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Topic: Islamic calligraphy

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	Islamic Calligraphy with Mohamed Zakariya
		In the Islamic tradition, the writing is connected and so it has a different aspect to it than the others do involving many connections that are made between the letters.
		In the Islamic tradition, the calligraphic art usually existed as a part of the religious tradition, whereby religious texts, as well as what some would consider secular texts, but they often had a religious base to them, were produced to a level of art that was not consistent with just scribal work.
		That is interesting from an Islamic arts standpoint, because it tends to follow the older Islamic practice of avoiding naturalism in art.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /exhibition/islamic_medical/calligraphy/calligraphy.html (1715 words)

	Review \| The Splendor of Islamic Calligraphy by Abdelkebir Khatibi & Mohammed Sijelmassi
		The Splendor of Islamic Calligraphy by Abdelkebir Khatibi and Mohammed Sijelmassi
		Islamic calligraphy is not based on aesthetics or logic -- although many of its scripts certainly have that -- but on what Muslims call
		As in the West during the days of troubadours and bards, Islamic poetry was committed to memory and recited in exact or ever-so-slightly improvised forms by their creators or reciters.
	www.januarymagazine.com /artcult/islamcalig.html (1660 words)

	Islamic Art - calligraphy (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Calligraphy is probably the most important features of islamic art as it is used on artefacts and in architecture.
		Calligraphy is usually used for verses from the Quran which is the sacred scripture for muslims.
		Calligraphy is used in mosques on the walls and ceilings along with geometrical patterns.
	www.newman.ac.uk /Students_Websites/~s.bashir/writing.HTM (81 words)

	Zakariya Calligraphy : Resources & Papers : Music for the Eyes
		The torch of Islamic calligraphy had, in effect, been passed to the Ottomans, and two contemporary calligraphers were to decide the fate of the art.
		The uses of calligraphy are as varied as the styles, but the primary application is the manuscript book, especially the Quran, which was copied in toto as a mushaf or in separate sections, used for memorization and recitation.
		Similarly, the use of calligraphy on gravestones is a powerful reminder of the Islamic concept of a life well lived, from beginning to end.
	www.zakariya.net /resources/music.html (3341 words)

	Introduction to Islamic Art
		Islamic art is perhaps the most accessible manifestation of a complex civilization that often seems enigmatic to outsiders.
		Royal patronage of secular art was also a standard feature of Islamic sovereignty, one that enabled the ruler to demonstrate the splendor of his court and, by extension, the superiority of his state.
		The late Islamic period was an age of empires, when the Islamic world was governed by three powerful dynasties: the Safavids in Iran; the Mughals in India; and the greatest of the late Islamic dynasties, the Ottomans, who ruled Anatolia, the Arab lands, and much of eastern Europe.
	calligraphyislamic.com /IntroIslamicArt.html (4493 words)

	Islamic calligraphy
		Islamic calligraphy is a visible expression of the highest art of all for the muslim.
		Islamic calligraphy is the art of writing, and by extension, of bookmaking.
		The Islamic calligraphies especially the verses from the Holy Quran and the verses from the sayings of the Holy Prophet are considered to be very sacred to muslims.
	www.paintingsgifts4u.com /asp/Islamic-calligraphy.asp (855 words)

	Chinese Japanese Islamic Calligraphy As Leather Brush Art
		To the artist, calligraphy is an exercise of mind and body, first to choose the most expressive styling for a passage, then to bring the vision to life with pen, paper and persona.
		Chinese Calligraphy, or Shu, became so valued by the Chinese culture that it was made one of the four basic skills and disciplines of the literati, the others being Hua (painting), Qin (a stringed musical instrument) and Qi (a strategic board game).
		The Chinese calligraphy of the great master Wang was so treasured by the Emperor Tang Taizong, who had spent a lifetime collecting it, that he ordered the precious scrolls be buried with him when he died.
	www.namepaintings.com /history.html (746 words)

	The Islamic World to 1600: The Arts, Learning, and Knowledge (Calligraphy)
		Arabic became a basic component of Islamic culture, mostly because it was the language of the Qur'an.
		In the early Islamic period, calligraphy was written on parchment or papyrus from Egypt.
		On coinage, calligraphy replaced images of rulers early in the Islamic period, as the ruler's name became more important than his face in symbolising the state.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/islam/learning/calligraphy.html (838 words)

	Arabic calligraphy
		Decorative writing – calligraphy – is one of the highest art forms of the Arab world.
		This includes a general overview of calligraphy in an Islamic religious context and discusses the work of famous calligraphers.
		It describes the instruments used for calligraphy and how the proportions of the letters are determined.
	www.al-bab.com /arab/visual/calligraphy.htm (517 words)

	Background Essay no. 84 \| Islamic Calligraphy and the Illustrated Manuscript \| AskAsia.org (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Islamic artistic traditions depend heavily on the use of geometric, floral and textual patterns because the Prophet Muhammad warned against idol worship.
		Islamic calligraphy and illustrated manuscripts have been highly prized for millennia.
		Calligraphy and manuscript decoration became important court art traditions in different parts of the Islamic world.
	www.askasia.org /teachers/essays/essay.php?no=84&era=05&grade=04&geo= (472 words)

	Islamic Art
		Islamic art is the art of a civilization based on the Islamic religion.
		Islamic art was in its prime between the years 800 through 1700.
		Calligraphy is the most prominant form of Islamic art not only because images are frowned on in the Islamic world, but because the other art forms; ceramics, glass, metalworks each draw on calligraphy as their major source of embellishment.
	www.sfusd.k12.ca.us /schwww/sch618/islam/b04/Islam_Arabic_Calligraphy.html (830 words)

	early islamic calligraphy
		Calligraphy is an Islamic tradition longstanding in the culture, against the advent of the technical age, for over eleven centuries.
		Calligraphy came about when the Arabic language was formalized and embellished out of neccesity to transcribe the Koran, which had been preached through oral tradition until the death of Muhammad (632).
		The significance of Islamic calligraphy in the culture stems from the essence of the religion.
	studentwebs.coloradocollege.edu /~L_FISCHER/AH210 (652 words)

	Arabic Calligraphy, Introduction
		Arabic calligraphy is a primary form of art for Islamic visual expression and creativity.
		The aesthetic principles of Arabic calligraphy are a reflection of the cultural values of the Muslim world.
		The scope of Arabic calligraphy is vast and diffuse.
	www.islamicart.com /main/calligraphy/intro.html (909 words)

	Islamic Art - Islamic Art of Calligraphy and Arabesque
		The Arabesque, one of aspects of Islamic art, usually found decorating the walls of mosques, is an elaborate application of repeating geometric forms that often echo the forms of plants and animals.
		But calligraphy (as seen by the Muslims) is a visible expression of the highest art of all; the art of the spoken word - the transmittal of thoughts and of history.
		IAAO is a non-profit organization dedicated to promote the awareness of Islamic arts and architecture as a humanistic study, recognizing the inter-relationship between the arts and other academic disciplines.
	www.huntfor.com /arthistory/medieval/islamic.htm (1276 words)

	Islamic Calligraphy
		Its forms, however, differ, as Arabic calligraphy has surpassed the end of writing process itself to reach eternity in terms of design and styles; further becoming one of the outstanding features of Islamic arts, constituting the common denominator for all Arab and Islamic arts, either they were taking shapes of fixed buildings or mobile antiques.
		The major practices of Islamic art were, and still are; metalwork, pottery, painting, calligraphy and rugs.
		The engravings usually showed religious symbols in calligraphy, and sometimes even put their famed gold stamps (which are made with a special paint, not ink, when used on pottery) right on to the surface of the slip.
	www.geocities.com /haiwada (932 words)

	Islamic Calligraphy
		Islamic Calligraphy; Calligraphy has a very special place in Islam, because it's strongly bound-up with the Quranic revelation in two ways.
		Arabic and Islamic calligraphy exists in all sizes and in all modes of artistic expression, most important are the works written from the 7th century onwards, on paper using a basic quill pen.
		In established calligraphy studios, copies of the Quran were written on parchment in oblong format, and inscription were designed which were later chiseled into stone for buildings, or woven or embroidered into materials as ornamentation.
	www.islamicarchitecture.org /art/islamic-calligraphy.html (1328 words)

	Arabic Calligraphy by M.J. Alhabeeb
		Although it is a time-intensive activity, calligraphy is a gratifying experience for both the calligrapher and his audience.
		The core of such a challenge of balance was posed through delivering artistic images, flowing in a poetic mode and progressing in a rhythmic pace, by employing a visual scope restricted by stringent elements such as the finite number of the alphabetical shapes, uncompromising aesthetic rules, and strict geometrical measurements and proportions.
		I must stress, though, that this project is not a political act to promote Islamic ideology, nor is it a reflection of mere spiritual experience of an individual, as the text of the pieces may suggest.
	www.people.umass.edu /mja/statement.html (1485 words)

	ISLAMIC CALLIGRAPHY : ISBN: 0748612122
		Calligraphy, the art of writing beautifully, became one of the main methods of artistic expression from the 7th century, in almost all regions from the far Maghrib, or Islamic West, to the Indian sub-continent.
		The aims of the book are to offer a standardized terminology and reference work for identifying styles of Islamic calligraphy, and to help Westerners appreciate why calligraphy is so important in Islamic civilisation.
		She is the world's leading expert on Islamic calligraphy.
	www.vanguardbooks.com /cgi-local/vbl/titlebrowse.pl?isbn=0748612122&subject= (209 words)

	Islamic Calligraphy in Arabic and Persian
		AR: There are two key facts that will help you appreciate the elevated position of calligraphy in the Islamic world: First, specific depictions of the human form are considered sacrilege in Islam.
		The value of calligraphy was such that it could be readily converted into currency: calligraphic panels traded for their weight in gold.
		AR: On the Islamic calendar, most of my collection dates from 1100 AH to 1300 AH--making them approximately 17th through 19th century on the western calendar.
	www.biddingtons.com /content/expertcalligraphy.html (992 words)

	Fayeq Oweis, Arabic & Islamic Art, Arabic Calligraphy, Arabic language teaching
		Islamic Calligraphy by Rasheed Butt - Samples of the work of a calligrapher from Islamabad, who works in both Arabic and Persian, on religious and poetic texts.
		Islamic Calligraphy from a Private Collection - Images of Islamic calligraphy in Arabic and Persian from a private collection, with commentary from Biddington's Consultancy..
		Islamic Calligraphy with Mohamed Zakariya - The artist describes the art of calligraphy and the materials he uses; illustrated with video samples..
	www.oweis.com /calligraphy.html (493 words)

	Islamic Art in Malaysia: ThingsAsian
		Islamic Art comes from the religion of Islam, which was formed from as long ago as the seventh century in the Middle East.
		The interiors and exteriors of mosques have wonderful examples of Islamic calligraphy, with local calligraphers sometimes working side by side the architectures to ensure the best results are achieved.
		Islamic art is essentially an art form that has survived the test of time through its continuous updating and evolution.
	www.thingsasian.com /stories-photos/1658 (1118 words)

	The Art of Islamic calligraphy
		Today, calligraphy has become the most revered art form in the Islamic world because it links the literary heritage of the Arabic language with the religion of Islam.
		Calligraphy is an extremely demanding activity, and most of the great Muslim masters devoted their lives to perfecting their art.
		Mastery of calligraphy requires not only the discipline of developing technical skill, but also the engagement of the calligrapher's moral force and personality.
	www.livingislam.org /artcl_e.html (557 words)

	Mohamed Zakariya
		The temptation of Islamic reformers is to reject, in the name of modernity, anything they consider old-fashioned or out-moded.
		Indeed, late 20th-century Islamic calligraphy is alive and well -- and, although the developmental and evolutionary chain is still intact, the art today is quite unlike its precursors in all but spirit.
		For the modern Islamic artist, particularly the artist of Western birth, there is the persistent problem of ethnicism in contemporary culture.
	www.mideasti.org /indepth/islam/zakaria.htm (1182 words)

	Islamic Art, Music, And Architecture Around The World
		Islamic Art By Elisabeth Siddiqui, this essay discusses the relationship of Islamic art to the principles of Islam, a relationship that exists largely for Muslim and spiritually interested viewers of Islamic art.
		Islamic Architecture of Isfahan This is an award winning virtual tour of Isfahan, which was the capital of Iran during the Safavid dynasty.
		Islamic Architecture from the Middle East These images are largely from the Ibn Tulun and Sultan Hasan mosques in Cairo and the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem (al-Quds).
	www.uga.edu /islam/IslArt.html (2955 words)

	BBC - Dorset - divine art - Islamic Calligraphy - a spiritual inspiration
		This is why Islamic art is based around writing and geometry which is visually vibrant and deep in literal meaning.
		Islamic art of different cultures created at different times in history have common features.
		Islamic calligraphy is spiritually inspiring for local Muslims like Hisham and for millions of Muslims all over the world.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dorset/content/articles/2006/12/19/hisham_person_profile.shtml (426 words)

	Islamica Magazine - Sacred Space: The Mosque of the Two Pillars
		Perhaps most striking were the dancing strokes of master calligraphy that gave color and form to God’s words and helped to create a space of calm repose.
		In the 1970s these items were gradually removed and in 1987, at the request by Muslim students for a space to perform their prayers, the Campus Ministry offered to clean out the Repository and convert it into a Muslim place of worship, which it has been ever since.
		Calligraphy is called Islamic and not Arabic; likewise, this mosque is Islamic art, not Arab, Turkish, American or ethnic anything.
	www.islamicamagazine.com /content/view/108/62 (1656 words)

	Arabic Calligraphy by Rasheed Butt
		Butt has concentrated upon composing hilya, the time honoured description of the beauty of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), using the three extant descriptions and writing them in both nashk and nastaliq in a style and shape worthy of their noble contents.
		A special feature of Rasheed Butt's calligraphies is the ornamentation in golden hues and colours with most subtle arabesques, reviving the most delicate designs.
		We hope that the Pakistani master calligrapher will live for many many years to fill the world with the beautiful designs of his miracle-working pen so that we can admire through him the quintessential Islamic art, that of calligraphy, which developed due to the wish to write the word of God as beautifully as possible.
	www.rasheedbutt.com (256 words)

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