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	Islamic World - Islamic Names, About ALLAH, About Prophet Muhammad, Islamic Stories, and more...
		Muslims believe that there is a Day of Judgment when all people of the world throughout the history of mankind till the last day of life on earth, are to be brought for accounting, reward and punishment.
		Hence, the Islamic calendar includes both the common era and the migration (Higra) year of the Prophet of Islam from Makkah to Madinah in the year of 623 C.E. Celebrations (Eid): Muslims have two celebrations (Eid); namely, Eid of Sacrifice and Eid of Fast-Breaking.
		The Muslims of the early period of the Islamic era were pioneers in medicine, chemistry, physics, geography, navigation, arts, poetry, mathematics, algebra, logarithms, calculus, etc. They contributed to the Renaissance of Europe and world civilization.
	www.batkhela.com /islam (1396 words)

	Islam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Islamic texts depict Judaism and Christianity as derivations of the teachings of the prophet Abraham and thus acknowledges their Abrahamic roots, whilst the Qur'an calls Jews and Christians (and sometimes people of other faiths) "People of the Book".
		Islamic eschatology is concerned with the Qiyamah (end of the world) and the final judgment of humanity.
		Islamic holy days fall on fixed dates of the lunar calendar, which means that they occur in different seasons in different years in the Gregorian calendar.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Islamic (5461 words)

	Islamic world: Just the facts... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In some places, Muslims implement a form of Islamic law (The code of law derived from the Koran and from the teachings and example of Mohammed), called shariah (The code of law derived from the Koran and from the teachings and example of Mohammed) in Arabic.
		Islamic economics (additional info and facts about Islamic economics) bans interest ((law) a right or legal share of something; a financial involvement with something) but in most Muslim countries Western banking (Transacting business with a bank; depositing or withdrawing funds or requesting a loan etc.) is allowed.
		Some believe that the Islamic World is fated to democratize and replace constitutional monarchy (additional info and facts about constitutional monarchy) and military dictatorship (additional info and facts about military dictatorship) with representative democracy (additional info and facts about representative democracy).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/i/is/islamic_world.htm (2462 words)

	Encyclopedia: Islamic world (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Islamic world is the world-wide community of those who identify with Islam, known as Muslims, and who number approximately one-and-a-half billion people.
		The flag of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) The Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC; Arabic: Ù…Ù†Ø¸Ù…Ø© Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø¤ØªÙ…Ø± Ø§Ù„Ø¥Ø³Ù„Ø§Ù…ÙŠ) (French: Organisation de la Conference Islamique) is an inter-governmental organization with a Permanent Delegation to the United Nations.
		Islamic eschatology is concerned with the Qiyamah (end of the world) and the final judgement of humanity.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Islamic-world (882 words)

	Islam and Muslims Contemporary Issues - Islamic Law - Shari'a and Encountering Islamic Law
		Islamic law may have played at the margins of Western legal theory yet the Western encounter with it reveals that colonialism is the ever present absence at its centre.
		The representation of Islamic law both in popular culture and academic literature in English is redolent with colonial idioms, rooted in the orientalist project, and in particular is reliant on the theory of oriental despotism.
		Islamic law was developed from the systematic application of the principles of the Qur'an and the sunna by leaders of the Islamic communities which were established in the first two centuries after the hijra [622 CE].
	www.islamic-paths.org /Home/English/Issues/Law/Encountering.htm (12231 words)

	USC-MSA Compendium of Muslim Texts
		While the world of Islam has entered into the modern world in the form of national states, continuous attempts are made to create closer cooperation within the Islamic world as a whole and to bring about greater unity.
		In various parts of the Islamic world there is, however, a sense that educational institutions must be expanded and also have their standards improved to the level of the best institutions in the world in various fields of learning especially science and technology.
		The destinies of the Islamic world and the West cannot be totally separated and therefore it is only in understanding each other better that they can serve their own people more successfully and also contribute to a better life for the whole of humanity.
	www.usc.edu /dept/MSA/introduction/woi_modernera.html (1717 words)

	Islamic History and Culture - Country Perspective America: Muslims in the Americas Before Columbus
		In Al-Masudi's map of the world there is a large area in the ocean of darkness and fog (the Atlantic ocean) which he referred to as the unknown territory (the Americas).
		The details of his ocean journey are mentioned in Islamic references, and many Muslim scholars are aware of this recorded historical event.
		Sultan Mansa Kankan Musa (1312 - 1337 CE) was the world renowned Mandinka monarch of the West African Islamic empire of Mali.
	www.islamic-paths.org /Home/English/History/Countries/America/Muslims_Before_Columbus.htm (1556 words)

	World Press Review - The Intellectual Roots of Islamic Fundamentalism
		The common theme in Qutb’s writings is his prognosis that the Western, secularized world, which is deeply inferior to Islam, must be replaced by an Islamic world order.
		He also points to the political implications this development brings with it for the world’s 55 Islamic nations, for Europe with its 23 million Muslim immigrants, and for global development.
		Since a considerable portion of the Muslim world adopted elements of modernity, Islamists are directing their fight equally as much against the “Westernization” of their own civilization—a type of Muslim civil war.
	www.worldpress.org /europe/0102dagens.htm (1337 words)

	Islam Spain and the history of technology
		Before beginning to analyze the impact of the Muslim world on Western science and technology, it is helpful to understand the history and culture of the Islamic world.
		The influence of the Muslim world on Western science can be seen in the vocabulary of science as many of the words used by Muslim scientists have been retained and have entered the English language.
		Islamic Culture and the Medical Arts, an online Brochure to Accompany an Exhibition In Celebration of the 900th Anniversary of the Oldest Arabic Medical Manuscript In the Collections of the National Library of Medicine by Emilie Savage-Smith, University of Oxford, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, 1994, http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/islamic_medical/islamic_00.html.
	www.engr.sjsu.edu /pabacker/history/islam.htm (4014 words)

	Islamic Herald - Islam and Science
		During the Middle Ages the Islamic World had a very significant impact upon Europe, which in turn cleared the way for the Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution.
		The internal organization of these European colleges was strikingly similar to the Islamic ones, for example the idea of Graduate (Sahib) and undergraduate (mutafaqqih) is derived directly from Islamic terms.
		Islamic contributions to Science were now rapidly being translated and transferred from Spain to the rest of Europe.
	www.ais.org /~bsb/Herald/Previous/95/science.html (902 words)

	Islamic Philosophy
		This textbook is compiled for the purpose of introducing the students of the Islamic seminaries in Qom to the rudiments of Islamic philosophy.
		That is, Islamic philosophy starts from an acceptance of the premise that Existence, or reality, actually and already exists, external to and independent from ourselves as human beings, and it names the very Being of Existence itself as Allah.
		The fundamental quest of Islamic philosophy is therefore to understand the nature of Allah, our own relation to Allah, and in general how the nature of all beings relate to the Being which is named Allah.
	www.erraticimpact.com /~topics/html/islamic_philosophy.htm (1447 words)

	U.S. Relations with the Islamic World - Brookings Institution
		Scholars across Brookings identify key areas for public debate and begin plotting a course with research, analysis and dialogue Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit esse molestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis at vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit praesent...
		Seeking to establish dialogue and understanding between Islamic and western cultures, internationally renowned Islamic scholar Akbar Ahmed led a team of dedicated young Americans on a daring and unprecedented tour of the Muslim world.
		The 2007 U.S.-Islamic World Forum brought together leaders from over 37 Muslim countries and communities for dialogue and exchange with American leaders.
	www.brookings.edu /projects/islamic-world.aspx (1023 words)

	Welcome to Freedom House (Site not responding. Last check: )
		"The reality in much of the Islamic world is that democratic voices are opposed not only by tyrannical regimes but also by powerful Islamic political forces, some of them supported by the power of the mosque, which often promotes antidemocratic and anti-Western viewpoints," said Mr.
		By contrast, in the non-Islamic world, 85 countries are Free, 40 are Partly Free, and 20 are Not Free.
		While every other region of the world has registered significant gains for democracy and freedom, the countries of the Islamic world have experienced a significant increase in repression.
	www.freedomhouse.org /media/pressrel/121801.htm (1118 words)

	Islamic mathematics (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Islamic mathematics and Arabic mathematics are modern historical terms for the mathematical sciences in Islamic civilization from the beginning of Islam (A.D. 622) until the 17th century.
		The Islamic mathematical tradition was a continuation of the traditions of ancient Greece, India and pre-Islamic Iran.
		On mathematics education in Islamic India, with emphasis on the transmission of Euclid's Elements and Arabic and Persian commentaries.
	www.math.uu.nl /people/hogend/Islamath.html (7938 words)

	POLITICS: ”Islamic Extremism” Alienates Most in Muslim World
		While most respondents in predominantly Muslim countries voiced concerns that Islamic extremism can lead to violence, fewer personal freedoms, internal divisions, and retarded economic development, the balance of opinion was that Islam is playing a larger political role in their nations, a development that was welcomed by most.
		In non-Muslim countries, on the other hand, fears of Islamic extremism were found to be closely associated with concerns that Muslims living there did not want to assimilate and were in fact gaining a stronger sense of Islamic identity -- a development that was viewed especially negatively in France, Germany and the Netherlands.
		The survey also found a divide in the Islamic world on the meaning of ”Islamic extremism” between those who defined it as the ”violent removal of non-Muslim influences” and those who saw it as the imposition of strict Shari'ah laws.
	www.ipsnews.net /news.asp?idnews=29500 (1059 words)

	USC-MSA Compendium of Muslim Texts
		Islam was destined to become a world religion and to create a civilization which stretched from one end of the globe to the other.
		Not only did the Islamic conquests continue during this period through North Africa to Spain and France in the West and to Sind, Central Asia and Transoxiana in the East, but the basic social and legal institutions of the newly founded Islamic world were established.
		Farther east in the Malay world, Islam began to spread in the 12th century in northern Sumatra and soon Muslim kingdoms were establishd in Java, Sumatra and mainland Malaysia.
	www.usc.edu /dept/MSA/introduction/woi_history.html (1906 words)

	Amazon.com: The Cambridge Illustrated History of the Islamic World: Books: Ira M. Lapidus,Francis Robinson (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Islamic peoples account for one fifth of the world's population and yet there is widespread misunderstanding in the West of what Islam really is. Francis Robinson and his team set out to address this, revealing the complex and sometimes contrary nature of Muslim culture.
		In the next chapter, the Islamic world from 1000 to 1500 AD is covered, when Islam had spread across the Middle East, west to Spain and west Africa and east towards India and Central Asia.
		Mention is made of both historical traderoutes and interconnectedness in the Islamic world, stretching from Morocco to Indonesia, and of modern economies in predominantly Muslim states.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0521669936?v=glance (1691 words)

	BBC News \| SOUTH ASIA \| Musharraf berates Muslim world
		Muslim nations are internally involved in fratricidal conflicts and perceived by the outside world as terrorists with little attention being given on their uplift, he said.
		Once such an assessment is made, it would not be difficult to realise that the entire Islamic world was far behind the developed world, he argued.
		The Muslim Ummah, or the Islamic world, he said was presently living in darkness.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/world/south_asia/newsid_1824000/1824455.stm (418 words)

	Islamic World Encyclopedia, Definition, History, Biography @ ARTISTICNUDITY.COM (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Nations were conquered, and their inhabitants were given a choice to convert to Islam, or live as dhimmis, protected second class citizens practicing an officially accepted religion.
		Suharto, Moammar Qaddafi, Zia al-Haq, Saddam Hussein, to cynically exploit Islamic imagery and language without following the rules, sometimes implementing weak but spectacular forms of sharia in rural areas to appease peasant supporters.
		It is expected that executions of perpetrators of that attack, which hit mostly citizens of Australia, will polarize that nation further.
	www.artisticnudity.com /encyclopedia/Islamic_World (2138 words)

	IslamiCity.com - Education (Site not responding. Last check: )
		For a fifth of the world's population, Islam is both a religion and a complete way of life.
		Islamic Education Many people of other faiths often ask us to recommend material that could give them a quick overview about Muslims and Islam.
		Visit the iEducation section for links to Islamic schools in North America and Europe and other educational institutions around the world.
	www.islamicity.com /education (233 words)

	The Islamic World to 1600: The Arts, Learning, and Knowledge (Al-Ghazali) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Abu Hamid al-Ghazali was born in 1058 in the Persian province of Khurasan.
		He was educated in Islamic theology at renowned institutions in Nishapur and Baghdad, and became a professor in religion and philosophy at Nizamiyah University in Baghdad - one of the Islamic world's most prominent institutions at that time.
		In adopting the Aristotelian principals of the humanist ancient Greeks, Islamic philosophers since the 9th century, such as Al-Farabi and Ibn Sina, had come into conflict with theologians who claimed that Aristotelian philosophy contradicted Islamic doctrine.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/islam/learning/ghazali.html (549 words)

	UNICEF - Policy analysis - Investing in children in the Islamic world
		The report, entitled ‘Investing in the Children of the Islamic World’, says children can and should be the focal point for Islamic governments in their drive for greater unity and solidarity across the Islamic world.
		The report was released by the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC), the Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (ISESCO) and UNICEF, at an event hosted by the Permanent Mission of Malaysia to the United Nations in New York.
		The report calls for governments to work together and with Islamic financial institutions, and for richer Islamic nations to help the poorer ones so that assistance can be channelled to meet the critical needs of children.
	www.unicef.org /policyanalysis/index_28328.html (733 words)

	Arts of the Islamic World \| Freer and Sackler Galleries
		The phrases “arts of the Islamic World” and “Islamic art” refer to a variety of artistic traditions that have flourished since the advent of Islam in the late seventh century across a vast geographic area ranging from southern Spain and North Africa to the islands of Southeast Asia.
		While different regions developed their own distinctive styles, the resulting artwork shared several characteristics inspired by their common religion, such as the use of calligraphy to transform simple objects into works of art and the use of abstract geometric designs to decorate the Koran, the holy text of Islam.
		The Freer and Sackler galleries have one of the finest collections of Islamic art in the United States, with particular strengths in ceramics and illustrated manuscripts.
	www.asia.si.edu /collections/islamicHome.htm (311 words)

	Menara Marinara As Islamic World Trade Centre? :: Bernama.com
		Raja Mohamad stressed that it is high time that Islamic countries forged greater trade among themselves and as such the trade centre will be a one-stop centre for all OIC (Organisation of Islamic Conference) countries to showcase their products and services at a permanent place which could also promote business networking among them.
		He also pointed out that more than two-thirds of the world's oil reserves are in OIC countries, as well as 40 percent of world's exports of raw materials, and as such there is no reason why they cannot become a cohesive and dynamic economic power in the world.
		According to Raja Mohamad, the OIC's 10-Year Programme of Action adopted at its Extraordinary Summit in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in December 2005 sets a strategic goal to raise the level of OIC intra-trade to 20 percent of world trade during the decade until 2015.
	www.bernama.com /bernama/v3/news_lite.php?id=294459 (719 words)

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