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	Islam Karimov President of Uzbekistan
		From this perspective all of Uzbekistan's history is seen as culminating in Karimov's regime.
		To support his claim that Uzbekistan is 'a society of democracy and social justice' he created a number of spurious 'political parties'.
		For the last decade Uzbekistan observers have warned that the absence of legitimate avenues for an impoverished population to express dissent could prove explosive.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /Zeroes/Karimov_Uzbekistan.html (811 words)

	Islam, the Modern World, and the West (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Islam in Algeria from the Country Studies at the US Library of Congress, written in 1993, this is an excellent survey of the history of Islam in Algeria from the 7th century until today.
		Penetration of Islam in Eastern Africa by Ahmed Binsumeit A. Badawy Jamalilyl of Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman.
		Islam in Indonesia: The Dissemination of Religious Authority in the 20th Century is an extensive program of research combining the efforts of a number of scholars and academic institutions, among which is the The Institute for the Study of Islam in the Modern World (ISIM), Leiden.
	www.uga.edu /islam/countries.html (11155 words)

	::: GENOCIDE \|\| MUSLIM UZBEKISTAN :::
		Uzbekistan's government refuses to hold police and security forces accountable for acts of torture, and even tacitly encourages torture though its broadcasting of political prisoners' public "confessions" as tools of political propaganda.
		Instituting legal and judicial reform to halt torture, and ending impunity for it, should be a matter of priority for the government of Uzbekistan and for all parties interested in human rights and the security and stability of the region.
		Persons detained by police in Uzbekistan are routinely subjected to physical and psychological abuse, often from the initial moments of their arrest.
	archive.muslimuzbekistan.com /eng/genocide.html (745 words)

	Islam in Central Asia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Uzbekistan is leading a regionwide crackdown on all forms of Islam that are not state-controlled — repression that is driving entire villages into opposition and forcing religion underground.
		An Islamic guerrilla movement seeks to establish an Islamic state in Uzbekistan, but its 1,000 or so fighters are mainly active when the snows blocking the mountain passes between Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan melt each August.
		In Uzbekistan, the most populous of the Central Asian nations, with 25 million people, the government has arrested thousands of religious Muslims and sentenced hundreds of them to long jail terms, even though they were not accused of violent acts.
	www.islamawareness.net /CentralAsia/nytimes.html (404 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Asia-Pacific \| Profile: Islam Karimov
		Uzbekistan's President Islam Karimov is one of Central Asia's most autocratic leaders, running a repressive regime which retains many aspects of its Soviet past.
		Born in Samarkand in 1938, Islam Karimov was raised in a Soviet orphanage before studying engineering and economics at university.
		In 2004, former British Ambassador to Uzbekistan Craig Murray said he had heard of prisoners being boiled to death, while a United Nations official said in 2002 that torture was "institutionalised, systematic and rampant" in Uzbekistan.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/asia-pacific/4554997.stm (708 words)

	Islam Online- Politics Section (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The war against Islam has enlarged further with the establishment of a new committee of Islamophobes, as Russia and China have forged a new regional alliance to combat the spread of Islam into Central Asian nations.
		Uzbekistan is a key country in the region.
		However, the war against Islam has another plane, and the forum is open to all interested countries, with Mongolia showing an interest in the Shanghai forum, and the U.S. considering participation in the forum as an observer.
	www.islamonline.net /english/Politics/2001/06/article10.shtml (978 words)

	Islam and Uzbekistan: An Interview with Dr. Rafik Saifulin
		Saifulin is an adviser to Uzbek President Islam Karimov and former director of the Uzbek Institute of Strategic and Regional Studies.
		We have to remember that for the population of Kyrgyzstan, the norms and principles of Islam were not dominant for a long period of time.
		The principles of Islam were borrowed basically from the Uzbek part of the republic's population.
	www.jamestown.org /terrorism/news/article.php?articleid=2368861 (2496 words)

	Cox & Forkum: Our SOB
		Even as Uzbekistan's government maintained that it had acted cautiously and minimized the use of force in putting down a prison break and demonstration late last week, survivors said Monday that government security forces had fired indiscriminately at unarmed civilians and struck women and children.
		The appeal of radical Islam in Uzbekistan is highly overrated; the resentment of local bazaar merchants against unjust taxation and other abuses in the Ferghana Valley is not.
		Uzbekistan acknowledged Tuesday that its crackdown last week on an antigovernment demonstration and a prison break had been far more violent than it previously described, saying 169 people had been killed, including 32 government troops.
	www.coxandforkum.com /archives/000588.html (1817 words)

	Asia Times Online :: Central Asian News and current affairs, Russia, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan
		Uzbekistan is a key member of the coalition's global war on terror.
		When Uzbekistan became an independent republic in 1991 Karimov operated a classic emperor's new clothes facelift: exit the communist apparatchik, enter the president; exit Marx, Lenin and Stalin, enter Tamerlan.
		So Karimov in Uzbekistan is as essential a piece in the great oil and gas chessboard as Hamid Karzai in Afghanistan.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Central_Asia/GE17Ag01.html (1283 words)

	Uzbekistan Bombings: A pattern (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This goes to suggest that the police in Uzbekistan are not seen as the defenders of law and order but are equated with the repressive state system under the authoritarian rule of president Islam Karimov.
		Uzbekistan has the worst possible record of human rights violations in the Central Asian Republics and dissent of any kind is not tolerated by the state.
		These attacks in Uzbekistan are hardly on unexpected lines and the shock would have been greater had Turkmenistan been the target of these attacks.
	www.observerindia.com /analysis/A160.htm (1268 words)

	Joint Press Conference With President Islam Karimov of Uzbekistan
		I don't recall a fact in the history of Uzbekistan when such people like the Treasury Secretary would visit Uzbekistan, who play a big role not only in economics and finance, but also in the development of public processes in a country.
		Most of all we discussed Uzbekistan's commitment to fulfill the IMF Monitoring Program and as an IMF mission, which had spent some time in Uzbekistan, confirmed, Uzbekistan practically fulfilled all the commitments that were outlined in that program.
		O'Neill that for Uzbekistan the hardest question is the reformation of our society, the democratization of our society, building a civil society, and raising the political activity and awareness of our population.
	www.state.gov /e/eb/rls/rm/2002/11945.htm (1928 words)

	Religion & Ethics NewsWeekly . FEATURE . Islam In Uzbekistan . January 11, 2002 \| PBS
		What has changed since the early 90s is the practice of Islam -- flourishing once again as it did before the Soviet era.
		The government of Islam Karimov has jailed thousands of citizens, ostensibly in a crackdown on terrorist activities.
		RAVIL BUKHARAEV (Islam scholar, BBC Russian Radio Service): These radical views flourish and flower in times of trouble, the so-called "gray areas" of history, where nobody understands nothing, except that they had something and now they are destitute.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/religionandethics/week519/feature.html (1075 words)

	Islam in Uzbekistan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Islam is by far the dominant religious faith in Uzbekistan.
		In Uzbekistan the end of Soviet power did not bring an upsurge of Islamic fundamentalism, as many had predicted, but rather a gradual reacquaintance with the precepts of the faith.
		In the early 1990s, however, Uzbekistan did not witness a surge of political Islam as much as a search to recapture a history and culture with which few Uzbeks were familiar.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Islam_in_Uzbekistan (1065 words)

	EurasiaNet Eurasia Insight - Islam and Nation in Modern Uzbekistan
		It is possible to argue with reference to Uzbekistan that the meaning of Islam, and of being a Muslim, has undergone several transformations in the 20th century, which have left popular perception of Islam intertwined with, and subordinate to, powerful discourses of Nation and Progress.
		Islam came to be seen as an indispensable part of local customs and practices that served to set Central Asians apart from outsiders.
		In Uzbekistan, one is a Muslim because one is an Uzbek.
	www.eurasianet.org /departments/insight/articles/eav031700.shtml (981 words)

	Joint Press Conference with President Islam Karimov of Uzbekistan
		In the months ahead, we look forward to deepening and widening our relationship with Uzbekistan on security issues, on economic issues, issues of political democratization and human rights, and we had a very full exchange of views on all of these matters.
		As far as the bridge is concerned, I would like to tell you that tomorrow the appointed state committee will be at the place in order to give its formal approval for the opening of the bridge and to propose the arrangements as far as the infrastructure of the bridge is concerned, checkpoints, customs points.
		If you say that Uzbekistan has problems with fundamentalism, that is fair enough, but this problem is not restricted to this country.
	www.state.gov /secretary/former/powell/remarks/2001/dec/6749.htm (1728 words)

	Islam Online- News Section (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In a detailed December 2000 report on torture in Uzbekistan, HRW said that in 1998-2000, local rights groups documented seven deaths due to torture in custody that occurred within days after arrest; Saturday's press release said that in the past three years, fifteen such deaths have occurred.
		Uzbekistan's documented use of torture is of particular concern to HRW in light of its new relationship with the United States and the "war on terrorism." Over 1,000 U.S. troops were recently stationed in Uzbekistan, which borders Afghanistan, after the September 11 attacks in preparation for its military campaign.
		Uzbekistan's accusations of "terrorism" among its own Islamic dissidents apparently undermine it recent allegiance with the powers fighting the Taliban, who are seen by most in the West as supporters of terrorism.
	www.islamonline.net /English/News/2001-10/23/article4.shtml (960 words)

	Uzbekistan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan (Uzbek: O‘zbekiston Respublikasi or O‘zbekiston Jumhuriyati, or Russian:'Республика Узбекистан'), is a country in Central Asia.
		The relationship between Uzbekistan and the United States began to deteriorate after the so-called "color revolutions" in Georgia and Ukraine (and to a lesser extent Kyrgystan).
		Uzbekistan is also a member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) and hosts the SCO’s Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) in Tashkent.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Uzbekistan (4042 words)

	FT.com / World / Asia-Pacific - Uzbekistan orders US to quit strategic military base
		Uzbekistan has ordered US military personnel to leave an air base in the country, adding to US logistical difficulties in conducting its operations in Afghanistan.
		The US military said on Sunday that strategists were planning their response to the loss of facilities in Uzbekistan.
		Islam Karimov, Uzbekistan's president for the past 16 years, has blamed the unrest in his country on Islamic militants and has rejected calls for an outside inquiry.
	www.ft.com /cms/s/6751f306-01e8-11da-9481-00000e2511c8.html (491 words)

	Andrew Apostolou on Terrorism & Uzbekistan on National Review Online
		The terrorist attacks in Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan, on Friday are a testament to the continued vitality of the al Qaeda movement.
		The Soviet republics of Central Asia, in particular Uzbekistan, missed the wave of democratization that swept Eastern Europe and the western republics of the Soviet Union in 1989 and 1991.
		Al Qaeda and the Taliban, who dreamt of establishing their rule in the historic centers of Islam in Uzbekistan, the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara, gave the IMU bases and training.
	www.nationalreview.com /comment/apostolou200408020848.asp (1155 words)

	ISLAM IN UZBEKISTAN:
		In 1924, the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic was born.
		Thus, this paper shifts its focus from the international standards of religious freedom to Uzbekistan itself to determine whether Uzbek legislation and official practices should be revoked, amended, or added to so as to comport with the international standards of religious freedom as established by the UDHR, the ICCPR, the DRID, and the Uzbek Constitution.
		The Court’s decisions should be considered binding upon the Uzbek government, and until a decision is rendered, additional legislation in the aforementioned area should be held in abeyance.
	www.uib.no /jais/v002ht/02-110-150Simpson1.htm (3917 words)

	uzbekistan.neweurasia.net » Politics and Religion in Uzbekistan
		Uzbekistan is historically part of what Marshall G. Hodgson termed “the Islamicate”, or what lay Muslims would call “Dar al-Islam” (Abode of Peace).
		It is because in some parts of the country, Islam (again: not necessarily Islamism or ‘radicalism’) has become a bit of a cement and framework for socially mobile groups and entrepreneurs who could become the some sort of middle class that could challenge the regime’s position sooner or later.
		Claiming that Uzbekistan’s choice is ‘between Karimov and the Taliban’ is as passé as it is preposterous.
	uzbekistan.neweurasia.net /?p=89 (4284 words)

	George W. Bush's Buddy In Uzbekistan: Islam Karimov
		One of George W. Bush's newest Central Asian friends is Islam Karimov, Uzbekistan's neo- Stalinist dictator who allowed U.S. troops to set up a large and permanent military base on Uzbek soil during the Afghan campaign in late 2001.
		Uzbekistan is set to hold parliamentary elections on the 26th of December but don't expect the vote to be free or fair in this former Soviet republic.
		In addition to providing support for American military operations in Afghanistan, the U.S. bases in Uzbekistan increase Washington's influence in the oil-rich region, allowing the U.S. to compete with Russia and China for access to Central Asian resources.
	www.useless-knowledge.com /1234/dec/article421.html (399 words)

	Uzbekistan's key role: Islam Karimov will be supported by the USA - Pravda.Ru (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The president of Uzbekistan was the first among the presidents of the Asiatic countries to understand, the US-led anti-terror operation in Afghanistan against bin Laden was very advantageous.
		When Islam Karimov allowed the US troops to the military base in Hanabad, he expected the USA would settle the problem in Afghanistan, and, at the same time, would get even with Juma Namangani, the leader of Uzbek Islamites.
		In addition, an agreement on co-operation in non-proliferation of nuclear technologies, an agreement on a $55 million credit to small and medium-sized enterprises in Uzbekistan, and agreement on purchase of a ground for construction of a new building of the US Embassy in Tashkent were signed during the meeting.
	english.pravda.ru /main/2002/03/13/26962.html (874 words)

	IslamiCity.com - Travel Center
		Islam in Uzbekistan dates back to the days of the Caliphate of Uthman ibn Affan, the third Caliph of Islam.
		Uzbekistan is an integral part of the famous Silk Route.
		The focus is on history, culture and society, primarily relying on the living experience of Muslims in Uzbekistan.
	www.islamicity.com /travel/Uzbekistan/overview.asp (386 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > World -- At least 13 sentenced for religious extremism in Uzbekistan's capital in ...
		TASHKENT, Uzbekistan – Courts convicted 13 people of religious extremism in a crackdown on radical Islam in Uzbekistan that critics say has targeted many innocent believers, a rights activist said Monday.
		Uzbekistan's autocratic government has long faced international criticism for its crackdown on Muslims practicing Islam outside state-controlled mosques.
		Uzbekistan clamped down on Muslims after two waves of terror attacks last year that killed more than 50 people.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/world/20050404-0722-uzbekistan-trials.html (327 words)

	George Mason University Template 1
		The "re-Islamization" of society in independent Uzbekistan has proven to be a complex process, generating conflict in the social, cultural and political spheres.
		Since the early 1990s, the Karimov regime has sought to undermine any manifestation of "unofficial" Islam via imprisonment of the leadership, implementation of repressive statutes governing religious activity, and other coercive means.
		Since late 2001 Uzbekistan has been a partner in the "war on terror," and as such, has benefited economically, politically and militarily from the relationship.
	www.gmu.edu /departments/icar/eurasia/S1_Abstracts-3.htm (377 words)

	A Note On Islam in Uzbekistan - Memorandum to the U.S. Government Regarding Religious Persecution in Uzbekistan (Human ...
		More than 80 percent of the population of Uzbekistan is Muslim; the vast majority adheres to the Hannafi school of Sunnism.
		The agency survived Uzbekistan's transition to independence in 1991, becoming the Muslim Board of Uzbekistan and retaining its responsibility for the regulation and restriction of the population's religious beliefs and practices.
		Independence gave rise to a revival of popular interest in Islam, which the government sought to use as a tool in building national identity and solidifying its monopoly on power.
	www.hrw.org /backgrounder/eca/uzbek-aug/islam.htm (326 words)

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