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	Riaz Pasha - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Little is known of his early life save that until the accession of Ismail Pasha to the vice-royalty of Egypt in 1863 he occupied a humble position.
		Ismail, recognizing in this obscure individual a capacity for hard work and a strong will, made him one of his ministers, to find, to his chagrin, that Riaz was also an honest man possessed of a remarkable independence of character.
		When Ismail's financial straits compelled him to agree to a commission of inquiry Riaz was the only Egyptian of known honesty sufficiently intelligent and patriotic to be named as a vice-president of the commission.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Riaz_Pasha (620 words)

	Arabi Pasha - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Having entered the army as a conscript he was made an officer by Said Pasha in 1862, and was employed in the transport department in the Abyssinian campaign of 1875 under Ismail Pasha.
		In 1878 he was employed by Ismail in fomenting a disturbance against the ministry of Nubar, Rivers Wilson and de Blignieres, and received in payment a wife from Ismail's harem and the command of a regiment.
		On the ist of February 1881 Arabi and two other Egyptian colonels, summoned before a court-martial for acts of disobedience, were rescued by their soldiers, and the khedive was forced to dismiss his then minister of war in favour of Mahmud Sami.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Arabi_Pasha (624 words)

	AllRefer.com - Ismail Pasha (North African History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Ismail Pasha[is´´mAEl pAshA´] Pronunciation Key, 1830–95, ruler of Egypt (1863–79), son of Ibrahim Pasha.
		Ismail used the Egyptian cotton crop, enormously enhanced in value by the American Civil War, to obtain credits for grandiose schemes, including irrigation projects, schools, palaces, the construction of the Suez Canal, and the extension of Egyptian rule in Sudan.
		In 1875, Ismail was forced to sell to Great Britain his stockholdings (some 44%) in the Suez Canal, and in 1876 he was obliged to place the finances of Egypt under the control of a debt commission that represented the French and British bondholders.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/I/IsmailPa.html (271 words)

	Isma'il Pasha Summary
		Ismail Pasha (1830-1895) was the charming but spendthrift pasha and khedive of Egypt during the decade prior to British occupation.
		Ismail Pasha was born in Cairo, the grandson of Mohammed Ali and second son of Ibrahim Pasha.
		Ismail was born in Cairo, being the second of the three sons of Ibrahim Pasha and grandson of Mehemet Ali.
	www.bookrags.com /Isma'il_Pasha (1639 words)

	eghistory
		Viceroy and pasha of Egypt (1805-49), founder of the dynasty that ruled Egypt from the beginning of the 19th century to the middle of the 20th.
		Abbas I (of Egypt) (1813-1854), pasha of Egypt (1849-1854), grandson of the pasha Muhammad Ali.
		Ismail was compelled to abdicate in favour of his son Muhammad Tawfik Pasha in 1879 and subsequently lived in exile abroad.
	ejournal.tripod.com /p1.htm (1460 words)

	Ismail Pasha
		Ismail was a very ambitious leader of Egypt, aiming at bringing the country back to former greatness.
		Among Ismail's most successful projects were to create not only a modern Cairo, but also parts of Alexandria, with wide avenues and buildings based upon European models.
		1879 June: Ismail is dismissed by the Ottoman sultan.
	lexicorient.com /e.o/ismail_p.htm (335 words)

	Egypt State Information Service - Rulers of Egypt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Ismail strove against slave trade in Sudan, expanded Egypt's properties in Africa, and inaugurated the Suez Canal for international navigation; however, during his reign, Egypt's debts increased greatly which led to the interference of England and France in Egypt's internal affairs under the allegation of protecting their interests.
		Ismail's poor financial policy led to his isolation in 1879 by Sultan Abd El-Hamid II, under the pressure of England and France, who appointed his son Tawfik Pasha as the Khedive of Egypt.
		Ismail died in 1895 and was buried in Cairo.
	www.sis.gov.eg /En/History/ruler/080900000000000005.htm (1219 words)

	Ismail Pasha
		Ismail Pasha, Khedive of Egypt, was born at Cairo on the 31st of December 1830, being the second of the three sons of Ibrahim and grandson of Mehemet Ali.
		Ismail projected vast schemes of internal reform, remodelling the customs system and the post office, stimulating commercial progress, creating a sugar industry, introducing European improvements into Cairo and Alexandria, building palaces, entertaining lavishly and maintaining an opera and a theater.
		Ismail then used every available means, by his own undoubted powers of fascination and by judicious expenditure, to bring his personality before the foreign sovereigns and public, and he had no little success.
	www.nndb.com /people/205/000104890 (1302 words)

	Tewfik Pasha
		Khedive of Egypt, son of the Khedive Ismail, was born on the 15th of November 1852.
		Ismail sought this alteration mainly because he disliked his uncle, Halim Pasha, who was his heir-presumptive, and he is supposed to have imagined that he would be able to select whichever of his sons he pleased for his successor.
		Tewfik's people were dissatisfied, his army disaffected; his advisers were nearly all of the adventurer class, with their own ends to gain; and he himself had neither the character of a strong ruler nor the experience that would have enabled him to secure an orderly administration of affairs.
	www.nndb.com /people/105/000098808 (1167 words)

	Ismail Pasha - Picture - MSN Encarta
		Ismail Pasha ruled Egypt under the Ottoman sultans as an enlightened and modernizing ruler.
		The Suez Canal was built during his reign.
		However, his improvements had such a disastrous effect on Egyptian government finances that he had to step down in 1879.
	encarta.msn.com /media_121631359/Ismail_Pasha.html (42 words)

	Amazon.ca: The Life of Ismail Ferik Pasha: Books: Rea Galanake,Rhea Galanaki,Kay Cicellis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Ismail Ferik Pasha is a Cretan boy (based on an actual historical figure) who is kidnapped, forcibly converted to Islam, raised to become a military leader and then, in adulthood, sent to subdue a revolt on his native island.
		The second section, "History," narrates in Ismail's voice his return to Crete, his command of the Muslim forces against Cretan rebels and his attempts to reconnect with his long-lost Greek brother, Antonis.
		The Life Of Ismail Ferik Pasha ($29.95; Sept. 9, 1996; 166 pp.; 0- 7206-0965-8): A compact historical novel based on the real life of its title character, a Cretan revolutionary captured during his country's struggle (in 186668) for independence from Greece.
	www.amazon.ca /Life-Ismail-Ferik-Pasha/dp/0720609658 (372 words)

	Isma'il Pasha - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		After the death of Said, Ismail was proclaimed Governor on January 19, 1863.
		Ismail tried to reduce slave trading and extended Egypt's rule into Africa.
		Ismail's khedivate is closely connected to the building of the Suez Canal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ismail_Pasha (1220 words)

	Tewfik Pasha: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		He acceded to office when his father, Ismail Pasha, was deposed.
		TEWFIK PASHA (Muhammad Tewfik)toufek pasha, 1852 92, khedive of Egypt (1879 92).
		In 1879, Ismail was compelled to abdicate in favor of his son Tewfik Pasha, who was confronted with financial and political chaos; his situation was complicated by the outbreak of a nationalist...
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/tewfik_pasha.jsp (814 words)

	Take a BrainSip (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		After receiving a European education at Paris, where he attended the Ecole d'etat-Major, he returned home, and on the death of his elder brother became heir to his uncle, Said Mohammed, the Vali of Egypt.
		A further commission of inquiry by Major Baring (afterwards 1st Earl of Cromer) and others in 1878culminated in Ismail making over his estates to the nation and accepting the position of a constitutional sovereign, with Nubar as premier, Charles Rivers Wilson as finance minister, and de Bhigriires as minister of public works.
		Ismail at once left Egypt for Naples, but eventually was permitted by the Sultan to retire to his palace of Emirghian on the Bosporus.
	ismail-pasha.mestskadoprava.sk.cob-web.org:8888 (1044 words)

	KHEDIVE ISMAIL
		Ismail Pasha's progeny extends today over five continents and his last surviving grandchild Princess Fawzia, ex-Empress of Persia is a semi-recluse in Alexandria.
		Conferring, dispensing or heaven forbid, removing the elevated title of pasha (the closest equivalent to a British knighthood), was the exclusive prerogative of the Sultan (Padishah) in Istanbul.
		Henceforth, Ismail Pasha was allowed to increase his army from 16,000 soldiers to 30,000 and he could mint his own currency as long as he respected the mandatory mention of the sultan.
	www.egy.com /people/95-12-30.shtml (1853 words)

	Pasha
		The title, when used for a person, was always together with his proper name, like the case for the person on the illustration: Ismail Pasha.
		The brother and son of the first bey (later sultan) Orhan, were called pasha.
		The use of the title "pasha" continued for some time even after the fall of the Ottoman Empire, but was abandoned in 1934.
	i-cias.com /e.o/pasha.htm (158 words)

	Enver Pasha - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Enver Pasha (1881-1922), Turkish soldier and nationalist leader, who directed the Turkish war effort during World War I. Enver was born on November...
		A campaign led by Enver Pasha into the Caucasus at the start of the war was defeated less by the Russians than by poor organization and revolts in...
		At first, however, the CUP itself did not speak with a single voice, as different branches of the group throughout the empire held differing...
	au.encarta.msn.com /Enver_Pasha.html (107 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Features \| Centre of the centre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Ismail was the patron of a comprehensive project to develop the city of Cairo and Mubarak was his right-hand man in the task.
		Although Ismail is always credited with the creation of Midan Al-Ismailia, Said Pasha before him oversaw developments that fed into the creation of the square.
		Originally set up for Ismail's statue, the granite base was left empty for years waiting for an incumbent and as one leader after another was ousted by nature or politics, it was eventually brought down altogether.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /1999/445/feature.htm (1842 words)

	RIAZ PASHA (c. 1835– ) - Online Information article about RIAZ PASHA (c. 1835– )
		Afterthat event Riaz, subordinating his vanity to his patriotism, accepted office as minister of the interior under Sherif Pasha (q.v.).
		Ismail Pasha had some very 'drastic methods of dealing with those who did not See also:
		thirty years ago Riaz Pasha stood forth boldly to protest against the maladministration that then prevailed in Egypt.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /RHY_RON/RIAZ_PASHA_c_1835_.html (818 words)

	'The Three Pashas' killer file
		Ahmet Cemal Pasha: Born on 6 May 1872 in Istanbul, the capital of Ottoman Empire.
		Ismail Enver Pasha: Born on 22 November 1881 in Istanbul.
		Mehmet Talât Pasha: Born in 1874 in Edirne, in eastern Thrace (the Balkan Peninsula), he is not a Turk but of Pomak descent.
	www.moreorless.au.com /killers/pashas.html (3267 words)

	İsmail Enver - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Third Army, Vehib Pasha, moved towards the Democratic Republic of Armenia which formed the frontline in the caucuses.
		He was tried in absentia, in the Turkish Courts-Martial of 1919-20, for crimes of “plunging the country into war without a legitimate reason, forced deportation of Armenians and leaving the country without permission” and condemned to death.
		Mustafa Kemal had broken with Enver Pasha and the Committee of Union and Progress as early as 1914 (beginning of the WWI), he had explicitly rejected the pan-Turkic ideas and what Mustafa Kemal perceived as Enver Pasha's utopian goals (see: Kemalism).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Enver_Pasha (1992 words)

	Middle East Information
		Pasha, born in Cairo, and educated in Paris.
		Ismail was compelled to abdicate in favour of his son Muhammad
		Tawfik Pasha in 1879 and subsequently lived in exile abroad.
	www.infomideast.com /info/page05.htm (941 words)

	Ismail Pasha - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Ismail Pasha, 1830-95, ruler of Egypt (1863-79), son of Ibrahim Pasha.
		Find newspaper and magazine articles plus images and maps related to "Ismail Pasha" at HighBeam.
		Poet of Freedom: A Profile of Ismail Kadare.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-ismailp1a.html (329 words)

	Appendix III - Municipal Council Representation
		Mahmood Pasha was very pleased with me and indicated that only a few Muslims from Sri Lanka would embark on he pilgrimage on account f he majority of them being poor, especially in external affairs and manners.
		Ahmed Arabi Pasha gave me some letters to be delivered to his family in Egypt ad I had to conceal them inside my pillowcase for fear of being found out by the British authorities who had exiled him.
		We were told that Abbas Pasha had been appointed guardian over these two minors and their property.
	www.rootsweb.com /~lkawgw/slm-ismail.htm (4755 words)

	Khedive - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Khedive (from Persian for "lord", also known as "viceroy") was a title granted to governor and monarch of Egypt Ismail Pasha in 1867 by his nominal overlord the Ottoman Sultan Abd-ul-Aziz.
		Ismail's son Tewfik Pasha inherited the title, as did Tewfik's son Abbas.
		Abbas was deposed by the British in 1914 because he declared war on the United Kingdom due to the fact that his nominal overlord the Ottoman Sultan was on Germany's side, and the title ended with him.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Khedive (217 words)

	Story Behind the Stamp Ismail Pasha (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Ismail Pasha, Khedive of Egypt, was born at Cairo on January 31, 1830, the second of the three sons of Ibrahim and grandson of Mohammed Ali.
		After receiving a European education in Paris, where he attended the Staff College, he returned home, and on the death of his elder brother became the heir to his Uncle, Said Mohammed, the vali of Egypt.
		In spite of his vast schemes of reform and the éclat of European innovations, his oriental extravagance led to bankruptcy and European intervention in the internal affairs of Egypt.
	www.egyptstudycircle.org.uk /stIshmal.html (560 words)

	Amazon.com: "Ismail Pasha": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Mohammed Said Pasha had been a close associate of his father and De Lesseps and Ismail Pasha had been youthful friends.
		Ismail Pasha, the Khedive of Egypt under whose administration the canal was completed,...
		At that time the Governor-General of the Sudan, Ismail Pasha Ayub, was staying at El Fasher, the capital of Darfur; and on reaching Kaga and Katul, I found, to my...
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Ismail-Pasha (569 words)

	The Onassis Bloodline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Mehmet Talaat Pasha (1872-1921) was a Freemason and part of the Turkish revolution of 1908.
		His name was Khedive Ismail Pasha and he was Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Egypt.
		It was this Turk, Khedive Ismail Pasha, who gave the famous Obelisk to the United States.
	www.whale.to /b/sp/onassis.html (5295 words)

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