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Topic: Issedones

	ISSEDONES - LoveToKnow Article on ISSEDONES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The ptsition of their country is fixed as the Tarym basin by the more precise indications of Ptolemy, who tells how a Syrian merchant penetrated as far, as Issedon.
		They had their wives in common and were accustomed to slay the old people, eat their flesh and make cups of their skulls.
		Some of the Issedones seem to have invaded the country of the Massagetae to the west, and similar customs are assigned to a section of these.
	46.1911encyclopedia.org /I/IS/ISSEDONES.htm (146 words)

	SlowMotionDoomsday.Com - Hyperborea & The Rhipaean Mountains
		The region of the "Griffins" and the Hyperboreans commences beyond the North slope of the "chain of the Aegipodes" (the Altai).
		ISSEDONES: In the Roman writers the usual form is "Essedones," a people living to the East of the Argippaei, and the most remote of the tribes of Central Asia with whom the Hellenic colonies on the Euxine had any communication.
		The position of the Issedones, according to the indications of the route, must be assigned to the East of Ichim in the steppe of the central horde of the Kirghiz, and that of the Arimaspi on the North declivity of the Altai.
	www.slowmotiondoomsday.com /rhipaean.html (1758 words)

	SCYTHIA - LoveToKnow Article on SCYTHIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		then by the Argippaei in the Altai and the Issedones in the Tarym basin, to the one-eyed Arimaspi on the borders of China, who stole their gold from the watchful griffins, and who marched with goat-footed men and Hyperboreans reaching to the sea.
		To the south of Scythia the Crimean mountains were inhabited by a non-Sythic race, the Tauri.
		According to it the Scyths dwell in Asia, and were forced by the Massagetae over the Araxes (Volga?) into the land of the Cimmerians.
	47.1911encyclopedia.org /S/SC/SCYTHIA.htm (4683 words)

	Gryphon Locations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		As if multiple forms and multiple names weren't enough, there are also a multitude of places where the Gryphon is said to have come from, although I shall deal with only the three main regions here.
		"...It is from the Issedones that the tale comes of the one-eyed men and the griffins that guard gold...
		The Issedones is a mountain range in Asia, far North and East of Greece.
	www.gryphonpages.com /legend/locations.htm (392 words)

	Greek Legend: EUROPES THAUMASIOI the Fabulous Tribes of Europe ( aka Arimaspoi Arimaspi Hippopodes Panotioroi Panotiori ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This Aristeas, possessed by Phoibos [Apollon], visited the Issedones; beyond these (he said) live the one-eyed Arimaspoi, beyond whom are the Grypes (Griffins) that guard gold, and beyond these again the Hyperboreoi, whose territory reaches to the sea.
		Except for the Hyperboreoi, all these nations (and first the Arimaspoi) are always at war with their neighbors; the Issedones were pushed from their lands by the Arimaspoi, and the Skythians by the Issedones." -Herodotus 4.13.1
		The gold which the Grypas guard, he says, comes out of the earth; the Arimaspoi are men all born with one eye; Grypas are beasts like lions, but with the beak and wings of an eagle.” –Pausanias 1.24.6
	www.theoi.com /Thaumasioi/Arimaspoi.html (978 words)

	"The Hyperboreans: Classical Greek Notions of Northern Europe during the fifth century BCE" (2000) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		He merely presented the information as he received it in an uncritical manner (to be judged later on its own merits by the reading public or until later writers, perhaps eyewitnesses, could confirm or deny it).
		The trouble that Herodotus and his predecessors consistently run into is the fact that concrete information on Northern Europe becomes gradually more vague the further these places and peoples were from the far-flung Greek colonies (Black Sea) and their trade contacts (Herodotus, 4.17-20).
		In spite of explanations such as the one presented above, it is difficult to determine the reasoning behind the fables of the northern hinterlands passed down to the Greeks by the Issedones of one-eyed men and griffons guarding gold (Herodotus, 4.26-27).
	www.anctil.org /users/eric/hist205.html (2925 words)

	Gryphons In Literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Aristeas is the first person that we know of who has written about Gryphons, immortalizing them in his poem, Arimaspia, one of the first tales from a Greek of far eastern lands.
		Not only was Aristeas the first person to document Gryphons, but he was also the first to write of the Issedones (the furthest North he traveled), and the Arimaspians, the one-eyed adversaries of Gryphons.
		Mela moves the Gryphons again, this time west of the Issedones to the mountain Riphey, in Scythia.
	www.gryphonpages.com /literature/literature1.htm (3448 words)

	The Acropolis As It Was - Greece Travel
		In the middle of her helmet is an image of the Sphinx—about whom I shall give an account when I come to Boeotia-and on each side of the helmet are griffins worked.
		These griffins, says Aristus the Proconnesian, in his poems, fought with the Arimaspians beyond the Issedones for the gold of the soil which the griffins guarded.
		And the Arimaspians were all one-eyed men from their birth; and the griffins were beasts like lions, with wings and mouth like an eagle.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles13/travel-258.shtml (1321 words)

	British Archaeology magazine, December 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Firstly, Herodotus tells us that the Scythian-type peoples were embalmers, and this is demonstrated in the frozen tombs of South Siberia; thus they had no need to deflesh for the reason Mallory and Murphy give.
		Secondly, Herodotus says that the reverential funerary cannibalism of the Massagetae and Issedones involved the removal of meat only (krea), which was mixed with beef and lamb to make a funeral stew.
		But this is only an apparent contradiction with his description of the cannibalism of the Massagetae and Issedones.
	www.britarch.ac.uk /ba/ba62/letters.shtml (965 words)

	The Strategy of Dareios
		The Behistun inscription mentions that revenge was taken on the Saka for the slaying of the Persian King Kyros.
		Herodotos (I 101) mentions those who killed Kyros as living towards the East between the river Araxes and the country of the Issedones to the north, specifying that "some call them Skythians." He continues giving a description and the dimension of the Caspian Sea (I 203).
		It is possible that Herodotos' date of the Skythians campaign rests on a confusion between the Saka or Skythians of the west and the Skythians of the east in interpreting the information of the Behistun inscription, the text of which was sent to all parts of the Empire.
	www.metrum.org /perwars/strat.htm (4457 words)

	BESTIARY, Greek Mythology Link.
		The griffin does not appear very often in ancient literature, but Aeschylus, Herodotus, Pausanias, Flavius Philostratus, and Strabo are among those who mention it.
		The Issedones are reported to have asserted that the one-eyed Arimaspians, who inhabited a land near that of the Scythians, used to steal gold from the griffins:
		The gold which the griffins guard, he says, comes out of the earth; the Arimaspi are men all born with one eye; griffins are beasts like lions, but with the beak and wings of an eagle.
	homepage.mac.com /cparada/GML/BESTIARY.html (4327 words)

	Herodotus, The Histories (ed. A. D. Godley) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		There is also a story related in a poem by Aristeas son of Caüstrobius, a man of Proconnesus.
		This Aristeas, possessed by Phoebus, visited the Issedones; beyond these (he said) live the one-eyed Arimaspians, beyond whom are the griffins that guard gold, and beyond these again the Hyperboreans, whose territory reaches to the sea.
		Except for the Hyperboreans, all these nations (and first the Arimaspians) are always at war with their neighbors; the Issedones were pushed from their lands by the Arimaspians, and the Scythians by the Issedones, and the Cimmerians, living by the southern sea, were hard pressed by the Scythians and left their country.
	www.perseus.tufts.edu /cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Hdt.+4.13.1 (208 words)

	Summary of and commentary on Herodotus' Histories, book 4
		No description of a foreign nation would be complete without Herodotus seizing the opportunity for a digression, this time on the relative size of the three continents Asia, Europe and Africa.
		The strange story about the Man-eaters received some confirmation with the excavation of human remains that were gnawed at by human jaws; these excavations were along the river Sula, southeast of Kiev.
		The Argippaeans are sometimes identified with the ancestors of the Calmucs; the Issedones may be identical to the Wu-sun who (according to Chinese texts) lived on the shore of Lake Balchash.
	www.livius.org /he-hg/herodotus/logos4_10.html (1172 words)

	Once I noticed I was on fire, I decided to relax and enjoy the fall.: Werewolves (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		More information about this part of the world is to be found in a poem by Aristeas, son of Caystrobius, a native of Proconnesus.
		He tells us that 'inspired by Phoebus' he journeyed to the country of the Issedones, and that beyond them the griffins who guard the gold, and beyond the griffins the Hyperboreans, whose land comes down to the sea.
		All these, except the Hyperboreans, were continually encroaching upon one another's territory, beginning with the Arimaspians, the Scythians by the Issedones, and the Cimmerians by the Scythians, who forced them from their homes along the shores of the Black Sea.
	www.onceinoticediwasonfireidecidedtorelaxandenjoythefall.org /merkabah/archives/000719.html (2698 words)

	Wolf Warriors: the Romans, the Dacians and the Vlachs; Dracula and Hitler
		Hither they say are sent the first-fruits of the Hyperboreans, and the Hyperboreans are said to hand them over to the Arimaspi, the Arimaspi to the Issedones, from these the Scythians bring them to Sinope, thence they are carried by Greeks to Prasiae, and the Athenians take them to Delos.
		The first-fruits are hidden in wheat straw, and they are known of none.
		Heracles of Ida, therefore, has the reputation of being the first to have held, on the occasion I mentioned, the games, and to have called them Olympic.
	www.angelfire.com /realm/vlachs (15588 words)

	Studien zum Kimmerierproblem - Kapitel 4.4.2.3
		Nun unterscheiden sich aber die beiden herodotischen Versionen der skythischen Abstammungsgeschichte, welche Völkerverschiebungen beschreiben, gerade in der Erwähnung dieser Völker als jeweils diejenigen, welche die Skythen aus deren Siedlungsgebiet verdrängt und sie damit gegen die Kimmerier gedrückt hätten 266.
		Auch bei Hekataios findet sich Kenntnis von "Issedones", die er als skythisches Volk aber in dem Asien gewidmeten Teil seiner Erdbeschreibung bezeichnet haben soll (Steph.
		Daß auch der wohl aus Sardes stammende, aber überwiegend in Sparta wirkende Alkman die Issedonen - allerdings in der Schreibweise "Essedonas" - gekannt hat (Steph.
	www.kimmerier.de /kap04423.htm (1223 words)

	GTP
		Listed 1 sub titles with search on: The inhabitants
		Concerning the Hyperborean people, neither the Scythians nor any other inhabitants of these lands tell us anything, except perhaps the Issedones.
		And, I think, even they say nothing; for if they did, then the Scythians, too, would have told, just as they tell of the one-eyed men.
	www.gtp.gr /LocInfo.asp?infoid=24&IncludeWide=1&code=EGRSKY71MYKDLS&PrimeCode=EGRSKY71MYKDLS&Level=8&PrimeLevel=8&LocId=12169& (358 words)

	The-Tribes-Chapter-Nine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Issedones to the west of the ASPACARAE are generally considered a branch of
		ABII-SCYTHAE from Job son of Issachar (Genesis 46;13) who became the Ubii
		Further south was ISSEDONE-SCYTHICA of the Issedone (Wusun)
	www.britam.org /3rd-Edition/The-Tribes-Chapter-Nine.html (2522 words)

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