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Topic: Islamic empires in India

	India
		The official name India is derived from Sindhu, the historic local appellation for the river Indus and is the most internationally recognisable of the country.
		Islamic influence was generally much lesser in South India and Hindu kingdoms continued to hold sway.
		India is home to several major rivers such as the Ganga (Ganges), the Brahmaputra, the Yamuna, the Godavari and the Krishna.
	publicliterature.org /en/wikipedia/i/in/india.html (1459 words)

	Wikinfo \| Middle kingdoms of India
		North India's political landscape was transformed by the emergence of Magadha in the eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain.
		India's unguarded northwestern border again attracted a series of invaders between 200 B.C. and A.D. As the Aryans had done, the invaders became "Indianized" in the process of their conquest and settlement.
		Peninsular India was involved in an eighth-century tripartite power struggle among the Chalukyas (556-757) of Vatapi, the Pallavas (300-888) of Kanchipuram, and the Pandyas (seventh through the tenth centuries) of Madurai.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Middle_kingdoms_of_India (2515 words)

	Jimmy Hodges Ministries International
		The Republic of India is the second most populous country in the world, with a population of over one billion, and is the seventh largest country by geographical area.
		The Mughal Empire ruled most of the northern Indian subcontinent from 1526; it went into a slow decline after 1707 and was finally defeated during the War of Independence of 1857.
		In 1971 India annexed the semi-independent principality of Sikkim.
	www.jhmi.ws /india.html (3247 words)

	India at AllExperts
		India is referred to as the largest democracy in the world, by virtue of the fact that it has the largest electing population among democratic countries.
		India is the second fastest growing major economy in the world, with a GDP growth rate of 9.1%, as of the first quarter of 2006.
		India has a labour force of 496.4 million of which 60% is employed in agriculture or agriculture-related industries, 17% in mainstream industry and 23% in service industries.
	en.allexperts.com /e/i/in/india.htm (3586 words)

	India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Republic of India is the second most populous country in the world and is the largest democracy with over one billion people speaking about 800 distinct languages.
		India is home to several major rivers as the Ganga (Ganges) the Brahmaputra the Yamuna the Godavari and the Krishna.
		India is the second most populous country the world with only China having a larger population.
	www.freeglossary.com /India (2734 words)

	PBS - Islam: Empire of Faith - Culture - Art
		Islamic secular art, on the other hand, might or might not have representations of living beings, depending on the local cultural traditions and the preferences of the artist and patron.
		Much of Islamic secular art, like religious art, is decorated only with geometric and vegetal patterns and inscriptions, but many objects, whether glazed ceramics, carved ivories, intricately woven silks, or luxurious carpets, are decorated with lively human and animal figures set individually or in scenes.
		Given the Islamic fascination with God's word, the art of the book has always been one of the favorite forms of Islamic art, and calligraphers in the Islamic lands have the fame accorded painters and sculptors in the West.
	www.pbs.org /empires/islam/cultureart.html (444 words)

	lastislamic.html
		The Islamic empires reached the apogee of their power in the Early Modern World; and were in decline thereafter.
		The Ottoman Empire was most militarily and economically powerful of the three at the beginning of the modern age, but Persia was the cultural heart of the Islamic world, whose influence dominated in dress, paintings, literature, manners, and language.
		Islamic societies were generally conservative, and did not undergo the kind of radical changes that occurred in Western world in politics and culture.
	www.loyno.edu /~seduffy/lastislamic.html (2519 words)

	The Indian Empires
		Perhaps Bengalis in the northeast of India are as different from the Gujeratis in the west as are the Italians from the Scotch.
		The flavor of India is expressed in its foods where a melody of spices and other ingredients are carefully balanced into something at once larger than the parts, yet the dish retains the specific identities of each ingredient.
		The rasa of India is there in the sculptures and paintings of countless deities and in the mythic expression of the universe and in the various dance traditions which tell the stories of the Gods and Goddesses.
	www.globaled.org /nyworld/materials/india/flavorofindia.html (1410 words)

	IslamiCity.com - Is There An Islamic Problem?
		As recently as 1750, Islamic polities stretched from Mauritania and the Balkans in the West to Sinjiang and Mindanao in the East.
		The US-imposed straightjacket has deepened the contradictions of global capitalism in the Islamic world: a development that is pregnant with consequences which threaten to spin out of control.
		IslamiCity is making such material available in its effort to advance understanding of humanitarian, education, democracy, and social justice issues, etc. We believe this constitutes a 'fair use' of any such copyrighted material as provided for in section 107 of the US Copyright Law.
	www.islamicity.com /articles/Articles.asp?ref=IN0201-391 (2639 words)

	Gupta Empire information - Search.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Gupta Empire was one of the largest political and military empires in ancient India.
		Despite the creation of the empire through war, the reign is remembered for its very influential style of Hindu art, literature, culture and science, especially during the reign of Chandra Gupta II.
		The empire disintegrated under the attacks of Toramana and his successor, Mihirakula; the Hunas conquered several provinces of the empire, including Malwa, Gujarat, and Thanesar, broke away under the rule of local dynasties.
	www.search.com /reference/Gupta_Empire?redir=1 (2360 words)

	ipedia.com: India Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Islamic influence was generally less marked in South India.
		India is home to two main language families, the Indo-Aryan and Dravidian derived languages.
		Although 83% of the people are Hindus, India is home to a large population of Muslims (13%) giving it the world's third largest Muslim population after Indonesia and Pakistan.
	www.ipedia.com /india.html (2648 words)

	Tourism of India - Fast Facts
		After Ashoka's death in 232 B.C. the empire began to disintegrate and the country was repeatedly raided and plundered by foreign invaders, leaving India disunited and weak for the next 400 years.
		Over the centuries India had always been attractive to traders, and one of the first Europeans to come to India was the Portuguese trader Vasco da Gama who landed at Calicut, sailing via the Cape of Good Hope in 1498.
		The disintegration of the Mughal empire, fighting among the Maratha rulers and inability of the various rulers across the country to unite against a common enemy saw the British consolidate their position in the country.
	www.tourismofindia.com /ff/history.htm (995 words)

	Islamic Gold Coins :: India
		Although his long reign (1556-1605) was the most successful leader in Indian history, Akbar was regarded with distrust by some orthodox Muslim elements within his state.
		Firuz Shah, 1383-1384 AD Coming to power in northern India in 1320, the Tughluq dynasty reestablished a sound administration and expanded militarily into the Deccan in a brief and, by the middle of the fourteenth century, clearly unsuccessful effort to unite all of India under one rule.
		Piously attentive to formal Sunni obligations, the Tughluqs regularly sought investiture from the 'Abbasid caliph' maintained by the Mamluks in distant Cairo.
	www.islamicart.com /main/coins/g_india.html (306 words)

	Empires - History for Kids!
		The first empires were probably in Western Asia, first under the Akkadians, then under the Babylonians, and then under the Assyrians.The Egyptians also had a sort of empire in the New Kingdom as they conquered Israel, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria.
		These empires were mainly tribute-collectors, and did not try very hard to control the activities of the states under their control.
		In the 400's AD, the Roman Empire broke down into smaller states again, and then in the 600's AD much of the Roman Empire and all of the Sassanian Empire were conquered by the Arabs and made into the Islamic Empire.
	www.historyforkids.org /learn/government/empires.htm (526 words)

	india
		Islamic culture brought the arch and the minaret to Indian architecture resulting in stunning creations such as the Taj Mahal (built by a great Mughal ruler.) The Arabic language deeply influenced the development of languages such as Hindustani and Urdu.
		As Islamic rule continued for centuries in the north under different dynasties and leaders, Islam became the dominant religion in some regions, displacing the influence of the native religious traditions of Hinduism and Buddhism.
		This sweeping and dramatic momentum of Islamic armies, and the spread of Islamic culture, was halted abruptly in the 13
	www.hcc.hawaii.edu /distance/hist151/india.htm (1973 words)

	IMC India - ISLAMIC REVIVALISM: The curious case of Tabligh Jamaat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The three prominent Muslim empires namely Mughal Empire in India, Safabid Monarchy in Persia and Ottoman Empire in Turkey, that entered into a phase of relative decline; prompted the radical Islamists to launch Islamic revivalist movements.
		This Islamic revivalist movement hardly has any relevance to the solution of the socio-economic problem of Muslim mass, but its appeal to the simple rank and file of common Muslims for establishment of the 'Kingdom of God' has an inspiring effect.
		Besides, the cooperation and support it draws from Deoband, Nadawa and other Islamic institutions are pointer that Tabligh Jama'at also serves the political interest of Muslim elite, who with their hidden political ambition do not want the freedom of the common Muslims from their medieval psyche.
	india.indymedia.org /en/2002/12/2532.shtml (2628 words)

	Islamic Art - Late Islamic Period: History
		The late Islamic period was an age of empires, when the Islamic world was governed by three powerful dynasties: the
		The Ottoman empire reached the peak of its military and political potency under Sulayman the Magnificent (r.
		In the early sixteenth century Iran was united under the rule of the Safavid dynasty, whose members traced their descent to Shaykh Safi, a Sufi who founded a dervish order at Ardabil, in northwestern Iran.
	www.lacma.org /islamic_art/lip.htm (434 words)

	The Legacy of Islamic Empires and their Arts
		Under the Mughals, India was the heart of a great Islamic empire and a prolific center of Islamic culture and learning.
		According to historian Gavin Hambly, the Mughals provided the setting for a brilliant court and a vigorous cultural life which was equal to Isfahan under the Safavid Shahs or Istanbul under the Ottoman Sultans.
		Their dynasty was the greatest, richest and longest-lasting Muslim dynasty to rule India.
	www.islamicart.com /library/empires/india (377 words)

	Sufism, Sufi thought, philosophy, influences, Islam, India, Pakistan, Afgahnistan, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Turkey
		In the earliest examples of the Islamic courts, particularly during the reign of the Abbasids in Baghdad, there was an informal separation of church and state and Arab civilization was able to make important gains, drawing inputs from a variety of eclectic sources - both indigenous and external (such as Indian and Mediterranean).
		This type of work was not inimical to the political interests of the Islamic conquerors and was generally tolerated, although often, Sufi scholars had to take great pains to reassure the orthodox Ulema that their scholarly treatises were not inconsistent with the worldview of Islam.
		In India, Sufis played a particularly important role in bridging the distance between Islam and the indigenous traditions, and perhaps, it may be argued that their influences were instrumental in the exquisite quality of the decorative artifacts and pre-industrial manufactured goods that were produced for the Indian courts - whether Islamic or Hindu.
	india_resource.tripod.com /sufi.html (3039 words)

	India in the past
		Many Indians emigrated from one part of India to other parts of India and not all local people of north India were pushed southwards by the Aryans.
		The kingdoms of India, especially in north India, sought with the collapse of the Moghul Empire, patronage of another Empire.
		The Sikhs in north India, Marathas rulers in west India and kingdom of Mysore in south India were among those who opposed the British rule.
	adaniel.tripod.com /india-past.htm (1580 words)

	india
		The visible beginning of the end for the Ottoman Empire was a war that actually started out as a minor conflict between two non-industrial dinosaurs: the Ottoman state and Tzarist Russia.
		Much of India was divided into divided and competing states led by Indian princes/leaders, a fragmentation that the BEIC used, playing Indian states off against each other and stepping in as a needed "ally".
		India and the Islamic world are two examples of this forced fusion of cultures.
	www.hcc.hawaii.edu /distance/hist/india.htm (2260 words)

	HIST 259 India in the Age of Empire: Syllabus
		I cry aloud to all, to the king and the beggar, the emperor and the fakir,
		During these centuries, India was ruled by a series of geographically and chronologically overlapping empires and regional states—each with its own distinct characteristics but all of them exhibiting some commonalities as well.
		This course begins with the empires of late antiquity and India's "golden age." We will then examine the great Indo-Islamic empires of North India from the arrival of Islam through the sultanates and dynasties of medieval India and the rise and decline of the Mughals.
	www.lclark.edu /~campion/hist259 (609 words)

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