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Topic: Island of stability

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	Island of stability - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		3-dimensional rendering of the theoretical Island of Stability.
		The island of stability is a term from nuclear physics, which describes the possibility of elements which have particularly stable "magic numbers" of protons and neutrons.
		The idea of the island of stability was first proposed by Glenn T. Seaborg.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Island_of_stability (772 words)

	Islands - Islands of the World: Preserving Unique Island Life, Culture and the Environment of Islands
		Islands and their coastal areas are also a critical source of food, jobs and income for millions of people—more than 500 million people live on more than 100,000 islands around the globe.
		Islands act as the "canaries in the coal mine" for many major global threats, demonstrating the impacts of climate change and invasive species far before they are visible on larger land masses.
		Island leaders from Micronesia to Grenada committed to protecting 20% to 30% of their land and nearshore marine areas by 2020.
	www.nature.org /wherewework/islands (533 words)

	CMS—Discovery of Elements 113 and 115 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The "island of stability" refers to a predicted region of superheavy elements on the chart of nuclides with half-lives that are longer by several orders of magnitude than the half-lives of other superheavy elements.
		The existence of the island of stability was shown in 1998 with the discovery of the superheavy element 114.
		The island of stability is a specific subset of the superheavy elements, nuclides characterized by a spherical shape.
	www-cms.llnl.gov /e113_115/about.html (1554 words)

	Present at the Creation
		The Livermore researchers are continuing its work to explore the southwest shores of the island of stability.
		Current exploration of the island of stability, or its beaches, is limited to stable targets and projectile beams.
		Thus, an isotope of element 114 with a mass of 290 or 291, two neutrons closer to the center of the island, may well be possible.
	www.eurekalert.org /features/doe/2002-01/drnl-pat062402.php (3104 words)

	Island of stability
		Hence, the heaviest elements are relatively stable, with half-lives in the region of micro- to milliseconds, and they decay by alpha-emission rather than spontaneous fission.
		On the basis of shell-model calculations, one had expected a particularly stable configuration with closed proton- and neutron shell (analogous to lead-208) at Z = 114 (due to the spin-orbit splitting of the 2f-level) and N = 184.
		A confirmation that one has reached the island of stability for the first time with the synthesis of element 118 would be the starting point for a detailed exploration of that island.
	www.rzuser.uni-heidelberg.de /~q61/el118.html (1311 words)

	CERN Courier - First postcard from the isla - IOP Publishing - article
		Most of these nuclei are highly unstable, but a fundamental nuclear physics prediction says that these superheavy elements would eventually reach an "island of stability" (figure 1).
		This spherical shell, coming after the 126-neutron shell in the stable lead-208 nucleus, is so strong that its influence, according to the calculations, extends even to those nuclei that have more than 170 neutrons, thus increasing their lifetime by many orders of magnitude.
		From this point of view the properties of the new nuclei, synthesized in reactions induced by calcium-48, could be considered a first experimental indication of the existence of the island of stability of superheavy spherical nuclei.
	www.cerncourier.com /main/article/39/7/18 (833 words)

	Superheavy Nuclei
		The large electrostatic forces cause heavy nuclei to decay rapidly by the emission of alpha particles (helium nuclei) and by spontaneous fission.
		A nucleus with a completely filled shell of either protons or neutrons is said to be magic because it is relatively more stable than nuclei with either a larger or a smaller number of nucleons.
		Most magic nuclei are spherical in shape, but some nuclei can lower their energy somewhat, and hence increase their stability, by rearranging their protons and neutrons into deformed shells accommodating a different number of nucleons.
	t2.lanl.gov /tour/shn.html (717 words)

	NATURAL, MAN-MADE DISASTERS THREATEN STABILITY OF SMALL ISLAND DEVELOPING STATES
		This vulnerability is as a result of their often remote locations, small and fragile economies based on tourism and a small number of exports, heavy dependence on fossil fuel imports and limited availability of natural resources including land and water.
		Most of the islands in the region are also heavily dependent on oil imports themselves with 90 per cent of the energy used in the region derived from crude oil.
		In some islands the decline in coastal and reef-living stocks has forced many islanders to switch to often imported less nutritious foods such as mutton flaps, turkey tails, tinned fish and corned beef, resulting in a “deterioration of health and increases in non-communicable diseases”.
	www.un.org /News/Press/docs/2004/envdev805.doc.htm (1514 words)

	Super heavy - 17 July 1999 - New Scientist
		In fact, there should be an "island of stability" where superheavy atoms have lifetimes of many years.
		However, one nucleus of one isotope could not confirm that the island of stability exists.
		"We have reached the island of stability, but there is a very high mountain to climb," adds Andrei Popeko, one of the Dubna team.
	www.newscientist.com /article/mg16321951.500.html (303 words)

	Financial stability issues for small island states (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Although the objective is ultimately still that of maintaining financial stability, it is immediately recognised that the policies, techniques and means of achieving this stability in the former case may be different than those in the latter case.
		Here it is not being proposed that the authorities charged with monitoring financial stability in island and small state economies should only consider domestic issues as being relevant for the conduct of their function.
		Thus, it is important that the policies, instruments, norms and tools applied by small island state economies to detect and manage systemic instability in institutions, markets and payment and settlements systems, are based on norms or models which are commonly used by their much larger counterparts.
	www.miamalta.org /March09.htm (2450 words)

	Curious About Astronomy: Can superheavy elements (such as Z=116 or 118) be formed in a supernova? Can we observe them?
		It is theorized that an island of nuclear stability exists in the 114-116 region of atomic mass.
		Whether the island of stability can be reached therefore depends on the maximum atomic number that can support the r-process described above without induced fission occuring.
		Once the island of stability was predicted, people started writing lots of papers saying both yes, no and maybe to the question of whether the island of stability could be reached by the r-process.
	curious.astro.cornell.edu /question.php?number=599 (827 words)

	The Island Ecosystem of Ambergris Caye, Reef Briefs, Green Reef Belize Coral Reef Conservation Environmental NGO ...
		Islands are unique ecosystems because they are isolated; thus species have the opportunity to evolve much faster, almost an accelerated form of Natural Selection.
		Ambergris Caye, is an island that is particularly rich because of the presence of the world's second largest barrier reef.
		Stability of the island has been maintained with the help of mangroves, which take root in the sediment surrounding the island.
	www.ambergriscaye.com /reefbriefs/briefs44.html (621 words)

	History & Culture
		From the earliest recordings of the Island’s history, the African Diaspora presence on the Island of Martha’s Vineyard has been documented as an industrious one that has contributed greatly to the Island’s art, economic, political, and religious communities.
		Several families of the Island’s current African Diaspora community have ancestors who came to the young town of Oak Bluffs during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, in pursuit of the Island’s well-regarded natural beauty, religious fervor, and opportunities for financial independence.
		In the Island’s business community in the year 2001, the African Diaspora influence is present in all six Island towns and in many forms of commerce.
	www.mvy.com /islandinfo/historyafricandiaspora.html (1498 words)

	Sand Island Lighthouse Article
		Island's shore and is submerged up to its foundation.
		During the Civil War, Morris Island was at the subject of several sieges.
		Island's erosion made having a lightkeeper's dwelling nearly impossible.
	www.thelighthousepeople.com /alabama/Sand_island_article.htm (1918 words)

	Island Packet Sailing Yacht FAQ's (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Polyclad 2 is a gel coat system used below the waterline on Island Packet yachts that has a 10 year limited warranty against osmotic blisters.
		It is impervious to rotting and delamination (unlike traditional wood coring) and has a 10 year limited warranty against deck core degradation.
		Island Packet Yachts underwent inspection and were given Category A ratings (for unlimited offshore use) by the International Marine Certification Institute (IMCI) and were the first US sailboat builder to be so certified.
	www.islandyachtingcentre.com /faq.html (320 words)

	An Island of Stability - - science news articles online technology magazine articles An Island of Stability (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The elements tend to get progressively less stable the further beyond uranium you go because their nuclei contain progressively more positively charged protons, and like charges repel one another.
		The significance of the shell structure for the stability of the nucleus is this: each shell has room for only a certain number of particles, and an atomic nucleus is most stable when all its shells are filled to capacity.
		Indeed, the stability of an egg-shaped 162-neutron nucleus may be nothing compared with that of the next spherical proton shell, at magic number 114.
	www.discover.com /issues/aug-94/departments/anislandofstabil417 (1387 words)

	CMS—Present at the Creation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Map of the voyage to the island of stability.
		A Stormy Voyage to the Island of Stability
		A schematic representation of the decay sequence of the first atom of element 114, isotope 114-289.
	www-cms.llnl.gov /s-t/creation.html (3358 words)

	New elements discovered and the island of stability sighted (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		During the past sixty years, a large amount of work has been devoted to producing elements that do not occur in nature; this is the subject matter of artificial nucleosynthesis.
		Elements up to atomic number 94 occur naturally; elements of atomic number larger than 94 are produced either in nuclear reactors or by using accelerators.
		These artificial or synthetic elements are not stable.....
	www.ias.ac.in /currsci/aug10/articles9.htm (115 words)

	The Unstable Narcissist
		The narcissist is dependent upon "his" woman to maintain the stability lacking in all other areas of his life (to compensate for his instability).
		His career is the island of compensating stability in his otherwise mercurial existence.
		The narcissist, fearing and loathing intimacy, stability and security – yet craving them – approaches and then avoids significant others or important tasks in a rapid succession of apparently inconsistent and disconnected cycles.
	samvak.tripod.com /faq32.html (1579 words)

	CERN Courier - Second postcard from the isl - IOP Publishing - article
		Since then, patient work has discovered a series of highly unstable superheavy nuclei, but a fundamental nuclear prediction said that an "island of stability" would eventually be reached.
		The article "First postcard from the island of nuclear stability" (CERN Courier September 1999) reported the first results obtained at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, on the synthesis of superheavy nuclei in fusion reaction induced by a calcium-48 beam.
		This increased stability significantly extends research in the region of superheavy elements, opening up the study of such areas as their chemical properties and the measurement of their atomic masses.
	www.cerncourier.com /main/article/41/8/17 (1550 words)

	Op-Ed Contributor: Greetings From the Island of Stability
		Then, in the late 1960's, a radical new concept of the nucleus emerged — the notion that its protons and neutrons were arranged in "shells" (like the "shells" of electrons that whirled around the nucleus).
		The stability of the nucleus of an atom, it was theorized, depended on whether these nuclear shells were filled, just as the chemical stability of atoms depended on the filling of their electron shells.
		It was calculated that the ideal (or "magic") number of protons required to fill such a nuclear shell would be 114, and the ideal number of neutrons would be 184.
	www.nytimes.com /2004/02/08/opinion/08SACK.html?ex=1391576400&en=68476e9da837f91f&ei=5007&partner=USERLAND (551 words)

	An Island of Stability in a Sea of Bailouts
		An Island of Stability in a Sea of Bailouts
		As the Asian economic crisis mounts, the cries for bailouts have become deafening.
		But amid the din, there is an island of tranquillity -- one piece of troubled Asia where only the low, busy hum of productivity is heard: the Republic of China on Taiwan.
	www.heritage.org /Press/Commentary/ed012998b.cfm?RenderforPrint=1 (656 words)

	Elements 116 and 118 Discovered at Berkeley Lab
		Although both new elements almost instantly decay into other elements, the sequence of decay events is consistent with theories that have long predicted an "island of stability" for nuclei with approximately 114 protons and 184 neutrons.
		"We jumped over a sea of instability onto an island of stability that theories have been predicting since the 1970s," said nuclear physicist Victor Ninov who was first author of a paper that has been submitted to Physical Review Letters.
		Elements 118 and 116 were discovered by accelerating a beam of krypton-86 ions to an energy of 449 million electron volts and directing the beam into targets of lead-208.
	www.lbl.gov /Science-Articles/Archive/elements-116-118.html (1061 words)

	Two New Elements
		For decades nuclear physicists have been studying the limits of nuclear stability by producing elements with ever more protons and neutrons.
		This "island of stability" was tentatively confirmed in January, when a team from the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, announced that an atom of element 114 had lived in their lab for 30 seconds--practically forever in a field where half-lives are usually measured in microseconds.
		"It isn't just a prediction [now]; there really is added stability at this high neutron number near element 114." Gregorich and Lougheed both expect a flurry of experiments using this newly discovered pathway to superheavy nuclei; Gregorich even suggests chemical reactions could be studied among these elements in the future.
	focus.aps.org /story/v4/st8 (603 words)

	Controversyplagued superheavy element 118 finally created
		The Island of Stability is a term from nuclear physics that describes the possibility of elements, which have particularly stable "magic numbers" of protons and neutrons.
		As for the future, the LLNL-Dubna team will continue to map the region near the "Island of Stability." In 2007, the team plans to look for element 120 by bombarding a plutonium target with iron isotopes.
		The search for such an "island of stability" continues, but quantum level effects will become 'fuzzy' in larger nuclei.
	www.physorg.com /news80226997.html (1476 words)

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