Islamic astronomy - Factbites

Islamic astronomy - Factbites
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Topic: Islamic astronomy

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In the News (Fri 11 Dec 09)

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	Arab Astronomy
		Like most Islamic astronomers, he accepted the Ptolemaic model of the universe, and was partially responsible for spreading Ptolemaic astronomy not only in the Islamic world but also throughout Europe.
		For instance, Ptolemy's model of an earth-centered universe formed the basis of Arab and Islamic astronomy, but several Islamic astronomers made observations and calculations which were considerably more accurate than Ptolemy's.
		The Muslim holy book, the Koran, makes frequent reference to astronomical patterns visible in the sky, and is a major source of the traditions associated with Islamic astronomy.
	physics.unr.edu /grad/welser/astro/arab.html

	albiruni.html
		Medieval and Renaissance astrology is essentially Islamic astrology, a fact that is easily ascertained by noting the large number of Islamic sources quoted by William Lilly in the bibliography to his Christian Astrology or the many references made to Islamic authors by the Italian astrologer Guido Bonatti in his Liber Astronomiae.
		Al-Biruni follows a logical progression from first principles and begins with geometry, then goes onto to arithmetic, astronomy, geography, chronology and a discussion of the use of the astrolabe before reaching his introduction to astrology.
		Instead Al-Biruni presents astrology, the science of astral influences, as a logical and necessary part of Islamic philosophy and science.
	www.renaissanceastrology.com /albiruni.html (701 words)

	Heavenly Mathematics & Cultural Astronomy
		Crescent-Sighting and Islamic Calendars and Islamic Astronomy: Questions, Comments and Correspondence by David McNaughton.
		The goal of this course is to study astronomy in a cultural context.
		Most astronomy books are written from a high northern latitude point of view, but in this course we will take a tropical point of view.
	www.math.nus.edu.sg /aslaksen/teaching/heavenly.shtml (8301 words)

	Timeline of Islamic science and technology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Islamic science • Timeline of Islamic science • Astronomy• Medicine• Mathematics• Islamic Golden Age
		1411 [mathematics] Al-Kashi writes Compendium of the Science of Astronomy [5].
		Wrote extensive expositions on Islamic tenets and foundations of jurisprudence.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Timeline_of_Islamic_science_and_technology (3303 words)

	Islam and Modern Science
		Islamic philosophy, Islamic science, history of astronomy, history of physics, alchemy, biology, anything you study, miraculously comes to an end in the thirteenth century which coincides exactly with the termination of political contact between Islam and the West.
		His one book, Introduction to the History of Science, has lead to at least 500 or 600 books in Urdu, Persian, Malay, Arabic and other muslim languaged which are sold in the streets as Islamic Science because everybody is too lazy to go do his own or her own research.
		And so you have this dichotomy within the Islamic world, in which the modernists refuse to study the philosophical and religious implications of the introduction of Western science in the Islamic world, and the classical traditional ulema, and this cut across the Islamic world, all refused to have anything to do with modern science.
	web.mit.edu /mitmsa/www/NewSite/libstuff/nasr/nasrspeech1.html (7092 words)

	Lunar conjunction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The period of time between two lunar conjunctions is the synodic month, which is a basic unit in most lunar and lunisolar calendars such as the Islamic calendar and the Hebrew calendar.
		(See conjunction (astronomy) for a precise definition.) It is called the molad in Hebrew and is sometimes referred to as the new moon, though traditionally new moon refers to the first visible crescent of the moon.
		A lunar conjunction is the moment when the earth, moon and sun, in that order, are approximately in a straight line.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lunar_conjunction (141 words)

	The Solar Terms and the Chinese 60 Year Calendar Cycle
		Chinese astronomy divides the year into twenty-four parts, based on the longitude of the sun on the ecliptic, called "Solar Terms." As recounted in "Groundhog Day and Chinese Astronomy", the Chinese seasons begin at the midpoints between the solstices and equinoxes, not at the solstices and equinoxes themselves.
		The Chinese calendar was similarly used in Korea, Japan, and Mongolia, though I have had one Mongolian correspondent claiming that Chinese astronomy, attested from antiquity, was derived from the Mongols.
		The Chinese New Year is often called the "lunar" new year, but it is no more "lunar" than the Babylonian, Jewish, or Islamic new years, which are also based on lunar months.
	www.friesian.com /chinacal.htm (1234 words)

	Islamic Art: Art, Architecture and the Literary World (Robert Irwin)
		The Islamic sciences of optics, perspective, colour, and geometry shed light on art; there were also connections with astronomy and astrology.
		Islamic Art is an illustrated history that takes a broad approach, covering architecture, crafts, and aesthetics as well as "art" in the narrow sense, and placing them within their social and historical context.
		Islamic Art: Art, Architecture and the Literary World (Robert Irwin)
	dannyreviews.com /h/Islamic_Art.html (736 words)

	Islamic mathematics
		Islamic mathematics and Arabic mathematics are modern historical terms for the mathematical sciences in Islamic civilization from the beginning of Islam (A.D. 622) until the 17th century.
		The Islamic mathematical tradition was a continuation of the traditions of ancient Greece, India and pre-Islamic Iran.
		On mathematics education in Islamic India, with emphasis on the transmission of Euclid's Elements and Arabic and Persian commentaries.
	www.math.uu.nl /people/hogend/Islamath.html (7938 words)

	Islam Spain and the history of technology
		The Muslim invention of the astrolabe, for example, was one of the most important in astronomy until the invention of the telescope in the 17th century" (The Islamic World to 1600).
		Islamic Culture and the Medical Arts, an online Brochure to Accompany an Exhibition In Celebration of the 900th Anniversary of the Oldest Arabic Medical Manuscript In the Collections of the National Library of Medicine by Emilie Savage-Smith, University of Oxford, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, 1994, http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/islamic_medical/islamic_00.html.
		Before beginning to analyze the impact of the Muslim world on Western science and technology, it is helpful to understand the history and culture of the Islamic world.
	www.engr.sjsu.edu /pabacker/history/islam.htm (4014 words)

	science1.html
		They are organically embedded within that astronomy, so much so, that it would be inconceivable to extract them and still leave the mathematical edifice of Copernican astronomy intact.
		The beginnings of such an attempt to analyze the relationship between Copernican astronomy and Ptolemaic astronomy from that perspective were already tentatively advanced by the late Derek J. de S. Price, "Contra-Copernicus: A Critical Re-estimation of the Mathematical Planetary Theory of Ptolemy, Copernicus and Kepler," in Critical Problems in the History of Science, ed.
		By that I mean that they were seeking mathematical constructions that did not exhibit by their very definition a contradiction with the physical realities they were supposed to represent, as was clearly done in the defunct Ptolemaic astronomy.
	www.columbia.edu /~gas1/project/visions/case1/sci.2.html (4014 words)

	Useful Links
		Resources are selected, catalogued and indexed by researchers and other specialists in their respective fields, specifically in: astronomy, chemistry, earth sciences, physics, and science history and policy.
		The aim is introducing Islamic medicine, namely, renowned physicians of the Islamic era, medical institutions and Organizations, diseases and herbal medicines and other relevant issues.
		Designed to be a reliable and comprehensive text of evolution and progress of medicine in the world of Islam and Iran from the past up to present.
	www.ou.edu /islamsci/Useful%20Links.htm (1421 words)

	Skidmore College News Releases
		He works in the general area of history of Arabic science, with a special interest in the history of Arabic astronomy and the development of planetary theories in medieval Islamic times.
		In 1993 he received the History of Science Prize of the Third World Academy of Science and the History of Arabic Astronomy Prize of the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Science.
		Saliba has been a research fellow at the Center for Middle East Studies at Harvard, a fellow of the National Humanities Center in North Carolina, a fellow at the Dibner Institute for the History of Science at MIT, and a distinguished visiting professor at American University in Cairo.
	apollo.skidmore.edu /news/news.release.detail_show?p_news_id=599 (1421 words)

	Islamic astronomy by Owen Gingerich
		Yet although the story of how Greek astronomy passed to the Arabs is comparatively well known, the history of its transformation by Islamic scholars and subsequent retransmission to the Latin West is only now being written.
		The fact that only a single Arabic manuscript copy survives (in the Escorial Library near Madrid) suggests that al- Battani's astronomy was not as highly regarded in Islam as it was in Europe, where the advent of printing ensured its survival and in particular made it available to Copernicus and his contemporaries.
		A major impetus for the flowering of astronomy in Islam came from religious observances, which presented an assortment of problems in mathematical astronomy, specifically in spherical geometry.
	users.kfupm.edu.sa /phys/alshukri/PHYS215/Islamic%20astronomy.htm (1421 words)

	Arab Civilization
		Because of their Islamic faith, it was essential for the Arabs to obtain a more precise knowledge of astronomy and geography than was already available: a Muslim is obliged to perform a number of religious observances with distinctly astronomical and geographical implications.
		Islamic techniques of covering walls with breath-taking explosions of brightly-colored patterns, plastered ornaments and stretches of lustered tiles are best exemplified in the Alhambra, whose faience mosaic and tile designs were absorbed into the mainstream of Western design.
		While the Islamic community throughout the world is united by the two essential beliefs in (1) the Oneness of God and (2) the divine mission of His Prophet, there developed shortly after Muhammad's death a debate within the Islamic community over who should succeed the Prophet as leader of the faithful.
	www.alhewar.org /ArabCivilization.htm (1421 words)

	Arabesq's Islamic Studies
		Islamic knowledge and resources Seeking to provide authentic, original and inspiring information about Islaam, in shaa' Allah.
		Quran/Islamic Teaching Tips These tips are geared towards those involved in classic Islamic homeschooling to children.
		read fascinating accounts of some of the most talented Muslim scholars in history whose contributions have left lasting marks in the annals of science, astronomy, medicine, surgery, engineering and philosophy.
	www.arabesq.com /educate/Islamic.html (1421 words)

	Islamic Research Centres in Iran Imam Reza (A.S.) Network
		This center consists of two observatories,specialty library for astronomy,photography laboratory,calender center,computer site,audio-visual units and the planetarium.It was inaugurated on the occasion of 100th birthday anniversary of Imam Khomeini(R.A.) on Shahrivar 22, 1378 solar hijrah by the honourable president of Islamic Republic of Iran,Hojjat al-Islam Sayyid Muhammad Khatami.
		Different seminars and workshops are conducted regularly regarding astronomy and its related events attended by the leading experts and professors of the country.
		The research journals on astronomy entitled ''Telescope'' and "Sky and Astronomy" are published monthly for students,researchers and the public.
	www.imamreza.net /eng/imamreza.php?id=3607 (1421 words)

	Astronomy and Islam
		On this page there is a collection of useful links, usenet groups, software and other resources related to astronomy, many with an Islamic flavour.
		Astronomy has been called the "queen of sciences".
		There is a vast array of astronomy related software available for download on the Net.
	www.ummah.net /astronomy (1421 words)

	Lines of Faith - Astrology and Astronomy
		The main principles of Islamic astrology were inherited from the Babylonian and Greek cultures, and were made relevant to Muslim scholars because of the spiritual relationship, as interpreted from the Qu'ran, between the celestial bodies and the heavens, and man and the earth.
		Astrology and astronomy were closely linked in Islam, encapsulated in the Arabic term Ilm al-nujum, which means the study of both disciplines.
		The Qu'ran suggests that there are signs in nature for man to read, and in the history of Islam the study of astronomy and astrology were at one time regarded as having a higher spiritual purpose in thinking about the universe.
	www.mhs.ox.ac.uk /students/97to98/exhibits/pg_astro.htm (326 words)

	Islamic science - Screen-Gems
		During the middle ages, the advances in mathematics, medicine, astronomy, engineering, and many other fields were evidence that Islamic civilization had some knowledge of science and technology.
		Islamic science is science in the context of traditional religious ideas of Islam, including its ethics and prohibitions.
		An important figure of the Islamic mathematics was Al-Khwarizmi, the astronomer of the caliph of Baghdad.
	www.screen-gems.net /showthread.php?t=1039 (703 words)

	Desciption of Courses at ISTAC
		Early Medieval Western science, the influence of Islamic science upon the West, the development of late Medieval and Renaissance science, and Scientific Revolution and subsequent history of science to the present day with emphasis upon the important landmarks in the history of physics, astronomy, and biology.
		A survey of the rise of kalam in early Islamic society, the establishment of the Mu'tazila school, its rise and eclipse.
		A detailed history of Islamic architecture and decorative arts from the beginning to modern time as seen from the Islamic point of view, and relating these arts to both their cosmological and spiritual principles and social background.
	salam.muslimsonline.com /bicnews/Ilm/istac.htm (5103 words)

	HET607
		Medieval astronomy — the influence of Islamic science, pre-Copernicans, practical uses of medieval astronomy, the Copernican revolution— Tycho Brahe, Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, Giordano Bruno
		This unit will investigate the development and impact of astronomy from ancient times to the present day, from the viewpoint of practicing astronomers.
		Astronomy as international science, specialisation, the modern professional astronomer, the future of astronomy
	astronomy.swin.edu.au /sao/HET607.html (264 words)

	Astronomy
		Astronomy is not to be confused with astrology, a pseudoscience which attempts to predict a person's destiny by tracking the paths of astronomical objects.
		Astronomy is one of the few sciences where amateurs still play an active role, especially in the discovery and monitoring of transient phenomena.
		In astronomy, the main way of obtaining information is through the detection and analysis of electromagnetic radiation, photons, but information is also carried by cosmic rays, neutrinos, and, in the near future, gravitational waves (see LIGO and LISA).
	www.infomutt.com /a/as/astronomy.html (264 words)

	Armed Islamic Group
		In astronomy, a group is a small number of galaxies (up to 50 or so) that are near each other, like the Local Gfoup, which is the Griup of galaxies we live in.
		2) " Group" -- in the term Armed Islamic Group
		1) " Armed" -- in the term Armed Islamic Group
	www.bodawg.com /point/15542-armed-islamic-group.html (475 words)

	Armed Islamic Group -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		Contains links to pages focusing on the Hajj and Ramadan, astronomy, the Arabic language, Islamic news sources, and various other topics (some resources located off-site).
		Support for the Islamic militant movement came primarily from grass roots guerrilla organizations, such as the Armed Islamic Group (GIA),...
		militant Palestinian Islamic movement in the West Bank and Gaza Strip that is dedicated to the destruction of Israel and the creation of an Islamic state in Palestine.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9309924 (894 words)

	Al-Andalus, Islamic World in Medieval Spain - 2004-05-20
		The legacy of the golden age of al-Andalus is widespread and lasting: from advances in agriculture, science, medicine, astronomy, cartography and navigation to the beauty of architecture, music, poetry, silk weaving, ceramics and marble carving.
		Divisions like these weakened Islamic rulers of Andalusia, paving the way for Christian forces to gain control of the peninsula in the 13th century.
		Jews supported and welcomed Muslims in Spain because initially they prospered better under Islamic rule than Christian.
	www.voanews.com /english/NewsAnalysis/Archive/a-2004-05-20-41-1.cfm (816 words)

	ArtLex on Islam and Islamic Art
		includes a history of the Islamic religion, as well as an explanation of the interaction between the architecture, art, mathematics, astronomy, medicine practiced, and other aspects of the traditions governing Islamic culture.
		Islamic houses of worship are known in the west as mosques.
		Taj Mahal, 1630-1653, an Islamic tomb in a walled garden built for Shah Jahan's wife Mumatz Mahal [aka Arjuman Banu Begum], of bearing masonry and inlaid marble, with onion-shape domes and flanking towers, in Agra, India, seat of the Mughal Empire.
	www.artlex.com /ArtLex/ij/islamic.html (816 words)

	Astronomy Timeline
		Muhammad, founder of the Islamic religion, was born in 570 A.D. in Mecca.
		This is seen to be the start of Modern Astronomy.
		This is a timeline of important events in astronomical history.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /tour/link=/the_universe/uts/timeline.html (1175 words)

	Astronomy Timeline
		Muhammad, founder of the Islamic religion, was born in 570 A.D. in Mecca.
		This is seen to be the start of Modern Astronomy.
		This is a timeline of important events in astronomical history.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /tour/link=/the_universe/uts/timeline.html (1175 words)

	astronomy: Ancient Astronomy
		Greek astronomy and the medieval Arabic tradition: the medieval Islamic astronomers were not merely translators.
		Astronomy in Iran: astronomy is alive and well in this ancient land of contrasts and contradictions.
		Astronomy is the oldest of the physical sciences.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/sci/A0856745.html (1175 words)

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In the News (Fri 11 Dec 09)