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Topic: Isoprenylation

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Lipid anchored protein

GPI anchor

	Chemicon - Product #AB4073 - Anti-Farnesyl
		Protein isoprenylation is a post-translational modification that affects about 0.5% of cellular proteins and is essential for the biological activity of proteins.
		Prenylation of proteins is necessary for membrane association of proteins as well as protein-protein interactions and the nature of the linked isoprenyl group can influence the protein interactions, such as the interaction between G proteins and receptors.
		"Isoprenylation of polypeptides in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.".
	www.chemicon.com /browse/productdetail.asp?ProductID=AB4073 (343 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Thus, isoprenylation is a critical step for subcellular localization of and acquisition of biological activity by signaltransducing proteins that play a pivotal role in cell growth regulation.
		Cells exhibited a substantial decrease in the intensity of the 43, 2621, and 17kDa proteins with 30 and 60 nM paclitaxel, whereas a minor reduction in the intensity of the 43kDa protein band was observed with 15 nM paclitaxel (Fig.
		It is known that isoprenylated proteins play a crucial role in maintenance of the integrity of these structures, in particular lamins A and B (23), which form the nuclear lamina, and low molecular weight G proteins, including p21rho, which regulate cytoskeletal functions (15, 24, 25).
	www.prostatepointers.org /library/lab1.txt (4731 words)

	The Prostacyclin Receptor Is Isoprenylated. ISOPRENYLATION IS REQUIRED FOR EFFICIENT RECEPTOR-EFFECTOR COUPLING -- ...
		Isoprenylation of the Prostacyclin Receptor Is Required for Efficient Coupling to Phospholipase C-- The main effector system believed to be activated by the IP is adenylyl cyclase.
		identity of the latter isoprenylated protein to be that of the
		receptor is isoprenylated and that the presence of the farnesyl
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/274/34/23707 (7701 words)

	Regulation of Plant Growth & Development by Isoprenoids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Isoprenylated proteins are modified by the addition of a fifteen carbon farnesyl or a twenty carbon geranylgeranyl moiety.
		Secondary modifications, including proteolytic removal of amino acids downstream of the isoprenylated cysteine residue and carboxyl methylation of the prenylcysteine residue, are also required.
		Most isoprenylated proteins undergo prenylation-dependent proteolysis and carboxyl methylation and, in most cases, these modifications are essential for protein localization and function.
	www.biology.iupui.edu /research/dcrowell/index.html (300 words)

	Isoprenylation of Rab proteins possessing a C-terminal CaaX motif. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Isoprenylation of Rab proteins possessing a C-terminal CaaX motif.
		Isoprenylation of Rab proteins possessing a C-terminal CaaX motif.Unlike the other Rab proteins, Rab8, Rab11 and Rab13 terminate with a C-terminal CaaX motif similar to those of Ras/Rho proteins.
		This report demonstrates that Rab8 and Rab13 proteins are isoprenylated in vivo and geranylgeranylated in vitro.
	www.ihop-net.org /UniPub/iHOP/gp/99917.html (109 words)

	Unique Properties of the Large Antigen of Hepatitis Delta Virus -- Moraleda et al. 73 (9): 7147 -- The Journal of ...
		Isoprenylation masks a conformational epitope and enhances trans-dominant inhibitory function of the large hepatitis delta antigen.
		Isoprenylation mediates direct protein-protein interactions between hepatitis large delta antigen and hepatitis B virus surface antigen.
		Isoprenylation of large hepatitis delta antigen is necessary but not sufficient for hepatitis delta virus assembly.
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/73/9/7147 (4737 words)

	Phenylacetate inhibits protein isoprenylation and androgen-independent growth of LNCaP prostate cancer cells ...
		Phenylacetate inhibits protein isoprenylation and androgen-independent growth of LNCaP prostate cancer cells transfected with the T24 Ha-ras oncogene.
		Protein isoprenylation and p21ras farnesylation in LNCaP(T24-ras) cells were tested in the presence of phenylacetate to document a possible relationship with the drug-induced inhibition of cell proliferation.
		In conclusion, the inhibition of protein isoprenylation and p21ras farnesylation by phenylacetate resulted in increased chemosensitivity of the androgen-independent LNCaP(T24-ras) cells compared with LNCaP, and this effect might contribute to the pharmacological activity of the drug.
	virmap.unipi.it /cgi-bin/virmap/vmibo?doc_pubbl:10005004;main;art (279 words)

	The Branch Point Enzyme of the Mevalonate Pathway for Protein Prenylation Is Overexpressed in the ob/ob Mouse and ...
		Isoprenyl synthases are a family of enzymes that catalyze the elongation of linear isoprenoids by sequential condensations
		The five sequence domains conserved in isoprenyl diphosphate synthases are underlined and labeled I to V, and the polyprenyl synthases signatures I and II are shown in labeled boxes.
		Isoprenyl diphosphate synthases: protein sequence comparisons, a phylogenetic tree, and predictions of secondary structure.
	mcb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/20/6/2158 (5468 words)

	prenylation - humpath.com
		Prenylation or isoprenylation is the addition of hydrophobic molecules to a protein to facilitate its attachment to the cell membrane.
		Although intrinsically soluble, post-translational addition of isoprenoid moieties (isoprenylation) allows RABs to associate with the cytoplasmic face of membrane-bound intracellular organelles and vesicles.
		RAS and many other oncogenic proteins undergo a complex series of post-translational modifications that are initiated by the addition of an isoprenoid lipid through a process known as prenylation.
	www.humpath.com /article.php3?id_article=6257 (216 words)

	Palmitoylation of the Human Prostacyclin Receptor. FUNCTIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF PALMITOYLATION AND ISOPRENYLATION -- ...
		We have previously established that isoprenylation of the prostacyclin receptor (IP) is required for its efficient G protein
		Isoprenylation occurs by attachment of either C-15 farnesyl or C-20 geranylgeranyl isoprenoids, derived from the mevalonate/cholesterol
		The deduced amino acid sequences of the C-tail regions of the human, bovine, mouse, and rat IP aligned to show maximum homology using the Clustal W software (34) are shown.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/278/9/6947 (6213 words)

	Peter Spielman
		Many protein components of DNA repair systems in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have been identified and are ripe for biophysical investigation.
		Post-translational modification by isoprenylation involves the covalent attachment of either a 15-carbon farnesyl or 20-carbon geranylgeranyl group to COOH-terminal cysteines and is crucial for the biological activity of these proteins.
		We are particularly interested in the synthesis of new heterobifunctional photo-affinity probes to study the biochemistry of protein isoprenylation in eukaryotic cells.
	www.mc.uky.edu /toxicology/faculty/spielman.asp (389 words)

	Therapy for HDV!
		They are being applied because of their ability to block a post-translational isoprenylation that is required for the oncogenic properties of the Ras oncogene; there is thus hope that such treatments will even be able to inhibit activated Ras associated with certain human tumors.
		Objectively, the investigators did not show that isoprenylation of the large delta protein or of host proteins was blocked within the liver of the treated mice.
		In their abstract the investigators refer to the potential for this treatment to be relevant to “a wide variety of other animal viruses.” Presumably this refers to a prediction made by the investigators long ago, that some animal virus proteins, other than the HDV large antigen, contain C-terminal domains that might allow isoprenylation.
	www.natap.org /2003/dec/121303_1.htm (924 words)

	Prenylcysteine alpha -Carboxyl Methyltransferase in Suspension-Cultured Tobacco Cells -- Crowell et al. 118 (1): 115 -- ...
		Isoprenylation is a posttranslational modification that is believed to be necessary, but not sufficient, for the efficient
		Unlike isoprenylation, carboxyl methylation of prenylcysteine residues is a reversible modification and is therefore subject
		Tan EW, Rando RR (1992) Identification of an isoprenylated cysteine methyl ester hydrolase activity in bovine rod outer segment membranes.
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/118/1/115 (4323 words)

	Association of Prenylated Proteins with the Plasma Membrane and the Inner Nuclear Membrane Is Mediated by the Same ...
		Beck, L.A., Hosick, T.J., and Sinensky, M. Isoprenylation is required for the processing of the lamin A precursor.
		Hennekes, H., and Nigg, E.A. The role of isoprenylation in membrane attachment of nuclear lamins: a single point mutation prevents proteolytic cleavage of the lamin A precursor and confers membrane binding properties.
		Kitten, G.T., and Nigg, E.A. The CaaX motif is required for isoprenylation, carboxyl methylation, and nuclear membrane association of lamin B2.
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/11/9/3233 (8360 words)

	Myristoylation cannot functionally replace the isoprenylation of Rab5.
		C-terminal isoprenylation is necessary for the small GTPase Rab5 to associate with early endosomes and to exert its regulatory function in endocytosis.
		In this study, we tested whether Rab5 could retain its membrane association and biological function if the isoprenylation were replaced by another type of lipid modification (myristoylation).
		Rab5 mutants were constructed that contained both isoprenylation and myristoylation (Gag-Rab5), myristoylation only (Gag-Rab5 delta C4), and neither of the modifications (Rab5 delta C4), respectively.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1995/may/M9550787.html (471 words)

	Changes in Protein Isoprenylation during the Growth of Suspension-Cultured Tobacco Cells -- Morehead et al. 109 (1): ...
		Isoprenylation facilitates the association of proteins with intracellular
		isoprenylated proteins are involved in signal transduction, cell division,
		hypothesis that protein isoprenylation is necessary for the early stages of
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/abstract/109/1/277 (481 words)

	University Of Kentucky - H. Peter Spielmann
		Isoprenylation: The superfamily of GTP-binding proteins are involved in the regulation of cellular receptor mediated signaling pathways.
		We are working with Professor Doug Andres' group to synthesize and evaluate new heterobifunctional photo-affinity probes to study the biochemistry of protein isoprenylation in eukaryotic cells.
		Fullerenes: Working with Professor Mark Meier's group, we are developing methodology for the selective functionalization of fullerenes.
	www.mc.uky.edu /biochemistry/dept_personnel/faculty/Spielmann/index.asp (1027 words)

	Isoprenylation proteomics of germinating Arabidopsis thaliana seeds
		Protein isoprenylation involves the attachment of an isoprenoid group (typically farnesol or geranylgeranol) to a cysteine residue of the C-terminal motif CAAX, XCXC or XXCC (where C is a cysteine, A is aliphatic amino acid, and X is any amino acid).
		Following isoprenylation the C-terminal amino acids may be processed, and the C-terminus methylated or palmilated.
		Since approx 30% of human tumors contain mutated RAS proteins, isoprenylation may be an excellent pharmacological target for cancer therapy.
	abstracts.aspb.org /pb2003/public/P60/1360.html (234 words)

	Correspondence Re S. S. Virtanen et al., Alendronate Inhibits Invasion of PC-3 Prostate Cancer Cells by Affecting the ...
		Dotted arrows, a "salvage pathway" for isoprenoids (-P-P) that involves the phosphorylation of isoprenols (-OH) generated from recycled isoprenylated proteins in a compartment distinct from the processing route of de novo synthesis.
		Farnesol is utilized for protein isoprenylation and the biosynthesis of cholesterol in mammalian cells.
		Utilization of geranylgeraniol for protein isoprenylation in C6 glial cells.
	cancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/64/8/2934 (1739 words)

	Nitrogen-Bisphosphonates Block Retinoblastoma Phosphorylation and Cell Growth by Inhibiting the Cholesterol ...
		NHEKS were grown with indicated compounds at indicated concentrations for 24 h (A and B) or 72 h (C) and then isoprenylation markers were examined by immunoblot analysis as described under Materials and Methods.
		inhibition of growth is caused by suppression of isoprenylation.
		Preferential isoprenylation effects of LOV are interesting and require further study.
	molpharm.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/59/2/193 (5702 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Paclitaxel was examined for its effects on cell survival, internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, and protein isoprenylation in the human prostate cancer cell line PC3.
		Eukaryotic polypeptides that are initially synthesized with the carboxylterminal amino acid sequence CAAX, including a variety of signaltransducing proteins such as G proteins and cGMP phosphodiesterases, can be targeted for a series of sequential posttranslational modifications (1).
		However, paclitaxel appears to be much more potent at inhibiting isoprenylation than is any other tested terpene.
	www.prostatepointers.org /cmyers/lab/lab1/lab1.html (4742 words)

	Isoprenylation and protein/protein interactions in plants (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A growing body of evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that the isoprenyl group not only anchors certain proteins to the membrane bilayer, but that it may also direct protein/protein interactions.
		Because the carboxyl terminal sequence of these proteins is so highly conserved, and because the carboxyl terminus of some isoprenylated proteins has been shown to be necessary for protein/protein interactions, we hypothesize that this region acts as a recognition site for other proteins.
		A protein which binds to an isoprenylated, synthetic peptide identical to this conserved carboxyl terminus, but does not bind to a control, non-isoprenylated peptide of the same sequence, is detectable in cultured tobacco cell extracts.
	abstracts.aspb.org /pb1998/37/0293.shtml (270 words)

	Post-translational isoprenylation of cellular proteins is altered in response to mevalonate availability -- Repko and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Post-translational isoprenylation of cellular proteins is altered in response to mevalonate availability -- Repko and Maltese 264 (17): 9945 -- Journal of Biological Chemistry
		Post-translational isoprenylation of cellular proteins is altered in response to mevalonate availability
		did not induce cycloheximide-insensitivity of the isoprenylation reaction.
	intl.jbc.org /cgi/content/abstract/264/17/9945 (423 words)

	Raymond J. Hohl, M.D., Ph.D.
		Studying the use of HMG CoA reductase inhibitors alone and in combination with standard chemotherapeutic agents to alter human malignant cell proliferation as well as the use of these agents to alter the differentiation of both normal human leukocytes and leukemia cells.
		Determining the effects of selective inhibitors of protein isoprenylation reactions on levels and functional activities of isoprenylated regulatory proteins, such as those of the RAS oncogene family.
		(a) Assessing the role of membrane composition (cholesterol and saturated/polyunsaturated fatty acid content) on the membrane association of isoprenylated proteins, and (b) specific pharmacologic agents that modify both membrane content and isoprenylated protein activities are examined.
	www.medicine.uiowa.edu /Pharmacology/faculty/hohl.html (390 words)

	Research Page: Post-isoprenylation processing steps as anticancer targets
		Following isoprenylation, there are two more protein processing steps (the “post-isoprenylation” processing steps).
		The last three amino acids of the Ras protein are clipped off of the isoprenylated protein (the endoproteolytic processing step).
		Finally, the last amino acid of the Ras protein is modified by the addition of a single-carbon methyl group (the carboxyl methylation step).
	www.trdrp.org /research/PageGrant.asp?grant_id=2012 (936 words)

	Limonene Arrests Parasite Development and Inhibits Isoprenylation of Proteins in Plasmodium falciparum -- Moura et al. ...
		Limonene Arrests Parasite Development and Inhibits Isoprenylation of Proteins in Plasmodium falciparum -- Moura et al.
		Limonene Arrests Parasite Development and Inhibits Isoprenylation of Proteins in Plasmodium falciparum
		Isoprenylation is an essential protein modification in eukaryotic cells.
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/abstract/45/9/2553 (271 words)

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