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Topic: Ismail of Egypt

	Egypt - ISMAIL, TAWFIQ, AND THE URABI REVOLT
		Egypt - ISMAIL, TAWFIQ, AND THE URABI REVOLT
		Ismail achieved a considerable degree of independence from the Porte (from Sublime Porte, the term for the High Gate that came to be synonymous with the Ottoman government) by making large payments to the Ottoman treasury.
		Ismail's attempt to make Egypt independent foundered eventually because of the gap between the revenues the country could produce and the expenses necessary to achieve his goals.
	countrystudies.us /egypt/24.htm (619 words)

	Egypt under Muhammad Ali and his successors - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In October 1822 Ismail, with his retinue, was burnt to death by Nimr, the melk (king) of Shendi; and the defterdar, a man infamous for his cruelty, assumed the command of those provinces, and exacted terrible retribution from the inhabitants.
		On the June 26, 1879 Ismail suddenly received from the sultan a curt telegram, addressed to him as ex-khedive of Egypt, informing him that his son Tewfik was appointed his successor.
		Urabi pleaded guilty, was sentenced to death, the sentence being commuted by the khedive to banishment; and Riaz resigned in disgust.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Egypt_under_Mehemet_Ali_and_his_successors (4495 words)

	The Ultimate Isma'il Pasha - American History Information Guide and Reference
		Isma'il Pasha, known as Ismail the Magnificent (December 31, 1830–March 2, 1895) was khedive of Egypt from 1863 until he was removed at the behest of the British in 1879.
		Ismail was born at Cairo, being the second of the three sons of Ibrahim Pasha and grandson of Mehemet Ali.
		Ismail at once left Egypt for Naples, but eventually was permitted by the sultan to retire to his palace of Emirghian on the Bosporus.
	www.historymania.com /american_history/Ismail_of_Egypt (932 words)

	GORDON - LoveToKnow Article on GORDON (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Ismail Pasha, feeling, no doubt, that Gordons resignation would injure his prestige, wrote to him saying that he had promised to return, and that he expected him to keep his word.
		He reached Cairo in March, and was at once appointed by Ismail as president of a commission of inquiry into the finances, on The understanding that the European commissioners of the debt, who were the representatives of the bondholders, and whom Ismail regarded as interested parties, should not be members of the commission.
		General Stephenson, who was in command of the British troops in Egypt, wished to send a brigade at once to Dongola, but he was overruled, and it was not until the beginning of November that the British relief force was ready to start from Wadi Halfa under the command of Lord Wolseley.
	65.1911encyclopedia.org /G/GO/GORDON.htm (5210 words)

	Ismail Pasha
		Ismail was a very ambitious leader of Egypt, aiming at bringing the country back to former greatness.
		The result was factually bankruptcy for Egypt, directly leading his fall as khedive and the British occupation in 1882.
		Among Ismail's most successful projects were to create a modern Cairo, as well as parts of Alexandria, with wide avenues and buildings based upon European models.
	i-cias.com /e.o/ismail_p.htm (341 words)

	Ismail Pasha Biography / Biography of Ismail Pasha Biography Biography
		Ismail Pasha was born in Cairo, the grandson of Mohammed Ali and second son of Ibrahim Pasha.
		Ismail succeeded Mohammed Said as the ruler of Egypt in 1863, when the American Civil War increased the demand for Egyptian cotton and when the expected profits from the soon to be completed Suez Canal made Egypt seem more prosperous than it actually was.
		Ismail's ambitions in the Sudan are considered in Richard Hill, Egypt in the Sudan, 1820-1881 (1959), and in William B. Hesseltine and Hazel C. Wolf, The Blue and the Gray on the Nile (1961), which describes the story of former Civil War officers in Egyptian service.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-ismail-pasha/index.html (643 words)

	Khedive Ismail
		Ismail achieved a considerable degree of independence from the Porte (from Sublime Porte, the term for the High Gate that came to be synonymous with the Ottoman government) by making large payments to the Ottoman treasury.
		For example, in return for increasing Egypt's annual payment to the Ottoman treasury from £175,000 to £400,000, Sultan Abdul Aziz allowed Ismail to change the rule of succession from the oldest surviving male heir of Muhammad Ali to direct male primogeniture in his family.
		During Ismail's reign, 112 canals, 13,440 kilometres long, were dug; 400 bridges were built; 480 kilometres of railroad lines were laid; and 8,000 kilometres of telegraph lines were erected.
	www.travel-to-egypt.net /history-of-egypt-autonomy-occupation.html (618 words)

	Ismail ... youregypt.com
		Ismail was a visionary leader who had his own dreams for a modern European-style Egypt, just like his grandfather, Mohamed Ali.
		In 1869 Suez Canal was inaugurated in a splendid ceremony.
		Ismail, who embarked upon the second modernization wave of the country after Mohamed Ali, built residential quarters in Cairo and Alexandria of European style, installing all up-to-date infrastructures like sewage.
	www.youregypt.com /ehistory/history/mohamedali/ismail (641 words)

	Kingdom of Egypt
		Although Egypt is accounted the control of much of the inner north of Africa including the desert highlands of Libya and Ethiopia, as well as the peninsula of the Sinai, it is mostly just a long thin strip hugging the banks of the River Nile.
		Egypt is ancient, one of the so-called cradles of civilisation.
		Formerly Ismail was known as a moderate friendly to both France and Avalon, keen on bringing his backward nation up to date (as far as the Ottomans would allow).
	mywebpages.comcast.net /rumtigger2/Nations/egypt.htm (1901 words)

	Cairo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cairo is located on the banks and islands of the Nile River in the north of Egypt, immediately south of the point where the river leaves its desert-bound valley and breaks into three branches into the low-lying Nile Delta region.
		These western areas, built on the model of Paris by Ismail the Magnificent in the mid-19th century, are marked by wide boulevards, public gardens, and open spaces.
		Napoleon left Egypt after his fleet was destroyed at the Battle of Aboukir Bay in August 1798, leaving General Kléber in charge.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cairo (1694 words)

	Arab Republic of Egypt
		Mohammed Aliís grandson, Ismail, was the ruler of
		The Suez Canal was built by France and Egypt in the decade of 1859-69.
		Egypt was the fourth Middle Eastern country to allow women to vote after Israel, Syria, and Lebanon.
	www.humboldt.edu /~go1/hist334/egypt.html (972 words)

	Ismail Pasha
		Ismail was a very ambitious leader of Egypt, aiming at bringing the country back to former greatness.
		The result was actual bankruptcy for Egypt, directly leading to his fall as khedive and the British occupation in 1882.
		Among Ismail's most successful projects were to create not only a modern Cairo, but also parts of Alexandria, with wide avenues and buildings based upon European models.
	lexicorient.com /e.o/ismail_p.htm (335 words)

	Egypt Khedive Ismail, 1863-79 - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, ...
		Ismail's goals for Egypt were similar to those of his grandfather, Muhammad Ali.
		Ismail's attempt to make Egypt independent foundered eventually because of the gap between the revenues the country could produce and the expenses necessary to achieve his goals.
		During Ismail's reign, 112 canals, 13,440 kilometers long, were dug; 400 bridges were built; 480 kilometers of railroad lines were laid; and 8,000 kilometers of telegraph lines were erected.
	workmall.com /wfb2001/egypt/egypt_history_khedive_ismail_1863_79.html (676 words)

	Khedive Ismail
		When his predecessor Saiid died, Ismail was the eldest male in the family and accordingly Egypt’s rule passed to him.
		Ismail strove against slave trade in Sudan, expanded Egypt’s properties in Africa, and inaugurated the Suez Canal for international navigation.
		Ismail died in 1895 and was buried in Cairo
	www.presidency.gov.eg /html/e_khedive_ismail.html (175 words)

	AllRefer.com - Egypt - Major Cities \| Egyptian Information Resource
		Shubra al Khaymah (1986 population 500,000), on the Nile north of Cairo's Bulaq quarter, is a manufacturing suburb with a heavy concentration of textile factories.
		At the northern and southern termini of the Suez Canal were Port Said with a population of 358,000 and Suez with 271,000.
		In Upper Egypt were Asyut on the Nile with a population of 250,000 and Al Fayyum, an oasis with a population of 215,000.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/egypt/egypt67.html (1328 words)

	Ismail Of Egypt Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In 1866-7 he obtained from the Ottoman Sultan, to whom he was still technically a vassal, firmans giving him the title of khedive in exchange for an increase in the tribute.
		This was shown in 1876, when the assembly persuaded Ismail to reinstate the law (enacted by him in 1871 to raise money and later repealed) that allowed landownership and tax privileges to persons paying six years' land tax in advance.
		In December 1875, Stephen Cave was sent out by the British government to inquire into the finances of Egypt, and in April 1876 his report was published, advising that in view of the waste and extravagance it was necessary for foreign Powers to interfere in order to restore credit.
	www.karr.net /search/encyclopedia/Ismail_of_Egypt (1273 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : The Expeditions of Chaille-Long (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		That campaign, launched by Ismail, Khedive of Egypt, in the early 1870's, was largely led by Ismail's extraordinary foreign legion of American Civil War officers: some 50 veterans from both the Union and Confederate armies.
		In Egypt Chaillé-Long and two other officers were met by two American generals who escorted them, aboard the Minister of War's special train, to Cairo to meet Ismail.
		Ismail asked Chaillé-Long to stay but he declined and in September, 1877 resigned, leaving General Stone as almost the only member of the American Military Mission in Egypt.
	saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/197806/the.expeditions.of.chaille-long.htm (3145 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Ismail Pasha (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Ismail Pasha (1830-1895), khedive of Egypt, second son of Ibrahim Pasha, born in Cairo, and educated in Paris.
		Khedive, hereditary title granted to the viceroy of Egypt, Ismail Pasha, by the Ottoman sultan in 1867 when Egypt was under the rule of the...
		Son of Ismail Pasha, Fuad was born in Cairo and originally named Ahmed Fuad...
	encarta.msn.com /Ismail_Pasha.html (121 words)

	Egypt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Egypt was an Augustan province so the governors were appointed directly by the Emperor rather than by the traditional Senatorial lottery.
		Because of the importance of Egypt as the Empire's breadbasket, by law the governor of Egypt could not be of the Senatorial class (it was feared that consolidating too much power in a Senator invited revolt).
		Though their hegemony was short-lived, the Hyksos left a lasting impact on Egypt; they introduced the composite bow, the khopesh sword, the horse and the chariot as well as many Canaanite gods and religious concepts.
	www.hostkingdom.net /egypt.html (2522 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Special \| Ismail Sabri Abdullah: Mapping the Arab future
		Ismail Sabri Abdullah was born in Minya on 25 December 1925, and died in Cairo on 6 November 2006.
		When Ismail Sabri Abdullah walked onto the stage to collect his State Merit Prize for social sciences from President Mubarak, it may have well reaffirmed one of his most deeply rooted beliefs about the fate of committed intellectuals in the third World "knowing both prison and power".
		A similar deliberation informed his decision to return to Egypt, despite the offer of further opportunities in France, and he made what he calls "a very deliberate and rational choice to become a revolutionary militant in Egypt," a choice which landed him in prison for a good portion of the late 1950s and early 1960s.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2006/819/special.htm (1121 words)

	The Egyptian Prince - Little-Horus.Org
		Ali Bey, was able to rise to his position of authority as Shayk Al Balad, or the governor of Cairo in 1763 because of the governing system imposed on Egypt by the conquering Ottomans.
		But he was betrayed by his rival Ismail Bey and killed in 1773.
		Ismail returned Egypt to the Ottoman control, but it still remained in the hands of the Mamelukes.
	www.horus.ics.org.eg /en/history/TheEgyptianPrince.aspx (119 words)

	Overcoming Deterrents and Impediments to Electronic Commerce in Light of Globalization: The Case of Egypt
		Egypt maintains peaceful diplomatic relations with its neighboring countries and is regarded as the leader of political mediation and negotiations in the Arab region.
		The creation of a CA in Egypt is crucial, not only because of the importance of the CA's duties, but also because of the need for a trusted, impartial, transparent, and knowledgeable third party (with the proper expertise) to offer expert advice to the Egyptian legal system in related cases.
		Egypt's actions occasionally indicate that this thought is pervasive in the minds of its top policymakers, but there is no direct champion of e-commerce to truly liberate this policy and arouse the interest of all sectors of the government and of society.
	www.isoc.org /inet99/proceedings/1g/1g_3.htm (5978 words)

	Egypt Khedive Ismail, 1863-79 - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, ...
		Journalists and the American consuls in Egypt such as Edwin de Leon held a more balanced view, arguing that Ismail inherited an unfavorable Suez Canal agreement and a significant public and private debt from his uncle, Said.
		They noted that although Ismail spent lavishly, much of the money he borrowed from European bankers was used for building or repairing the country's infrastructure.
		During Ismail's reign, 112 canals, 13,440 kilometers long, were dug; 400 bridges were built; 480 kilometers of railroad lines were laid; and 8,000 kilometers of telegraph lines were erected.
	www.workmall.com /wfb2001/egypt/egypt_history_khedive_ismail_1863_79.html (663 words)

	Egypt: Confederate in King Ismail's Court, Egypt Antiquity News
		Ismail, who built the Suez Canal, was struggling with debt to Europe, and a possible takeover of Egypt by European interests.
		In 1869, Ismail employed an American officer, Captain Thadeus P. Mott of the late Union army to engage American officers for the Egyptian army.
		In the end, the American's were not able to save Ismail from his growing debt to the Europeans, but they certainly spiced up life in Old Cairo for a while.
	www.touregypt.net /featurestories/confederate.htm (851 words)

	Americans in the Egyptian Army: Ismail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Ismail dreamed of Egyptian independence from the empire of the Ottoman Turks, and envisioned a modern, Western Egypt, equal with the great powers of Europe.
		Ismail’s dreams seemed doomed from the start, since the extreme financial burdens that resulted from the canal project were leading to growing British and French influence in Egypt.
		Ismail needed commanders to organize and oversee the army, instructors to teach his soldiers, and engineers to build forts and map territories.
	home.earthlink.net /~atomic_rom/khedive.htm (358 words)

	A SNAPSHOT OF EGYPT'S POSTAL HISTORY, December 3, 1994
		Despite their valuable contributions to Egypt's modern postal service, Meratti and Chini are not as historically connected with the development of Egypt's first private service ÷ the Posta Europea ÷ as was their countryman Giacomo Muzzi.
		Because rural Egypt had no streets per se, and the very few that existed were unnamed and the houses unnumbered, it was for the recipient to check with the post office if he had received mail.
		To mark the occasion, two commemorative stamps bearing the portrait of Khedive Ismail were issued in tribute to the man who introduced the first modern postal administration in Egypt, and under whose reign the first Egyptian stamp was issued in 1866.
	www.egy.com /historica/94-12-03.shtml (3316 words)

	Americans in the Egyptian Army: Endgame
		While those remaining did not know it at the time, the veterans of Egypt were the vanguard of a new and powerful nation, an America that would soon project its doctrine of democracy and free enterprise around the globe.
		For reasons both internal (Egypt’s aversion to change) and external (hostile European powers), his attempts at modernization and empire mostly failed.
		Ismail spent the rest of his days in exile in Italy and Turkey, never to return to Egypt in life.
	egypt.atomicmartinis.com /end.htm (403 words)

	THE NEWS BLOG
		Ismail was also forced to delegate governmental responsibility to his cabinet, which was made independent of the khedive and responsible for the administration of the country.
		It was Ismail's attempt to associate the Egyptian notables with his financial policies, and thus, to demonstrate support for his taxes and foreign loans.
		In a shrewd political move, Ismail summoned the European consuls and confronted them with the discontent of the delegates, the disaffection in the army, and the general public uneasiness.
	stevegilliard.blogspot.com /2004/12/colonial-warfare-pt-21.html (5315 words)

	William Wing Loring: Egypt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Ismail, the Khedive of Egypt, was seeking American officers to help modernize his nation’s army.
		Ismail had dreams of Egyptian independence from the Ottoman Turks, as well as ambitions of his own empire.
		Ismail’s uncle Saïd had begun construction of the Suez Canal (ironically, partly funded by Egyptian cotton sales to Europe during the American Civil War), which had put Egypt in great debt.
	home.earthlink.net /~atomic_rom/legypt.htm (686 words)

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