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Topic: Islamic calendar

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	IslamiCity.com - The Islamic Calendar
		The Islamic calendar (or Hijri calendar) is a lunar calendar.
		The Islamic calendar is the official calendar in countries around the Gulf, especially Saudi Arabia.
		The Islamic calendar is based on visibility of the crescent Moon.
	www.islamicity.com /Science/islamic_calendar.shtml (781 words)

	History & info - the Islamic calendar
		The Islamic calendar (or Hijri calendar) is a purely lunar calendar.
		The calendar is based on the Qur'an (Sura IX, 36-37) and its proper observance is a sacred duty for Muslims.
		However, calendars are printed for planning purposes, but such calendars are based on estimates of the visibility of the lunar crescent, and the actual month may start a day earlier or later than predicted in the printed calendar.
	www.webexhibits.org /calendars/calendar-islamic.html (758 words)

	Crescent Moon Visibility and the Islamic Calendar (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Islamic calendar is based on lunar months, which begin when the thin crescent Moon is actually sighted in the western sky after sunset within a day or so after New Moon.
		This calendar consists of a 30-year cycle in which 11 of the 30 years are leap years.
		For Islamic calendar purposes, the sighting must be made with the unaided eye.
	aa.usno.navy.mil /faq/docs/islamic.html (1495 words)

	islam4theworld - Islamic Calendar (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Although the Islamic calendar was implemented backdating from July 16, 622CE, during the Khilafah (Term of a Caliph) of the second Khalifah (Caliph) of Muslims, ‘Umar bin Khattab R; it begins from the Hijrah of the Messenger of Allah, Muhammad S from Makkah to Madinah.
		Islamic calendar follows the cycles of moon (Lunar cycles) therefore it is a lunar calendar.
		Islamic calendar has approximately 355 days in a year (354 days, eight hours and 42 minutes to be exact), therefore years of the Islamic calendar are approximately ten days shorter than the Gregorian calendar year of 365 days, we normally use.
	www.islam4theworld.com /islamic_calendar/islamic_calendar.htm (1121 words)

	The Islamic Calendar - ReligionFacts
		Thus the Islamic holidays do not always fall in the same season, and they occur earlier every year on the solar calendar.
		Years on the Islamic calendar are numbered from the event of the Hijira in 622 CE, and designated AH (anno hijiri or "after the Hijira").
		The first day of the Islamic era is Muharram 1, 1 AH or July 16, 622 CE.
	www.religionfacts.com /islam/holidays/calendar.htm (219 words)

	Islamic calendar Summary
		The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar (Arabic: التقويم الهجري; also called the Hijri calendar) is the calendar used to date events in many predominantly Muslim countries, and used by Muslims everywhere to determine the proper day on which to celebrate Islamic holy days.
		The predecessor to the Islamic calendar was a lunisolar calendar which used lunar months, but was also synchronized with the seasons by the insertion of an additional, intercalary month, when required.
		On the other hand, Muhammad forbade the intercalary month (released the calendar from the seasons) near the end of his life, which implies a pre-Islamic year beginning near the vernal equinox because that is when the modern lunar year began during his last year.
	www.bookrags.com /Islamic_calendar (2993 words)

	Islamic Hijrah calendar
		This calendar has twelve lunar months, the beginnings and endings of which are determined by the sighting of the crescent moon.
		The Islamic calendar was first introduced by the close companion of the Prophet, 'Umar ibn Al-Khattab.
		Although calendars are printed for planning purposes, they are based on estimates of the visibility of the lunar crescent, and the Islamic month may actually start 1-2 days earlier or later than predicted.
	www.saudia-online.com /hijriyear.shtml (551 words)

	.:. Islamic Calendar .:. ASTRAL TRAVELER .:.
		The Islamic calendar is the official calendar in countries around the Persian Gulf, especially Saudi Arabia.
		The Islamic calendar was first introduced in 638 C.E. by the close companion of the Prophet (PBUH) and the second Caliph, Umar ibn Al-KHaTTab (592-644 CE) RAA.
		The Islamic (Hijri) calendar (with dates that fall within the Muslim Era) is usually abbreviated A.H. in Western languages from the latinized Anno Hegirae, 'in the year of the Hegira'.
	www.astraltraveler.com /calendars/islamic.html (595 words)

	Western-Islamic Calendar Converter
		The following Islamic calendar converter is based on the arithmetical or tabular calendar (often erroneously referred to as the “Fatimid calendar”) introduced by Muslim astronomers in the 9th century CE to predict the approximate begin of the months in the Islamic lunar calendar.
		Of each intercalary scheme two variants are possible depending on whether the epoch of the Islamic calendar (1 Muharram, 1 AH) is assumed to be 15 July, 622 CE (known as the “Thursday” or “astronomical” epoch) or 16 July, 622 CE (the “Friday” or “civil” epoch).
		In many Islamic countries the religious calendar is actually based on more sophisticated algorithms which predict the first visibility of the lunar crescent by rigorous calculation of the moon’s position with respect to the sun and the observer’s horizon.
	www.phys.uu.nl /~vgent/islam/islam_tabcal.htm (1393 words)

	5. The Islamic Calendar
		The Islamic calendar is the official calendar in countries around the Gulf, especially Saudi Arabia (but see section 5.5).
		years have passed in the Christian calendar, 1426 years have passed in the Islamic calendar, because its year is consistently shorter (by about 11 days) than the tropical year used by the Christian calendar.
		The 1st day of the 5th month of AD 20874 in the Gregorian calendar will also be (approximately) the 1st day of the 5th month of AH 20874 of the Islamic calendar.
	www.tondering.dk /claus/cal/node6.html (794 words)

	Iranian Calendar Converter
		The Gregorian calendar is the calendar that is used nearly everywhere in the world.
		A modification of the Julian calendar, it was first proposed by the Neapolitan doctor Aloysius Lilius, and was decreed by Pope Gregory XIII, for whom it was named, on 24 February 1582.
		The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar (also called "Hijri calendar") is the calendar used to date events in many predominantly Muslim countries, and used by Muslims everywhere to determine the proper day on which to celebrate Islamic holy days.
	www.iranchamber.com /calendar/iranian_calendar_converter.php (167 words)

	IslamicFinder: Info about Islam and Muslim Mosques (Masjids), Calendar, & Prayer times.
		The Islamic Calendar, which is based purely on lunar cycles, was first introduced in 638 C.E. by the close companion of the Prophet and the second Caliph, `Umar ibn Al-KHaTTab (592-644 C.E.).
		Since the Islamic calendar is purely lunar, as apposed to solar or luni-solar, the Muslim (Hijri) year is shorter than the Gregorian year by about 11 days, and months in the Islamic (Hijri) year are not related to seasons, which are fundamentally related to the solar cycle.
		The slight differences in printed Islamic calendars, worldwide, can therefore be traced to two primary factors: (1) the absence of a global criterion for first visibility; and (2) the use of different visibility criterion (or method of calculation).
	www.islamicfinder.org /hijri_intro.php (1111 words)

	Islamic Lunar Calendar
		It is decided to use astronomical calculation to determine the beginning of the Islamic lunar months with the consideration of the sightability of the crescent anywhere on the globe.
		A suggested Global Islamic Calendar based on Imkan-e-Ru'yah (sighting possibility) anywhere in the world is that if the moon is born before 12:00 UT [23:59 or less of the previous day at International Date Line (IDL)], then the month begins at sunset of that day everywhere in the world.
		Islamic Calendar should also follow the same convention of the day, so that the whole world can start Ramadan or Eid on the same day.
	moonsighting.com /calendar.html (413 words)

	Islamic Calendar
		The Islamic calendar, the Hijri, isbased on the lunar cycle.
		According to Islamic india Festiva The Islamic calendar is based on the lunar cycle and has 12 months in a year.
		According to the Islamic Calendar belief, Friday is the best day on which the sun rises, the day on which Adam,the first man, was taken into Paradise and turned out of it, the day on which he repented and on which he died.
	www.theholidayspot.com /islamic/muharram/calendar.htm (451 words)

	Islamic Calendar
		The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar is the calendar used to date events in predominately Muslim countries, and used by Muslims everywhere to determine the proper day on which to celebrate Muslim holy days.
		Islamic years are also called Hijra years because the first year was the year during which the Hijra occurred?Muhammad's emigration from Mecca to Medina.
		The predecessor to the Islamic calendar was a lunisolar calendar in that it used lunar months but was also kept synchronized with the seasons by the insertion of an additional, intercalary, month when required.
	muslim.matrimonials4all.com /muslim_religion/islamic_calendar.html (1573 words)

	What is the Islamic Calendar ?
		The actual starting date for the Islamic Calendar was chosen (on the basis of purely lunar years, counting backwards) to be the first day of the first month (1st Muharram) of the year of the Hijrah.
		The earliest date of Islamic calendar for which a Julian calendar date is exactly known is 9th Dhul-Hijjah, 10 AH, which corresponds to March 6, 632 C.E. (Friday), when the Messenger Muhammad (peace be upon him) performed his last and farewell pilgrimage to Makkah.
		Since the Islamic calendar is purely lunar, as apposed to solar or luni-solar, the Muslim (Hijri) year is shorter than the Gregorian year by about 11 days,and months in the Islamic (Hijri) year are not related to seasons, which are fundamentally related to the solar cycle.
	members.tripod.com /worldupdates/newupdates10/id167.htm (1252 words)

	Islamic Lunar Calendar
		It is decided to use astronomical calculation to determine the beginning of the Islamic lunar months with the consideration of the sightability of the crescent anywhere on the globe.
		A suggested Global Islamic Calendar based on Imkan-e-Ru'yah (sighting possibility) anywhere in the world is that if the moon is born before 12:00 UT [23:59 or less of the previous day at International Date Line (IDL)], then the month begins at sunset of that day everywhere in the world.
		Islamic Calendar should also follow the same convention of the day, so that the whole world can start Ramadan or Eid on the same day.
	www.moonsighting.com /calendar.html (413 words)

	The Islamic Calendars and Others- Understadning, calculating Ramadan, Hajj and other Islamic ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The rudiments of a calendar system may have been constructed as long ago as 2000 BC, when stone alignments were used, it is believed, to determine the length of the solar year by marking the progress of the Sun along the horizon.
		The Roman calendar was in error by several months during the reign of Julius Caesar, who recognized the need for a stable, predictable calendar and formed one with the help of an astronomer, Sosigenes.
		Sighting of the moon, to determine the new Islamic month, is an invention by the scholars that they took after the Jewish Rabbis who insist on sighting of the moon for their Jewish Lunar months.
	www.submission.org /calendar.html (2369 words)

	Calendar Converter
		The Gregorian calendar was proclaimed by Pope Gregory XIII and took effect in most Catholic states in 1582, in which October 4, 1582 of the Julian calendar was followed by October 15 in the new calendar, correcting for the accumulated discrepancy between the Julian calendar and the equinox as of that date.
		The calendar presented here is the most commonly used civil calendar in the Islamic world; for religious purposes months are defined to start with the first observation of the crescent of the new Moon.
		The Bahá'í calendar is a solar calendar organised as a hierarchy of cycles, each of length 19, commemorating the 19 year period between the 1844 proclamation of the Báb in Shiraz and the revelation by Bahá'u'lláh in 1863.
	www.fourmilab.ch /documents/calendar (5200 words)

	Islamic Calendar,islam Calendar,Calendar,Ramadan,Muslim Calendar
		Such a calendar would give an average month length of 29.53056 days, which is quite close to the synodic month of 29.53059 days, so on the average it would be quite accurate, but in any given month it is still just a rough estimate.
		As the year in the Islamic calendar is about 11 days shorter than the year in the Christian calendar, the Islamic years are slowly gaining in on the Christian years.
		The 1st day of the 5th month of C.E. 20874 in the Gregorian calendar will also be (approximately) the 1st day of the 5th month of AH 20874 of the Islamic calendar.
	www.funmunch.com /events/ramadan/islamic_calendar.shtml (647 words)

	What is Islamic Calendar (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Islamic calendar is based on lunar months, which begin when a thin new crescent Moon is actually sighted in the western sky after sunset within a day or so after the New Moon.
		Since the Islamic Lunar year has 12 lunar months, it is on an average, 11 days shorter than the (Gregorian) civil year, the Islamic year shifts earlier in each civil year by about 11 days.
		Although, the Islamic calendar was introduced in the Christian Era of 632 AD by the Messenger Muhammad (peace be upon him), the beginning of the Islamic era for the count of Islamic years was considered and discussed during 639 AD, the time of the 4
	www.missionislam.com /knowledge/calendar.htm (465 words)

	The Islamic Calendar
		It is the phase when Madinah became the center of an Islamic state.
		In North America, major Muslim organizations are working together to produce an Islamic calendar using the scientific data.
		The calendar publishers are requested to include major Muslim holidays in their calendars.
	www.islam101.com /dawah/calendar.htm (188 words)

	The Islamic (Hijri) Calendar — Infoplease.com
		The Islamic calendar is based on the lunar year of about 354 days.
		The Islamic year begins on the first day of Muharram, and is counted from the year of the Hegira (
		Islamic Holidays, A.H. 1423–1430 (2002–2009) - Islamic Holidays, A.H. 1423–1430 (2002–2009) In the Year of the Hegira Muharram...
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0777381.html (241 words)

	The Islamic calendar
		The Islamic calendar, the Hegira, is based on the lunar cycle.
		The years of the Muslim calendar are lunar and always consist of 12 lunar months alternately 30 and 29 days long, beginning with the approximate New Moon.
		Late in the 19th century, the Gregorian calendar was adopted.
	www.theholidayspot.com /ramadan/calendar.htm (701 words)

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