Turkey was being lead by Enver and associates belonging to the Committee for Unity and Progress (CUP).
		In Turkey, corruption was on the rise among the newly rich, with people selling transportation permits and speculating in goods which the government was supposed to have requisition for the public.
		Turkey agreed that the straits between the Mediterranean and Black Seas would be demilitarized, and they agreed to a temporary ban against an increase in custom duties.
	www.fsmitha.com /h2/ch09tu.html (5314 words)

	Islam in Turkey: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The secularization of Islam in Turkey was the most prominent and most controversial feature of Atatürk[For more facts and a topic of this subject, click this link]'s reforms.
		Islam (arabic al-islm,) "the submission to god" is a monotheistic faith and the worlds second-largest...
		Folk Islam has continued to embrace such practices although the veneration of saints officially has been discouraged since the 1930s[Follow this hyperlink for a summary of this subject].
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/i/is/islam_in_turkey.htm (4649 words)

	Turkish Odyssey/About Turkey/Anotolian Culture/People
		When Islam made marriage laws and put a limit on the number of wives allowed, it was accepted as the first system to give some economic rights to women by saving them from the sole sovereignty of their husbands.
		In Turkey, following the declaration of the Republic in 1923, one of the most significant elements in the social revolution planned and advocated by Ataturk was the emancipation of Turkish women, based on the principle that the new Turkey was to be a secular state.
		An important stage of feminism in Turkey started in the 1980s and is different from the previous stages because it was initiated by women who spoke for themselves, rather than by men who had manipulated the female image for their own political agenda.
	www.turkishodyssey.com /turkey/culture/people.htm (3169 words)

	Islam
		In Turkey, approximately ninety-nine percent of the citizens are Muslims.
		Even though the Republic of Turkey is a secular country, ninety nine percent of the population profess to be devout followers of the Islamic faith.
		The second shell in Islam after this is the Faith (Eman, Iman), that is to believe (undoubtedly) in Allah, his angels, his holy books, his prophets and messengers, his fate whether it is bad or good and finally the belief in the judgment day.
	www.enjoyturkey.com /info/facts/Religion1.htm (946 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Have Your Say \| Islam in Turkey: Odd one out
		Turkey is still essentially run by the military and has one of the worst human rights records today, its continued oppression of the Kurdish people can be ignored as long it serves its geo-political purpose in the region.
		Turkey is one sad example of how the west tries to westernize the Muslim world by using pressure and false promises of economic power.
		Turkey, it seems, is many cultures and countries within a single country, existing in a worrying state of tension and with very different aspirations, some looking to the West and others to the East.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/talking_point/3192647.stm (2677 words)

	Symposium: Militant Islam vs. Turkey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		First and foremost, Turkey, as the ONLY functioning multiparty parliamentary democracy under constitutionally protected secularism in a majority Muslim country, is a manifest denial of the perverted version of Islam which these terrorists are advocating.
		Turkey's seculars would engage in containing Fundamentalism, recognizing Kurdish identity, and settling crisis with the Greeks and the Armenians, and in return, the US would treat Turkey in similar terms as with Israel and support a continental role of Turkey all the way to central Asia.
		Turkey, in the past has demonstrated that it has the means to eradicate the PKK camps in Northern Iraq.
	www.frontpagemag.com /Articles/Printable.asp?ID=11406 (4397 words)

	Religion in Turkey
		Turkey is the only country among the Islamic countries which has included secularism in her Constitution and practices it
		With the abolition of the Caliphate and the Ministry of Shariah (Islamic Law) and Foundations, on 3 March 1924 during the Republic period, significant steps were taken on the course to secularism and by providing the unification of education and later the unification of the judiciary.
		Although the concept of "secularism" was included in the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey in 1937, the principle of secularism had existed "de facto" since the foundation of the Republic.
	www.enjoyturkey.com /info/facts/Religion.htm (428 words)

	Turkey - Islam
		The central beliefs of Islam are monotheism and Muhammad's status as the "seal of the Prophets," that is, the final prophet to whom God revealed messages for the spiritual guidance of humanity.
		The fifth pillar of Islam is the hac.
		But Alevi are by far the largest Shia sect in Turkey, accounting for at least 70 percent of the country's Shia.Twelve Imam Shia and followers of the heterodox Ahl-i Haq and Bektasi have resided in Turkey for centuries.
	countrystudies.us /turkey/36.htm (3196 words)

	Atasoy: Islamic Revivalism and the Nation-State... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Turkey inherited an Islamic legacy of nationhood from the Ottoman Empire.
		Islam justified a hierarchic division between rulers and ruled on the basis of divine rule (Inalcik, 1964 and 1994).
		At present, Islam has become rearticulated in nationalist/populist discourses in a way that the Kemalist state ideology of cultural unity is unable to determine the lines of inclusion and exclusion with respect to the dominant form of sociability in Turkey.
	www.bsos.umd.edu /CSS97/papers/competin.html (6007 words)

	Islam in Turkey
		Islam in Turkey is moderate and adapted to modern life.
		During the Ottoman centuries, Istanbul was the center of the Islamic world, and its ruler, the Ottoman sultan, was also widely acknowledged as the Caliph, or spiritual leader of Islam.
		By the early 20th century, it was clear to Kemal Atatürk, father of the Turkish Republic, that religious government was hampering Turkey's social, commercial and diplomatic progress.
	www.turkeytravelplanner.com /Religion/Islam.html (609 words)

	Islam in Turkey
		Officially, Turkey says that it’s Muslim population is 99% throughout the country.
		When the Republic of Turkey was carved out of the old Ottoman empire in 1923 by Kemal Ataturk, this innovative leader had a futuristic vision for Turkey that had the country looking toward Europe, not the east.
		Wherever one goes in Turkey, the minarets of a nearby mosque dominate the skyline.
	www.chevvytours.com /islaminturkey.htm (878 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Europe \| 'Islam problem' baffles Turkey
		Konya is a flourishing city in the middle of Turkey.
		There is a greater emphasis on family and neighbours in Turkey than in much of Europe, and it is especially evident during Ramadan, the month of dawn-until-dusk fasting.
		To Western eyes, the role of women in Turkey, especially in eastern Turkey, is a subordinate one.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/europe/4062603.stm (654 words)

	Islam Online- News Section (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Israeli ambassador to Turkey, Pini Aviv, denied Tuesday, June 23, a report by the New Yorker magazine that Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon took advantage of the US occupation of Iraq by expanding Israeli presence in the northern Iraq.
		Turkey has been worried since the start of the US-led invasion of Iraq in March last year that the Kurds, encouraged by the US occupation, would establish an independent state in northern Iraq.
		Turkey ’s Milleyet newspaper said the report put such a strain on the already tense relations between Turkey and Israel.
	www.islamonline.net /English/News/2004-06/23/article02.shtml (665 words)

	FOCUS: Islam and Turkey - The Regional Impact
		This interest has largely been generated by the fact that the current Turkish government is one of the most important instances of a secularist Muslim country attempting to reconcile both religion and secularism in a democratic context.
		Turkey is still a Western-oriented democracy and a NATO member, and is still seeking to join the European Union.
		Moreover, in contrast to the argument concerning the compatibility of Islam and democracy, some regional analysts believe that the current government in Turkey arises from unique circumstances and does not present a workable model to the Arab world since the relationship between Islamists and secularists is more one of conflict than cooperation.
	www.sfcg.org /Bulletin/Bul22/FOCUS22.htm (828 words)

	All About Turkey
		I was born in Istanbul in 1968 and love this city and Turkey more than any other place in the world, which is why I chose to be a guide in this ancient lands after living abroad for several years.
		Because of the many archaeological sites and the difficulty/difference of the Turkish language, if you're planning a visit to Turkey it would be a good idea to hire services of an official professional tour guide who speaks your language and has a very deep knowledge of his heritage.
		Many tours can be arranged in Turkey, there are very good land and air connections between the cities and historical sites.
	www.allaboutturkey.com (628 words)

	JTW Comment - Turkish Islam and Turkey's EU Membership
		Ottoman intelligentsia was compelled to deliberate the relationship between their backwardness and religion, the compatibility of religion and modernity, Islam’s association with the needs of modern life, the connection between democracy and religion, and multiculturalism long before other Moslems.
		In contrast to the Turkish approach, while Islam was barred from coexisting with modernity, causing problems to ossify, reactionary, radical and violence-prone approaches rose to prominence.
		For the electoral procedure was motioned by Turkey and despite the reluctance of some members led by Saudi Arabia, İhsanoğlu won the elections with the support of 32 of the organization’s 57 members.
	www.turkishweekly.net /comments.php?id=1520 (4721 words)

	EU fearful of Islam downgrades Turkey's entry talks (by Abid Mustafa) - Media Monitors Network (MMN) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Polls in France and the Netherlands showed that opposition to Turkey’s membership was one of the key reasons voters gave for opposing the EU constitution.
		This in part is born out of the climate of fear produced by America’s war on Islam and in part is due to the centuries old conflict between Christendom and Islam.
		It is hard to believe that the current clash between Islam and the West and the injustices committed by Europeans towards their own Muslim populace has escaped the notice of Turkish leaders.
	usa.mediamonitors.net /content/view/full/15759 (1121 words)

	Democratizing Islam in Turkey \| csmonitor.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		It also sets the stage for Turkey to join the European Union, solve the crisis with Greece over divided Cyprus, serve as a model for other Muslim countries in balancing mosque and state, and offer up clean government to Turks (the party's initials mean "cleanness" and "light").
		When he was Istanbul's mayor, he made statements like this – "The world's 1.5 billion Muslims are waiting for the Turkish people to rise up" – which got him banned from office.
		He needs to let someone else be prime minister and, like his party, still needs to prove the new secular bent isn't just a guise for eventually eroding Turkey's modern ways.
	csmweb2.emcweb.com /2002/1105/p08s03-comv.htm (376 words)

	SUNY Press :: Islam in Modern Turkey
		Islam in Modern Turkey presents one of the most comprehensive studies in English of the seminal Turkish thinker and theologian, Bediuzzaman Said Nursi (1876–1960).
		A devout Muslim who strongly believed in peacefully coexisting with the West, Nursi inspired a faith movement that has played a vital role in the revival of Islam in Turkey and now numbers several million followers worldwide.
		While Nursi’s ideas have been afforded considerable analysis, this book is the first to situate these ideas and his related activities in their historical contexts.
	www.sunypress.edu /details.asp?id=61146 (288 words)

	From Bediuzzaman Said Nursi's Life: The Damascus Sermon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		To complete this First Aspect, Bediuzzaman describes "eight serious obstacles" which "prevented the truths of Islam completely conquering the past", but which are now dispersing, and follows this with quoting the testimony to the truth of Islam of two `enemies' by way of proof of his argument.
		Of the Five Strengths, the first is "reality of Islam", the second is "an intense need, which is the real master of civilization and industry" together with "utter, back-breaking poverty", while the third is "the Freedom which is in accordance with the Seriat'.
		Bediuzzaman then infers that it was because in the drive for modernization so far pursued in the Ottoman Empire it was not the beneficial aspects of civilization that had been taken but its "evils and iniquities" which had been "imitated", that the empire had been reduced to the state of defeat it was then in.
	www.nur.org /treatise/biography/from_Bediuzzamans_life08.htm (3053 words)

	LESSON PLAN: WOMEN AND ISLAM IN TURKEY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		To familiarize students with the effects of Islam on women in the Muslim world.
		This program provides a general overview of the effect of Islam on women, their rights and the influence of traditional patriarchal values throughout the Muslim world.
		Read “The Rise of Islamic Fundamentalism in Turkey” and “Banned by a Head Scarf.” These are found on my website Women in Contemporary Turkey.
	www.accd.edu /pac/humaniti/1301_tc/xornelas/lessonplan.htm (334 words)

	Visible Islam in Modern Turkey
		A case study of Islam in its traditional and secular forms
		A handbook for those exploring Turkey and the Islamic heritage
		An insight into the religious practices of Muslims in modern Turkey
	www.geocities.com /kenfrank1946 (158 words)

	World Religions
		Tibetan Buddhist Lamaism 96%, Islam (primarily in the southwest), Shamanism, and Christian 4% (1998)
		Islam (Sunni) 70% (in north), indigenous 25%, Christian 5% (mostly in south and Khartoum)
		Islam - Islam, [Arab.,=submission to God], world religion founded by the Prophet Muhammad.
	www.factmonster.com /ipka/A0855613.html (1711 words)

	Democratizing Islam in Turkey \| csmonitor.com
		The rise of the Islamist movement in Turkey Middle East Review of International Affairs (1999)
		Embassy of the Republic of Turkey in Washington D.C. Turkish Press: Politics
		Please Note: The Monitor does not endorse the sites behind these links.
	www.csmonitor.com /2002/1105/p08s03-comv.html (450 words)

	Kurdish Nationalism and Political Islam in Turkey Kemalist Identity in Transition Condition: New - SHOP.COM
		Kurdish Nationalism and Political Islam in Turkey Kemalist Identity in Transition Condition: New - SHOP.COM
		Kurdish Nationalism and Political Islam in Turkey Kemalist Identity in Transition
		All other designated trademarks, copyrights and brands are the property of their respective owners.
	www.shop.com /op/aprod-p36259668 (137 words)

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