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Topic: Isocitrate dehydrogenase

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	Isocitrate Dehydrogenase
		Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) is an important enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, which occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.
		IDH consists of two domains. The small domain is similar to the standard Rossmann fold found in many dehydrogenases. However, the larger domain binds at the interdomain cleft and is associated with two strands of anti-parallel beta-sheets.
		In the forward reaction, Mg binds to isocitrate, which binds to the active site of IDH via it’s free carboxylate group and the residues: Arg 119, 129, Asp 307, 311, Ser 113, and Tyr 160 (14).
	www.chem.uwec.edu /Webpapers2005/mintermm/pages/IDH.html (443 words)

	The TCA Cycle
		The isomerization of citrate to isocitrate by aconitase
		The stereospecific nature of the isomerization determines that the CO lost, as isocitrate is oxidized to succinyl-CoA, is derived from the oxaloacetate used in citrate synthesis.
		Succinate dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of succinate to
	www.med.unibs.it /~marchesi/tca2.html (1245 words)

	Dehydrogenase - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A dehydrogenase is an enzyme that oxidizes a substrate by transferring one or more protons and a pair of electrons to an acceptor, usually NAD/NADP or a flavin coenzyme such as FAD or FMN.
		Common examples of dehydrogenase enzymes in the TCA cycle are isocitrate dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase.
		Pyruvate dehydrogenase, another common dehydrogenase enzyme, feeds the TCA Cycle in converting Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dehydrogenase (101 words)

	pubs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		To clarify further the mechanism of regulation by phosphorylation of isocitrate dehydrogenase, cocrystallization of isocitrate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase kinase/phosphatase in the presence of an ATP analog was attempted.
		The new, orthorhombic crystal form of isocitrate dehydrogenase is related to the previously reported tetragonal form largely by an approximately ~16° shift of a large domain relative to the small domain and clasp region within each subunit of the dimeric enzyme.
		The conformation of isocitrate dehydrogenase in the orthorhombic crystal form more closely resembles that of the crystal structure of the homologous enzyme 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase than does the tetragonal isocitrate dehydrogenase conformation.
	util.ucsf.edu /stroud/finermoore97biochemistry.html (250 words)

	The TCA Cycle
		The stereospecific nature of the isomerization determines that the CO lost, as isocitrate is oxidized to succinyl-CoA, is derived from the oxaloacetate used in citrate synthesis.
		Isocitrate is oxidatively decarboxylated to a-ketoglutarate by isocitrate dehydrogenase, (IDH).
		Succinate dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of succinate to fumarate with the sequential reduction of enzyme-bound FAD and non-heme-iron.
	web.indstate.edu /thcme/mwking/tca-cycle.html (2336 words)

	Localization of a Mitochondrial Type of NADP-dependent Isocitrate Dehydrogenase in Kidney and Heart of Rat: An ...
		Anders VN, Bukhvalov IB (1972) The cytochemistry of dehydrogenases in isolated nuclei.
		Machado A, Nunez de Castro I, Mayor F (1975) Isocitrate dehydrogenases and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase activities of baker's yeast grown in a variety of hypoxic conditions.
		Yang L, Luo H, Vinay P, Wu J (1996) Molecular cloning of the cDNA of mouse mitochondrial NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase and the expression of the gene during lymphocyte activation.
	www.jhc.org /cgi/content/full/51/2/215 (5278 words)

	Orbigen Inc. - Orbigen Inc.
		Isocitrate dehydrogenases catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to 2-oxoglutarate.
		Five isocitrate dehydrogenases have been reported: three NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, which localize to the mitochondrial matrix, and two NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, one of which is mitochondrial and the other predominantly cytosolic.
		Isocitrate dehydrogenases 3B (IDH3B) is the beta subunit of one isozyme of NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase.
	www.orbigen.com /commerce/catalog/product.jsp?product_id=1795 (341 words)

	Escherichia coli isocitrate dehydrogenase
		Phosphorylation of the enzyme on a serine residue by isocitrate dehydrogenase kinase/phosphatase inactivates it, and dephosphorylation by the phosphatase reactivates it [ Borthwick84, McKee89, Hurley89 ].
		Isocitrate dehydrogenase is the first bacterial enzyme shown to be regulated by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation.
		"Kinetic mechanism of Escherichia coli isocitrate dehydrogenase and its inhibition by glyoxylate and oxaloacetate." Biochem J 1986;234(2);317-23.
	biocyc.org /ECOLI/new-image?type=ENZYME&object=ISOCITHASE-CPLX (589 words)

	Isocitrate dehydrogenase biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Reaction: Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) catalyzes the third step in the citric acid cycle: the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to produce alpha-ketoglutarate and CO2 while converting NAD+ to NADH.
		This is a two-step process, which involves oxidation of isocitrate (a secondary alcohol) to oxalosuccinate (a ketone), followed by the decarboxylation of the carboxyl group beta to the ketone, forming alpha-ketoglutarate.
		Another isoform of the enzyme catalyzes the same reaction, however this reaction is unrelated to the citric acid cycle, is carried out in the cytosol as well as the mitochondrion, and uses NADP+ as a cofactor instead of NAD+.
	www.biography.ms /Isocitrate_dehydrogenase.html (204 words)

	Isocitrate dehydrogenase from Aeropyrum pernix
		The initial proton abstraction is postulated to occur through a proton transfer from the hydroxyl group of isocitrate via the conserved water molecules w3 and w4 to the 5’-phosphate group of the nicotinamide nucleotide, water molecules w5 and w11, which are found close to the bulk solvent.
		The crystal structure of a hyperthermostable subfamily II isocitrate dehydrogenase from Thermotoga maritima, FEBS J, 273, 2851-2868.
		Isocitrate Dehydrogenase from the Hyperthermophile Aeropyrum pernix: X-ray Structure Analysis of a Ternary Enzyme-Substrate Complex and Thermal Stability, J Mol Biol, 345, 559-577.
	seal.csb.ki.se /xray/show_project.php?NUMID=2 (770 words)

	Peroxisomal NADP-Dependent Isocitrate Dehydrogenase. Characterization and Activity Regulation during Natural Senescence ...
		NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-ICDH; EC 1.1.1.42) catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to
		dehydrogenases of the pentose-phosphate pathway and malic enzyme,
		-isocitrate dehydrogenase in germinating cucumber cotyledons: purification and characterization of a cytosolic isoenzyme.
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/121/3/921 (4418 words)

	References - isocitrate dehydrogenase - HORT640 - Metabolic Plant Physiology - Department of Horticulture and Landscape ...
		Reversibility of isocitrate dehydrogenase and involvement of ATP-citrate lyase in gluconeogenesis.
		Oudot C, Jaquinod M, Cortay JC, Cozzone AJ, Jault JM 1999 The isocitrate dehydrogenase kinase/phosphatase from Escherichia coli is highly sensitive to in-vitro oxidative conditions role of cysteine67 and cysteine108 in the formation of a disulfide-bonded homodimer.
		Popova TN, Appenroth KJ 2002 Cytosolic and chloroplastic NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases in Spirodela polyrhiza.
	www.hort.purdue.edu /rhodcv/hort640c/referen/icitdh.htm (1929 words)

	InterPro: IPR001804 Isocitrate/isopropylmalate dehydrogenase, dimeric type
		Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) [ 1, 2 ] is an important enzyme of carbohydrate metabolism which catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate into alpha-ketoglutarate.
		Tartrate dehydrogenase (1.1.1.93) [ 5 ] catalyzes the reduction of tartrate to oxaloglycolate.
		Hurley J.H. Thorsness P.E. Ramalingam V. Helmers N.H. Koshland Jr D.E. Stroud R.M. Structure of a bacterial enzyme regulated by phosphorylation, isocitrate dehydrogenase.
	www.ebi.ac.uk /interpro/IEntry?ac=IPR001804 (3258 words)

	Pyruvate & Krebs.96
		Pyruvate is decarboxylated to acetyl-CoA by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the acetyl-CoA is oxidized by the Krebs cycle.
		In eukaryotes, pyruvate dehydrogenase is regulated by covalent modification (addition or removal of a phosphate group) - as stated in most textbooks.
		This inactivates the isocitrate dehydrogenase because the phosphate blocks the active site and its negative charge repels the isocitrate which is also negatively charged.
	www.science.siu.edu /microbiology/micr425/425Notes/05-PyrKrebs.html (2256 words)

	[No title]
		Mitochondrial NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDP1) is localized to mitochondria by an amino terminal, 16-residue targeting sequence.
		Measurements of cellular levels of isocitrate and (-ketoglutarate in mutant strains lacking various isocitrate dehydrogenases were used to determine the metabolic contributions of these isozymes.
		Levels of isocitrate and of (-ketoglutarate measured in extracts of parental and mutant strains lacking IDP1, IDP2, and/or the mitochondrial NAD+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) suggest that IDH is the major contributor to a substantial cellular pool of (-ketoglutarate in glucose-grown cells.
	www.biochem.uthscsa.edu /department/contreras_abstract.doc (584 words)

	InterPro: IPR004434 Isocitrate dehydrogenase NAD-dependent, mitochondrial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Several NAD- or NADP-dependent dehydrogenases, including 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase, tartrate dehydrogenase, and the multimeric forms of isocitrate dehydrogenase, share a nucleotide binding domain unrelated to that of lactate dehydrogenase and its homologs.
		The mitochondrial NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase is believed to be an alpha(2)-beta-gamma heterotetramer.
		P28241 Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit 2, mitochondrial precursor (EC 1.1.1.41) (Isocitric dehydrogenase) (NAD(+)-specific ICDH)
	www.ebi.ac.uk /interpro/IEntry?ac=IPR004434 (2972 words)

	Elucidation of stability determinants of cold-adapted monomeric isocitrate dehydrogenase from a psychrophilic ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Elucidation of stability determinants of cold-adapted monomeric isocitrate dehydrogenase from a psychrophilic bacterium, Colwellia maris, by construction of chimeric enzymes -- Watanabe et al.
		Elucidation of stability determinants of cold-adapted monomeric isocitrate dehydrogenase from a psychrophilic bacterium, Colwellia maris, by construction of chimeric enzymes
		Inactivation of isocitrate dehydrogenase by phosphorylation is mediated by the negative charge of the phosphate.
	mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/151/4/1083 (5745 words)

	Bistability in the Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Reaction: An Experimentally Based Theoretical Study -- Guidi et al. 74 (3): ...
		substrate of IDH, isocitrate, on the occurrence of bistability
		A non-redox role of the coenzyme in the catalysis of isocitrate dehydrogenase.
		Purification and properties of the nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase from pig liver cytoplasm.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/74/3/1229 (5861 words)

	NADP-Isocitrate Dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas nautica: Kinetic Constant Determination and Carbon Limitation Effects on ...
		The pyruvate concentration in the culture medium was determined by using the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; EC 1.1.1.27).
		Isocitrate dehydrogenase from Rhodopseudomonas spheroides: kinetic mechanism and further characterization.
		The regulatory properties of isocitrate dehydrogenase kinase and isocitrate dehydrogenase phosphatase from Escherichia coli and the roles of these activities in the control of isocitrate dehydrogenase.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/64/12/4958 (4419 words)

	Cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase in humans, mice, and voles and phylogenetic analysis of the enzyme family -- ...
		Cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase in humans, mice, and voles and phylogenetic analysis of the enzyme family -- Nekrutenko et al.
		Cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase in humans, mice, and voles and phylogenetic analysis of the enzyme family
		of NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase in animals and fungi.
	mbe.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/15/12/1674?vol=15&fp=1674&view=abstract (553 words)

	Cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase in humans, mice, and voles and phylogenetic analysis of the enzyme family (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase in humans, mice, and voles and phylogenetic analysis of the enzyme family
		Caenorhabditis elegans enzyme that was previously identified as a protein similar to isocitrate dehydrogenase is most likely the NADP-dependent cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase enzyme equivalent, based on amino acid similarity to mammalian enzymes and phylogenetic analysis.
		The phylogenetic tree of various isocitrate dehydrogenases from eukaryotic sources revealed that independent gene duplications may have given rise to the cytosolic and mitochondrial forms of NADP-dependent cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase in animals and fungi.
	www.nsrl.ttu.edu /chornobyl/pub16.htm (241 words)

	Inactivation of Isocitrate Lyase Leads to Increased Production of Medium-Chain-Length Poly(3-Hydroxyalkanoates) in ...
		inactivation of the glyoxylate pathway and downregulation of isocitrate
		Surprisingly, the reduction in isocitrate dehydrogenase activity did not lead to reduced growth of the mutant.
		of isocitrate dehydrogenase was reduced by a factor of 2 to 5
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/66/3/909 (3043 words)

	Isocitrate dehydrogenase - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.42), also known as IDH, is an enzyme which participates in the citric acid cycle.
		It catalyzes the third step of the cycle: the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate, producing alpha-ketoglutarate (α-ketoglutarate) and CO
		The IDH step of the citric acid cycle, due to its large negative free energy change, is one of the irreversible reactions in the citric acid cycle and therefore must be carefully regulated to avoid unnecessary depletion of isocitrate (and therefore an accumulation of alpha-ketoglutarate).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Isocitrate_dehydrogenase (313 words)

	Global Transcription Analysis of Krebs Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Mutants Reveals an Alternating Pattern of Gene ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Anderson, S.L., Minard, K.I., and McAlister-Henn, L. Allosteric inhibition of NAD+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase by a mitochondrial mRNA.
		Bojunga, N., and Entian, K.-D. Cat8p, the activator of gluconeogenic genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, regulates carbon source-dependent expression of NADP-dependent cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase (Idp2p) and lactate permease (Jen1p).
		Haselbeck, R.J., and McAlister-Henn, L. Isolation, nucleotide sequence, and disruption of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene encoding mitochondrial NADP(H)-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase.
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/14/3/958 (7848 words)

	ISOCITRATE DEHYDROGENASE as a MODEL SYSTEM
		Techniques to be learned will include spectrophotometric enzyme assays, protein assays, centrifugation, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, gel filtration chromatography, affinity chromatography, data management, computer graphing and the writing of a manuscript to be submitted for consideration of publication.
		Tissue and intracellular distribution of aconitase and NADP-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase.
		New data on the genetic mapping of isocitrate dehydrogenase in D.
	www.bio.davidson.edu /people/jowilliamson/Techniques/ProtocolIntro.html (634 words)

	Localization of Cytosolic NADP-dependent Isocitrate Dehydrogenase in the Peroxisomes of Rat Liver Cells: Biochemical ...
		Haselbeck RJ, Colman RF, McAlister–Henn L (1992) Isolation and sequence of a cDNA encoding porcine mitochondrial NADP-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase.
		Loftus TM, Hall LV, Anderson SL, McAlister–Henn L (1994) Isolation, characterization, and distribution of the yeast gene encoding cytosolic NADP-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase.
		-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase that is preferentially expressed in bovine corneal epithelium.
	www.jhc.org /cgi/content/full/49/9/1123 (4335 words)

	Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to a-ketoglutarate occurs in 2 steps.
		In the first step, isocitrate is oxidized to form the intermediate, oxalosuccinate.
		This occurs in the second step, producing CO and a-ketoglutarate.
	people.unt.edu /~hds0006/tca/9icd.htm (49 words)

	pubs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Catalytic mechanism of NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase: implications from the structures of magnesium-isocitrate and NADP+ complexes.
		Regulation of isocitrate dehydrogenase by phosphorylation involves no long-range conformational change in the free enzyme.
		Structure of a bacterial enzyme regulated by phosphorylation, isocitrate dehydrogenase.
	www.msg.ucsf.edu /stroud/pubs_isocitrate.html (174 words)

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