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Topic: Isomeric transitions

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Nuclear isomer

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	Isomeric transition - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Change: A permanent state of transition is man's…, Change: Change is the only constant.
		Transition Elements, series of chemical elements that share similar electron orbital structures and hence similar chemical properties.
		The zone from about 400 km to about 670 km (about 250 mi to about 420 mi) is known as the transition zone.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/search.aspx?q=Isomeric+transition (87 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Quantum nucleonics is the study for electromagnetic transitions in nuclei that is most analogous to quantum electronics for atoms.
		The use of nuclear isomers to produce intense pulsed power for electromagnetic applications such as the gamma-ray laser is a truly interdisciplinary problem [1,2].
		There is a selection rule for electromagnetic transitions which greatly hinders those for which the multipolarity, M of the moment mediating the transition is less than the change in K needed.
	www.utdallas.edu /research/quantum/isomer/Tutorial.htm (4541 words)

	Characteristics and Structure of Matter
		Such isomeric transitions have an important role in nuclear medicine and are discussed in detail later.
		The energy emitted during nuclear transitions is created by converting a small fraction of the nuclear mass into energy.
		The energy released in the radioactive transitions used in nuclear medicine is typically in the range of 100 keV to 500 keV.
	www.sprawls.org /ppmi2/MATTER (3639 words)

	Radioactive Transitions
		In the transition diagram, relative nuclear energy is represented by vertical distance and relative atomic number by horizontal distance.
		The transition always moves downward because the nucleus is decreasing its energy by emitting radiation.
		During the transition, this condition is relieved by the conversion of an internal neutron into a proton, accompanied by the emission, from the nucleus, of an electron.
	www.sprawls.org /ppmi2/RADIOTRANS (2661 words)

	Nuclear isomer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A nuclear isomer is a metastable state of an atom caused by the excitation of one or more protons and/or neutrons in its nucleus.
		Metastable isomers of a particular isotope are usually designated with an "m" (or, in the case of isotopes with more than one isomer, 2m, 3m, and so on).
		This remarkable persistence results from the fact that the excitation energy of the isomeric state is low and both gamma de-excitation to the Ta-180 ground state (which is radioactive and not particularly long lived) and beta decay to hafnium or tungsten are suppressed owing to spin mismatches.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nuclear_isomer (1134 words)

	Isomers (Biennial report 1997-98)
		Isomers with half-lives in the 10 ns to 1 ms range can be studied by measuring coincidences between identified, stopped fragments and the delayed gamma-rays de-exciting the isomer.
		In order to determine the isomer half-lives, the time interval between implantation and the delayed gamma-ray emission was measured using both time-to-amplitude converters (30µs range) and time-to-digital converters (1ms range).
		The yield of the isomeric state is obtained by correcting the number of observed isomeric gamma-transitions according to detection efficiency and in-flight decay losses.
	wwwnsg.nuclear.lu.se /annrep9798/nrich.asp (753 words)

	CANBERRA Glossary - CANBERRA, An AREVA Group Company
		The disintegration of the nucleus of an unstable atom by spontaneous fission, by the spontaneous emission of an alpha particle or beta particle, isomeric transitions, or by electron capture.
		An isomeric state has the same mass number and atomic number as the ground state, but possesses different radioactive properties.
		A penetrating form of electromagnetic radiation emitted during electron transitions in an atom to a lower energy state; usually when outer orbital electrons give up some energy to replace missing inner orbital electrons.
	www.canberra.com /literature/930.asp (4705 words)

	Selectivity
		15 ns, nuclei with isomeric transitions longer than this flight time can be studied.
		The transitions occurring in flight are recovered by performing the Doppler correction (as shown in the thin source spectrum).
		The loss of intensity of the E3 relative to the E1 in the thin source spectrum is due to transitions occurring after the recoiling
	www.pas.rochester.edu /~cline/chico/pub_html/sanibel_html/node3.html (705 words)

	CONTEMPORARY PHYSICS- EXPERIM[ENT 9
		Ba as an illustration of a single-particle transition in a nearly spherical odd-A nucleus.
		For the remainder of this experiment we consider transitions between states of even-even nuclei, and we attempt to interpret these states in terms of vibrational and rotational excitations.
		In the Sm and Gd isotopes the transition takes place suddenly; the addition of just two neutrons is enough to change which shape has lower energy and so is preferred by the nucleus.
	www.cas.muohio.edu /~yarrisjm/F02phy293/lab10/lab10.htm (3490 words)

	Exploring Non-Exponential Decay in Isomeric Transitions
		This effect is commonly referred to as non-exponential decay, or NED.
		Though this effect is predicted to occur in all unstable systems, the nuclear system in which it is expected to be easiest to observe is long-lived isomeric transitions.
		Through the experiments reported herein, bounds are placed on the time after production that non-exponential decay effects influence the survival probability of the isomeric state.
	www.physics.isu.edu /colloquium/scates04.html (129 words)

	Fast-folding protein kinetics, hidden intermediates, and the sequential stabilization model -- Ozkan et al. 11 (8): ...
		Transition rates C (m + 1m) between macroconformations having m (abscissa) and m + 1 (ordinate) native contacts, for m = 2, 3, and 4, shown in the maps (a–c).
		Bahar, I. Stochastics of rotational isomeric transitions in polymer chains.
		Daggett, V., Li, A., Itzhaki, L.S., Otzen, D.E., and Fersht, A.R. Structure of the transition state for folding of a protein derived from experiment and simulation.
	www.proteinscience.org /cgi/content/full/11/8/1958 (4524 words)

	[No title]
		Variance reduction Simulations of non-equilibrium systems are often required to generate results relating to specific time-windows of observation, and it is possible that the half-lives of the radionuclides may be such that analogue Monte Carlo sampling produces only a few events in these periods.
		Isomers with different excitation energy are identified by that excitation energy.
		The filename format permits easy identification of the isomers, and is consistent with the filename format for nuclear level data used by the photo-evaporation process.
	www.space.qinetiq.com /geant4/geant_docs/rdm_sum.doc (4530 words)

	HRIBF Newsletter --- Winter Quarter 2000
		A preliminary analysis of the data indicates that the new transitions at 0.89 and 0.93 MeV have a half-life consistent with that of the previously observed transition at 1.19 MeV and that the half-life of the new 1.02 MeV transition is consistent with that of the 1.12 MeV transition.
		The isomer detection station consisted of a germanium clover detector placed just inside an 8-fold segmented BGO detector, which is normally used as a Compton-suppressor.
		We also identified a new isomeric transition from a state with a lifetime of a few nanoseconds.
	www.phy.ornl.gov /hribf/news/winter_00.html (4287 words)

	August Carl Helmholz
		His Ph.D. research in nuclear physics dealt with possible ways to determine the multipole order of various isomeric transitions.
		After the war, he continued his study of nuclear states produced by the bombardment of beams from Radiation Laboratory accelerators.
		This work culminated in 1949 with the publication (with E. Segrè) of what was, at the time, a definitive review of nuclear isomerism.
	universityofcalifornia.edu /senate/inmemoriam/augustcarlhelmholz.htm (889 words)

	Structures and Isomeric Transitions of NH4+(H2O)3-6: From Single to Double Rings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The NH cluster ions synthesized by a free jet expansion contain a variety of structural isomers.
		This investigation identifies some of these isomers by employing vibrational predissociation spectroscopy (VPS) in conjunction with ab initio calculations.
		The characteristic absorptions of these stretches, together with systematic temperature dependence measurements of their band intensities, allow us to identify both cyclic and noncyclic isomers in the supersonic jet.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/jacsat/1998/120/i34/abs/ja9802908.html (234 words)

	Nuclides 2000: About Radiactive Decay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Again the mass does not change but the atomic number now decreases by one.
		Isomeric transitions (IT): An isomeric transition occurs when a nuclide in an relatively long-lived excited or metastable state is converted from the metastable state to the ground state.
		In contrast to normal gamma emission from a short lived excited state, an isomeric or metastable (denoted by m) state is defined only if the half-life for gamma emission exceeds about 1 ns.
	www.nuclides.net /Applets/about_radioactive_decay.htm (769 words)

	Mattice group: Prof. Ivet Bahar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Zuniga I; Bahar I; Dodge R; Mattice WL "Molecular dynamics analysis of transitions between rotational isomers in polymethylene with discrete hydrogen atoms" J.
		Bahar I; Mattice, WL "Dynamics of conformational transitions to isomeric states favoring intramolecular excimer formation in aromatic polyesters with methylene or oxyethylene spacers" J.
		Bahar I; Mattice, WL "Dynamics of conformational transitions to isomeric states favoring intramolecular excimer formation in polymeric chains.
	gozips.uakron.edu /~mattice/bahar.html (444 words)

	:::/ R a d R e v i e w 2 0 0 1 /::: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Transitions which can produce electron particle radiation include:
		Isobaric transitions are the source of beta radiation.
		An isomeric transition, which usually produces gamma radiation, can produce electron radiation through the internal conversion process.
	www.emory.edu /X-RAYS/RadReview/As/A_II_A_15.htm (66 words)

	[No title]
		NO 8326 1451 19 ISOMERIC TRANSITIONS WERE REPORTED BY 87VA09.
		THE 8326 1451 20 THIRD ISOMER WITH T1/2=92 S IS SUGGESTED IN THE ALPHA 8326 1451 21 STUDY OF 88HU03 8326 1451 22 OTHERS: 76CH30, 62JU08 8326 1451 23 ELECTRON-CAPTURE: EC FEEDINGS AND LOGFT VALUES ARE 8326 1451 24 GIVEN AS LIMITS ONLY, SINCE SEVERAL TRANSITIONS REMAIN8326 1451 25 UNPLACED.
		IT IS ASSUMED THAT THE HIGH SPIN 8326 1451 34 ISOMER DOES NOT FEED THE GS OR THE 965 LEVEL DIRECTLY 8326 1451 35 THROUGH EC TRANSITIONS.
	www.nea.fr /dbforms/data/eva/evafiles/jef22/asc/JEF22RDD8326_1.ASC (336 words)

	The Enrico Fermi Award - 1990's Laureates - Maurice Goldhaber, 1998
		From 1938 to 1950 at the University of Illinois, Goldhaber pursued a wide variety of research problems in nuclear physics, including excitation of nuclei with x-rays, resonant scattering of slow neutrons, nuclear decay schemes, and isomeric transitions.
		Goldhaber worked with wife, the late Gertrude Scharff-Goldhaber, to prove that beta-rays are identical to atomic electrons.
		Shortly after Goldhaber's work on neutrino helicity, he became Chairman of the Physics Department at Brookhaven National Laboratory, and was soon thereafter selected as Director of the Laboratory.
	www.sc.doe.gov /fermi/html/Laureates/1990s/mauriceg2.htm (794 words)

	LARRY SPRUCH 1923-2006
		Variational upper and lower bounds on transition amplitudes, in Lectures in Theoretical Physics-Atomic Collisions, edited by S. Geltman, K. Mahanthappa and W. Brittin, (Gordon and Breach, New York, 1969), Vol.
		Atomic screening effects on electron-neutrino angular correlation and beta-decay asymmetry in allowed transitions, with Z. Chen and W.R. Johnson, Phys.
		Temperature-induced transition rates for some hydrogenic states (with F. Zhou), Phys.
	www.physics.nyu.edu /LarrySpruch (4403 words)

	Isomeric Transitions between Linear and Cyclic H+(CH3OH)4,5: Implications for Proton Migration in Liquid Methanol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Isomeric Transitions between Linear and Cyclic H+(CH3OH)4,5: Implications for Proton Migration in Liquid Methanol
		Vibrational predissociation spectroscopy of protonated methanol clusters (tetramers and pentamers) reveals linear and cyclic structural isomers in a supersonic expansion.
		The cyclic pentamer, containing a five-membered ring, is identified by its characteristic free-OH stretch at 3647 cm
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/jpcafh/1999/103/i16/abs/jp983871s.html (182 words)

	Biodefense
		HIT research is leading to new technology that has enormous potential for dealing with hazardous biological materials.
		It is based on the induced release of large amounts of gamma energy stored in the isomer states of certain heavy nuclei.
		Gamma energy is well known for its sterilization properties against biological hazards.
	www.stg.srs.com /cbw/biodefense.htm (201 words)

	IVET BAHAR
		J43."Dynamic Rotational Isomeric State Approach for Segmental Motions of cis-Polyisoprene in the Bulk State" I. Bahar, B. Erman, F. Kremer, and E. Fischer Prog Colloid Polym.
		J25." Bimodal Distribution of Relaxational Modes for the Helix-Coil Transition in Poly(oxymethylene) " Bahar, I. and Mattice, W. Macromolecules, 24, 877, 1991.
		"Dynamics of Conformational Transitions to Isomeric States Favoring Intramolecular Excimer Formation in Polymeric Chains: Application to Dimer Models of Polystyrene" Bahar, I. and Mattice, W. Chem.
	www.ccbb.pitt.edu /Professor_Websites/bahar/index.htm (4188 words)

	[No title]
		Keywords: Atomic physics, Experiment, Electron capture, Isomeric transition, Liquid scintillation, Counting efficiency.
		The standardization in liquid scintillation counting of electron-capture nuclides (EC), EC coincident and non-coincident with gamma transitions and single isomeric transitions (IC) requires the determination of the counting efficiency.
		A detailed analysis of the different atomic rearrangements that follow the EC and IC processes, permits one to compute the counting efficiency as a function of a free parameter.
	www.cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk /summaries/ACPU_v1_0.html (231 words)

	NSCL - News Update, August 2003, Vol. 1, No. 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The technique involved installing a setup for particle identification using microsecond isomers.
		Fragments, after passing through a thin silicon PIN diode at the final focal plane of the A1900, are stopped either in a passive aluminum stopper or, if total energy information is required to resolve charge states, in a stack of silicon detectors.
		While in the left half all fragments are shown, the right half shows only events with gamma energies of known isomeric transitions of
	www.nscl.msu.edu /aud/exp/newsupdate/v1n3/c2.html (341 words)

	References from selected dataset (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		I, E=thermal; measured residuals isomer yield ratios; calculated σ(fragment θ).
		Cs, E=reactor spectrum; measured γ spectrum with and without chemical separation of fission fragments, isomeric yield ratios; deduced fission fragment angular momentum, temperature, kinetic energy, saddle point deformation.
		F, F) I, E=109 MeV; measured delayed Eγ, Iγ from chemically separated fission fragments; deduced isomer yield ratios, fission fragments angular momenta.
	www-nds.iaea.org /ensdf/getrefs.jsp?recid=136053001 (422 words)

	FEIND - Fast Easy Interface to Nuclear Data: FEIND Namespace Reference (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Kzas are calulated using the atomic number, mass number, and isomeric state number of a given isotope using the following formula:
		Constant to represent simultaneous isomeric transitions and alpha decay.
		This function accepts a decay mode type, parent kza, and isomeric state identifier to determine the Kza of the decay daughter, and the Kza of any secondary particles that may be produced.
	homepages.cae.wisc.edu /~fateneja/FEIND/html/namespaceFEIND.html (989 words)

	References from selected dataset (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Prompt Gamma Transitions in Primary Fragments from Neutron-Induced Fission
		Low-Energy Transitions from the Deexcitation of Spontaneous Fission Fragments of
		Identification and Characterization of Isomeric States in the Deexcitation of
	www-nds.iaea.org /ensdf/getrefs.jsp?recid=101040003 (139 words)

	PracticeExam- Part 1
		Nuclear transitions involving only a change of energy state are:
		called "isomeric" and involve emission of beta particles.
		Which one of the following is not a likely product of the decay of a neutron-rich species?
	www.nucmedconsultants.com /Practiceexam/practiceexam1.htm (958 words)

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