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Topic: Isometric projection

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Orthographic projection

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Graphical projection

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Axonometric projection

Oblique projection

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Perspective (graphical)

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Isometric

Trimetric projection

Perspective projection

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Engineering drawing

	Isometric Projection
		Isometric projection is one of the three forms of axonometric projection.
		In isometric projection the angles between the projection of the axes are equal i.e.
		It is important to appreciate that it is the angles between the projection of the axes that are being discussed and not the true angles between the axes themselves which is always 90º.
	www.ul.ie /~rynnet/keanea/isometri.htm (1628 words)

	Isometric projection: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		Isometric projection can be visualized by considering the view of a cubical...The term isometric means equal measure, which reflects that the scale along each axis of the...
		Isometric projection can be visualized by considering the view of a cubical room from an upper corner, looking towards the opposite lower corner.
		Isometric projection is one of the projections used in drafting.
	www.encyclopedian.com /is/Isometric.html (387 words)

	Orthographic projection: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		...projection is an orthographic equal-area map projection of the earth.
		In first-angle projection, each view of the object is projected "through" the object, onto the interior walls of the box.
		In third-angle projection, each view of the object is projected "outward" from the object, onto the (transparent) exterior walls of the box.
	www.encyclopedian.com /or/Orthographic-projection.html (378 words)

	Axonometric projections - a technical overview
		In the projection, the y-axis usually remains the vertical axis, the z-axis is skewed and the x-axis may either be horizontal, as in the figure at the right, or be skewed as well.
		NEN 2536 describes an isometric projection that is symmetric with regards to the vertical axis; the angle between the x- and y-axes, and between the z- and y-axes, is 60 degrees.
		In the military projection, the angles of the x- and z-axes are at 45°, meaning that the angle between the x-axis and the z-axis is 90°.
	www.compuphase.com /axometr.htm (3715 words)

	PlaneView 3D Planar Geometric Projections Tutorial
		To project the top view of the 3-D object, the y-coordinates are discarded and the x- and z-coordinates for each point are mapped to the viewplane.
		An isometric projection is a commonly used axonometric projection (Foley et al., 1996; Hearn and Baker, 1996).
		Isometric projections scale lines equally along each axis, which is often useful since lines along the principal axes can be measured and converted using the same scale.
	www.mtsu.edu /~csjudy/planeview3D/tutorial-parallel.html (1273 words)

	Farm structures ... - Ch1 Presentation technique: Projections-Model buildings-Further reading - Ch2 Surveying: ...
		Projections are often useful in presenting a proposed building to someone who is not familiar with the presentation in plan, section and elevation drawings.
		Isometric or oblique projections are useful in presenting a pictorial, although slightly distorted, view of a structure and are particularly suitable for free-hand sketching.
		With isometric projection, horizontal lines of both front view and side view of the building are drawn to 30° from the horizontal using dimensions to scale.
	www.fao.org /docrep/S1250E/S1250E02.htm (5424 words)

	Fundamentals of Graphics Communication \| Chapter Outline
		Thus the projected lengths are approximately 80% of the true lengths and an isometric projection ruler must be used.
		Isometric drawings are almost always preferred over isometric projection for engineering drawings, because they are easier to produce.
		However, oblique projection and to a large extent oblique drawing, is not as commonly used as other types of pictorials because of the excessive distortion that occurs.
	highered.mcgraw-hill.com /sites/0072322098/student_view0/chapter_7/chapter_outline.html (1960 words)

	Isometric projection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Isometric projection is a form of graphical projection—more specifically, an axonometric orthographic projection.
		Isometric projection is one of the projections used in drafting engineering drawings.
		Explanation of isometric projection from the University of Limerick
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Isometric_projection (999 words)

	ME210 - Engineering Design Graphics
		The isometric projection is the basis for the typical three-dimensional engineering sketch.
		Circles on the isometric planes appear as ellipses in isometric sketches.
		Isometric grids are a convenient aid in sketching isometric drawings with both straight edges (see Figure 2) and circular features (see Figure 3).
	www.me.utexas.edu /~rbarr/sketching/isometric.html (123 words)

	Isometric (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Isometric projection is a category within Axonometric also including dimetric and trimetric.
		Isometric lines are lines on or parallel to isometric axis used to delineate normal surfaces and are drawn true length.
		Non-isometric lines are lines not on or not parallel to the isometric axis, are used to delineate inclined and oblique surfaces, are not true length, and can only be drawn by locating end points which exist on isometric lines then draw connecting line.
	www.personal.kent.edu /~rbavis/isometric.htm (269 words)

	Isometric Concept (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Isometric projections are a useful method for showing multiple views of an object to clearly represent even the most complex objects accurately.
		Isometric projections are used everyday as a method of communicating in sketches, technical drawings, and presentations.
		Isometric projection is defined as "a projection in which all three faces are equally inclined to the drawing surface so that all the edges are equally foreshortened."
	www.sixbranches.com /CAS05.htm (65 words)

	Isometric Ellipse Lesson
		Isometric means equal measure - any projection where the angles are equal fits the definition.
		Those familiar with CAD drawings have seen "Isometric Projections" that contain bizarre ellipses and angles that do not fit the modern definition.
		Since the fifties isometric projection has come to mean that surfaces of a cube would be projected equally and would have angles with each other of 120 degrees.
	www.techdrawingtools.com /mini/eml01.htm (217 words)

	Multiview Projection and Isometric Drawing
		Multiview projection is an orthographic projection for which the object is behind the plane of projection, and the object is oriented such that only two of its dimenstions are shown.
		An isometric sketch is a type of parallel projection that represents all three dimensions in a single image.
		Isometric sketches begin with defining an isometric axis, which is made of three lines, one vertical and two drawn at 30 degrees from the horizontal.
	ppdl.engr.ou.edu /ame2303/Draft.htm (374 words)

	Chapter 6 - Isometric Projection and Basic Shapes (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In normal multi-view orthographic projection, the object is placed inside this imaginary glass box, so that the principal faces in the object are parallel to the faces of the glass box.
		In isometric projection the object, instead of having its faces parallel to the plane, it is rotated and tilted in such a way that all the principal faces on the object are inclined.
		To begin an isometric drawing it is usually helpful to start with a rectangular cube which, defines the overall height, width and depth of the object.
	www.millville.org /Workshops_f/kess_mech/isometric/text.html (540 words)

	Syllabus
		An isometric scale is created by first laying a regular scale at ____ and projecting the increments of the scale vertically down to a blank scale drawn at an angle of ____.
		A projector is projected from the apparent intersection of the two lines on the H projection plane, perpendicular to the fold line, and reaches line VI first.
		A projector is projected from the apparent intersection of the two lines on the F projection plane, perpendicular to the fold line, and reaches line TH first.
	personal.ecu.edu /chinr/4030/syllabus.html (5108 words)

	Autodesk - Discussion Groups - Dimensioning an isometric drawing
		Isometric drawing is a 2D method of drawing an object in such a way that a viewer of the drawing gets a rough idea what the shape of the object is. It was never meant to be an accurate depiction, only an approximation.
		Whether a drawing is prepared as an isometric projection or isometric drawing, the image shown is accurate and not an approximation.
		Isometric projection does result in a reduction in the size of the features of an object, but the object is not approximated.
	discussion.autodesk.com /thread.jspa?threadID=21357 (8135 words)

	esm_giesecke_8\|Technical Drawing\|Concept Questions\|Chapter 16
		In axonometric projection, the observer is considered to be at a fixed distance from the object.
		An isometric projection is one which all angles between the axonometric axes are equal.
		An isometric projection is rotated 45° and tilted 35°16'.
	wps.prenhall.com /esm_giesecke_8/0,8217,1003282-,00.utf8.html (246 words)

	Projection Principles (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Projection, as we refer to it here, is when you reduce the three dimensions of a real or virtual (computer) object to two dimensions.
		With a multiview projection, the projection lines are oriented parallel to one of the principle axes of the object.
		Axonometric projections are classified according to the orientation of the principle axes relative to the projected surface.
	www2.ncsu.edu:8010 /unity/lockers/project/scivishome/lessons/projprinc/projprinc.html (2215 words)

	Types of Parallel Projection
		In the cavalier case, lengths perpendicular to the projection plane are preserved, and as in all parallel projections, lengths parallel to the projection plane are preserved.
		For example the projection of a unit cube using a cavalier projection will be an object whose sides are all of length 1, although angles will not be 90 of course.
		For example the projection of a unit cube using a cabinet projection will be an object 2 of whose sides are of length 1, with one side of length 1/2.
	www.cs.colorado.edu /~mcbryan/5229.03/mail/57.htm (1227 words)

	Orthographic projection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Orthographic multiview projection is derived from the principles of descriptive geometry and may produce an image of a specified, imaginary object as viewed from any direction of space.
		Orthographic projection is distinguished by parallel projectors emanating from all points of the imaged object and which intersect a plane of projection at right angles.
		Fig.14-16: The various planes of projection are unfolded to be planar with the Frontal plane of projection.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Orthographic_projection (897 words)

	[ hacked by deviance ] - Axonometric projections - a technical overview
		In the 2-dimensional projection, the y-axis usually remains the vertical axis but the x- and z-axes are often skewed.
		NEN 2536 describes an isometric projection where all angles are 30 degrees.
		Noticeable in the projection is that the x-axis stays horizontal, even though the z-axis has quite a low angle (approximately 30 degrees).
	www.cfxweb.net /modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=64 (2797 words)

	MVMMS- Tech Drawing
		If one "projects" lines from the corners of the object (with each line at 90 degrees to a surface of the glass), until these lines intersect the glass, one can lay out 6 "views," each of which represents the object as it is "seen" by the various panes of glass.
		Isometric drawings are usually produced with drawing equipment to ensure accuracy.
		Isometric projection distorts shapes slightly in order to keep all upright lines vertical (and because perspective is ignored).
	melroseschools.com /mms/tech_ed/briefs/design_brief_tech_drawing.htm (853 words)

	Director Online Article: 3DISO: Adapting Isometric Scrolling Theory to 3D Worldspace, Part 2
		This effect is in response to the fact that, in either a straight scroller or Isometric projection, objects in the foreground do not appear any larger than objects in the background.
		Usually, this involves drawing the standard projection to a buffer, then using an algorithm to "space out" the images towards the bottom before it is drawn to the screen.
		These viewpoint rotations produce, in 3D space, the view of a tile that matches the standard isometric diamond, where a tile is a perfect trapezoid whose width is two times the height, although by raising and lowering the camera other ratios are possible, and have been used to great success.
	director-online.com /buildArticle.php?id=1058 (1641 words)

	Isometric projection
		The term isometric comes from the Greek for "equal measure.", which reflects that the scale along each axis of the projection is the same (this is not true of some other forms of projection).
		Alien 8: Platform game and one of the first games to use isometric projection.
		An explanation of Isometric Projection from University of Limerick
	publicliterature.org /en/wikipedia/i/is/isometric_projection.html (258 words)

	Tutorial: Making Isometric Tiles
		Isometric projection is a special sort of orthographic projection, taking the form of a viewpoint elevated above the horizon by approx.
		Review information on tile-based and isometric games at GameDev.net if you are unfamiliar or unsure of these concepts, for what follows is a tutorial on making landscape and map graphics meant for tile-based games of this nature.
		In an isometric game, each portion of the floor is a diamond-shaped bitmap which, when tiled together with others as a whole, forms a representation of the ground.
	www.angelfire.com /rpg2/vertexnormal/tutorials/tile_tutorial.html (4020 words)

	Iso1
		Generally, isometric drawings are preferred to isometric projections as no time is wasted in setting up and using scales.
		As this is an isometric drawing the angles between the axes are all equal i.e.
		The same procedure is used to generate an isometric projection except an isometric scale is needed.
	www.ul.ie /~rynnet/keanea/iso1.htm (557 words)

	Design Skills \| What are Isometric and Axonometric Projections
		Isometric and Axonometric Projections are fairly simple ways to approach 3D drawing.
		Often, Axonometric projections may appear to be distorted but they are very useful to show as much as possible of, for example, the inside of a room.
		Although it is possible to quickly produce projection drawings using a drawing table, parallel motion and either a 30 degrees or 45 degrees angled set square, it can be even easier if a grid is placed underneath the paper.
	www.design-skills.org /iso_axo_projection.html (216 words)

	Design and Technology and Woodkirk High School
		An orthographic projection is a drawing convention that designers use when they want to show the front, side and plan view of an object seperately.
		They are often shown together with isometric projections to clearly show the size and shape of an object.
		Isometric Projection is a pictorial drawing convention used by designers to show 3-dimensional objects.
	website.lineone.net /~whs.dt/ks4.html (407 words)

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