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Topic: Israel and weapons of mass destruction

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Israel

Biological warfare

Moshe Dayan

Israel Defense Forces

	Israel's Weapons Of Mass Destruction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		The hypocrisy inherent in the condemnation of Iraq's weapons of mass destruction and the obsessive focus on "rogue states" such as North Korea, while totally ignoring Israel's provocative arsenal, is breathtaking.
		There is substantial credible speculation that Israel may have exploded at Least one, and perhaps several, nuclear devices in the mid-1960s in the Negev near the Israeli-Egyptian border, and that it participated actively in French nuclear tests in Algeria.
		Weapons include ballistic missiles and bombers capable of reaching Moscow, cruise missiles, Land mines-in the 1980s Israel planted nuclear Land mines along the Golan Heights-and artillery shells with a range of 45 miles.
	www.rense.com /general28/WEAPS.HTM (2764 words)

	Nuke Nation Israel's weapons of mass destruction
		Possessing chemical and biological weapons, an extremely sophisticated nuclear arsenal, and an aggressive strategy for their actual use, Israel provides the major regional impetus for the development of weapons of mass destruction, and represents an acute threat to peace and stability in the Middle East.
		Israel's own uranium source was the phosphate deposits in the Negev, totally inadequate to meet the need of a rapidly expanding program.
		For example, the possession of weapons of mass destruction can be a powerful lever to maintain the status quo, or to influence events to Israel's perceived advantage, such as to protect the so-called moderate Arab states from internal insurrection, or to intervene in inter-Arab warfare.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /Israel/Nuke_Nation.html (2808 words)

	PALESTINE MONITOR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Israel is believed to be the sixth nation in the world and the first in the Middle East to have developed and acquired nuclear weapons.
		Israel is not a signatory to the Biological Weapons Convention.
		Israel is not a party to the Biological Weapons Conventions (20) (BWC), which prohibits the development, production, stockpiling, acquisition and transfer of pathogens or toxins in types and quantities that have no justification for prophylactic, protective and other peaceful purposes.
	www.palestinemonitor.org /new_web/factsheet_WMD.htm (2324 words)

	Palestine Center - Israel's Weapons of Mass Destruction
		Although the threat these weapons represent is portrayed as serious enough to provoke a preemptive war, the existence of a tremendous stockpile of WMD in one Middle Eastern country is often overlooked and ignored.
		Israel also acquired the capability to launch nuclear weapons from the sea with its purchase of three Dolphin class submarines from Germany, specially modified to accept cruise missiles.
		Israel has declared that its policy is to respond with nuclear weapons if it is ever attacked by non-conventional means.
	www.palestinecenter.org /cpap/pubs/20020729ftr.html (1006 words)

	Nuclear Weapons - Israel
		On 3 October 1957, France and Israel signed a revised agreement calling for France to build a 24 MWt reactor (although the cooling systems and waste facilities were designed to handle three times that power) and, in protocols that were not committed to paper, a chemical reprocessing plant.
		Israel could potentially have produced a few dozen nuclear warheads in the period 1970-1980, and might have possessed 100 to 200 warheads by the mid-1990s.
		Israel may use between 4 and 5 kilograms of plutonium per weapon [5 kilograms is a conservative estimate, and Vanunu reported that Israeli weapons used 4 kg].
	www.fas.org /nuke/guide/israel/nuke (2324 words)

	Israel and weapons of mass destruction - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Israel is very widely believed to possess a substantial arsenal of nuclear weapons and intermediate-range ballistic missiles to deliver them.
		Israel is one of three states that possess nuclear weapons and refuse to sign or ratify the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), the other two being India and Pakistan.
		Israel is not a signatory to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BWC), and is said to have a possible biological weapons facility at the Israel Institute for Biological Research in Nes Ziyyona.
	www.aljazeera.com /me.asp?service_ID=10421 (1170 words)

	Gulfnews: As'ad Abdul Rahman: Israel's weapons of mass destruction a threat to peace
		Israel's possession of a large nuclear, chemical and biological arsenal coupled with an aggressive policy for their actual use constituted the major regional impetus for the development of weapons of mass destruction and is an acute threat to peace and stability in the Middle East.
		And in the late 1970s he proposed sending Israel's paratroopers to Tehran to prop up the Shah whose regime was on the verge of collapsing.
		Placing the issue of Israel's arsenal of such weapons directly and impartially would undoubtedly expose a primary destabilising factor and is compelling the countries in the region to each seek their own deterrent.
	archive.gulfnews.com /articles/04/03/20/115005.html (785 words)

	Israel's Nuclear Weapons (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Israel used delay and deception to at first keep the United States at bay, and later used the nuclear option as a bargaining chip for a consistent American conventional arms supply.
		Israel's part was a military success, allowing it to occupy the entire Sinai Peninsula by 4 November, but the French and British canal invasion on 6 November was a political failure.
		Israel pressed him hard for aircraft (A-4E Skyhawks initially and F-4E Phantoms later) and obtained agreement in 1966 under the condition that the aircraft would not be used to deliver nuclear weapons.
	www.au.af.mil /au/awc/awcgate/cpc-pubs/farr.htm (10185 words)

	The Badger Herald - Weapons of mass destruction forgotten; Israel ignored
		While the United States scrutinized Iraq for its weapons and launched a war, the American government continues to support Israel, which is widely believed to be a nuclear power.
		Israel recently announced plans to distribute iodine anti-radiation pills to residents living close to the nuclear reactor in the city of Dimona.
		He even questioned the visit to Israel by the head of the IAEA Mohamed El-Baradei in July, which was designed to open a dialogue with Israel on the possibility of a nuclear-security-free zone.
	badgerherald.com /oped/2004/09/01/weapons_of_mass_dest.php (1544 words)

	Israel: The 'forgotten' weapons of mass destruction by Neil Sammonds 23 April 2003
		The world's most efficient “secret” manufacturer of weapons of mass destruction was not Iraq, nor is it Syria — it is Washington's closest ally and partner in the Middle East, Israel.
		Israel also has three submarines —; the Dolphin, the Leviathan and the Tekuma — which are reportedly modified to carry nuclear-tipped cruise missiles.
		Israel is widely believed to possess a tactical nuclear capability, including small nuclear landmines and nuclear warheads that it can fire from cannons.
	www.doublestandards.org /sammonds1.html (767 words)

	WIR::Israel’s Global Weapons of Mass Silencing
		As such the documentary is not targeting Israel; rather it attempts to provide a comparative political situation to complement the discussion about issues of concern for all, including a large number of Israelis.
		In this situation, Israel is simultaneously punishing the BBC for its investigative independent approach and sending a message to other media outlets to follow Israeli press releases to the letter, or face losing access to a significant portion of information from the Palestinian territories and Israel.
		Seaman’s statement is part of Israel’s general policy to stigmatise any independent point of view outside the official Zionist discourse as anti-Semitic and to deter independent and reflective journalists and writers from voicing concern about Israel’s local and regional practices.
	www.phrconline.org /read.php?Editorial=6 (678 words)

	Nuclear and Missile Developments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Israel will neither confirm nor deny the possession of nuclear weapons and is not party to any international agreements on the control of nuclear exports.
		Israel also announced the construction of a 250 MW heavy water reactor in 1984; this reactor could produce over 50kg of plutonium per year.
		It is estimated that Israel has uranium stocks sufficient to last 200 years, and that it possesses 100-200 nuclear weapons.
	www.nti.org /db/nuclear/1993/n9314558.htm (317 words)

	Friends of Al-Aqsa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		At a time when TV screens were filled with images of perceived weapons of mass destruction (WMD) in Iraq among people on the verge of starvation, the West turned a blind eye to the first biological terrorist in the Middle East, Israel, where the largest depot of WMD between London and Peking is located.
		To understand the meaning of this quotation we must recall Ben Gurions doctrine: the destruction of the Palestinian Society in Palestine is a necessary condition for the establishment of the state of Israel on its ruins.
		As Cohen reports, Munya Mardor, the founder of Israels Weapons Development Authority (RAFAEL), says that Ben Gurion was evidently concerned that we would not meet the deadline he had set, worrying that the enemy would have such capability and we would have nothing to deter or retaliate.
	www.aqsa.org.uk /JournalsDetail.aspx?id=50 (3845 words)

	Centre for Research on Globalisation (CRG)
		Israel had been an active participant in the French Nuclear weapons program from its inception, providing critical technical expertise, and the Israeli nuclear program can be seen as an extension of this earlier collaboration.
		In popular imagination, the Israeli bomb is a "weapon of last resort," to be used only at the last minute to avoid annihilation, and many well intentioned but misled supporters of Israel still believe that to be the case.
		Third, exposing Israel's nuclear strategy would focus international public attention, resulting in increased pressure to dismantle its weapons of mass destruction and negotiate a just peace in good faith.
	www.globalresearch.ca /articles/STE203A.html (2643 words)

	Samson Option: Israel's Plan to Prevent Mass Destruction Attacks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		In his exposé of Israel’s clandestine nuclear arsenal, Hersh suggested that in the early days (late 1960s) of crude big-flash-and-bang nukes, one defensive option to counter an attack on Israel with weapons of mass destruction was for the beleaguered nation to mimic Samson and grimly trade holocaust for holocaust.
		Israel's ability to use nukes tactically and surgically, however, has evolved a great deal since the Samson option was still realistically an option.
		Israel's official position was to neither confirm nor deny its nuclear status, only pledging on the record "not to be the first to introduce nuclear weapons to the Middle East."
	www.newsmax.com /archives/articles/2001/10/15/112430.shtml (1209 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Programmes \| Correspondent \| Israeli nuclear 'power' exposed
		Israel never confirms or denies claims that it has nuclear, chemical and biological weapons.
		It was unfortunately necessary to postpone the billed programme "Israel's Secret Weapon" on Sunday night due entirely to the overrun of an unscheduled news bulletin about the Azores summit.
		Israel's Secret Weapon was broadcast on BBC Two on Monday, 17 March, 2003 at 2320 GMT.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/programmes/correspondent/2841377.stm (889 words)

	Iranian FM calls for pressure on Israel over weapons of mass destruction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Israel has never confirmed or denied that it possesses WMD, but has been considered by the United States to be a nuclear power since 1969.
		Israel has long declined to ratify the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty amid fears that Iraq and Iran had programs to build not only nuclear weapons but also chemical and biological warheads.
		He said his visit to Damascus was in the context of regular consultations on developments in the region, noting that "events in Iraq and in Palestine have a direct impact on the future of the region's countries and peoples".
	www.spacewar.com /2004/040103140338.v616uhvg.html (264 words)

	Green Left - ISRAEL: The `forgotten' weapons of mass destruction
		In February 2000, Knesset member Issam Mahoul said Israel had “200 to 300” nuclear weapons; in August of that year, the Federation of American Scientists said that Israel could have produced “at least 100 nuclear weapons, but probably not significantly more than 200”; the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute estimates that Israel has 200 nukes.
		Israel's long-range missiles, the Jericho I (with a range of 660km) and Jericho II (1500km) are also nuclear-capable.
		Israel also has three submarines — the Dolphin, the Leviathan and the Tekuma — which are reportedly modified to carry nuclear-tipped cruise missiles.
	www.greenleft.org.au /2003/535/30425 (837 words)

	UNODC - Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		So far, the use of weapons of mass destruction by terrorists has largely been confined to science fiction literature, but today's fiction can become tomorrow's fact if no preventive measures are taken in time.
		However, since the consequences of using such weapons are far-reaching - tens of thousands if not hundreds of thousands of people can be killed in one single incident - there is a need to monitor any shifts in this direction.
		It was only in the First World War that what we today call weapons of mass destruction were introduced in the form of chemical weapons.
	www.unodc.org /unodc/terrorism_weapons_mass_destruction.html (344 words)

	Israel's Willing Executioners
		WASHINGTON, DC -- While Israel manuafactures weapons of mass destruction, occupies land by force for over 30 years, and has been condemned by the U.N. Security Council and General Assembly in several dozen resolutions, Israel's willing executioners are preparing to bomb Iraq, and to put Americans unnecessarilly at risk.
		Israel is leading the U.S. to war, and Americans may die protecting Israel's hegemony over the Middle East.
		Israel's willing executioners are sacrificing both, as they lead us to the genocide of a decimated people.
	www.twf.org /News/Y1998/19981111-WillingX.html (893 words)

	The Truth Seeker - MSNBC Reveals Facts on Israel's Weapons of Mass Destruction
		Iraq war was good for Israel: Olmert While its done little for US interests and brought nothing but death and despair for ordinary Iraqis, the prime minister of its chief — and probably only — beneficiary couldn't be happier More...
		Israel's watchdogs in the U.S. are relentless and well-connected.
		You would see strength so overwhelming, it would be stupid even to dream of fighting against Israel, much less to think about it in realistic terms.
	www.thetruthseeker.co.uk /article.asp?ID=722 (1669 words)

	Israel's Weapons Of Mass Destruction - Billy Bragg Forums
		His crime was to reveal to all of us the criminal activity of Israel's clandestine nuclear arms industry.
		Since that revelation Israel has continued to develop weapons of mass destruction, unhindered by either the United States or the UK.
		Glad to see you free from prison Mordechai, I hope enough people in Israel will pressure your government to grant you full freedom like any other released prisoner, freedom to travel where you please and freedom to exercise your right to free speech.
	www.billybragg.co.uk /forums/index.php?showtopic=1256 (225 words)

	CNS - Israel - Weapons of Mass Destruction in the Middle East
		Sophisticated nuclear weapons program with an estimated 100-200 weapons, which can be delivered by ballistic missiles or aircraft.
		Active weapons program, but not believed to have deployed chemical warheads on ballistic missiles.
		Israel possesses all three versions of the US-made Harpoon cruise missile, which are designed for launch from ships (AGM 84A), submarines (RGM 84A), and aircraft (UGM 84A).
	cns.miis.edu /research/wmdme/israel.htm (1158 words)

	Asia Times Online :: Asian News, Business and Economy ; PART 2:China and India in World War III
		Sensing an opportunity to unite against greater enemies, we have seen in July cooperation not only between Hamas and Hezbollah, but also potentially with bin Laden, if the recent train bomb attacks that killed almost 200 in India were orchestrated by al-Qaeda as is being claimed.
		It appears more than a coincidence that both Israel and India were attacked at the same time - I expect that moves to drag Pakistan into outright war against the West are already under way.
		China, on the other hand, has a big role to play, because of its influence on both Pakistan (which has weapons of mass destruction) and North Korea (which has the projectiles capable of delivering them).
	atimes.com /atimes/Front_Page/HG26Aa01.html (1396 words)

	How Mordecai Vanunu revealed Israel's nuclear weapons secret (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		In 1985 Vanunu believed it was his responsibility to inform the citizens of Israel as well as the rest of the world that nuclear weapons were being built and stored in Israel.
		On October 5, 1986, the London Sunday Times newspaper headlines boldly announced, "Revealed: The Secrets of Israel's Nuclear Arsenal." The startling story, based on interviews with Vanunu and the 60 photographs he provided showing Israeli plutonium spheres used for triggers in nuclear warheads, revealed that Israel was fast developing nuclear weapons.
		The boosted weapons shown in the Vanunu photographs revealed a sophistication that inferred the requirement for testing.
	www.peaceheroes.com /MordecaiVanunu/mvanunubio2.htm (260 words)

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