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Topic: Istakhri

In the News (Wed 15 Feb 12)

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	The Thirteenth Tribe-sources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Ibn Hawkal's account, for instance, written circa 977, is based almost entirely on Istakhri's, written around 932; which in turn is supposed to be based on a lost work by the geographer el-Balkhi, who wrote around 921.
		El-Balkhi, the first in the chain, marks the beginning of the classical school of Arab Geography, in which the main emphasis is on maps, while the descriptive text is of secondary importance.
		Istakhri shows a marked improvement with a shift of emphasis from maps to text.
	www.churchoftrueisrael.com /13th-tribe/13th-tribe-sources.html (2508 words)

	History of Iran: The Persian Gulf Trade in Late Antiquity
		Istakhri in his Masalik wa Mamalik states that pearls were in existence on the coast of the Persian Gulf and goes on to state, "and with the exception of the Persian Gulf, there are no other places that have pearls."
		It was first mentioned in about 850 CE as a flourishing port, and Istakhri states that in the tenth century it was a prosperous city rivaled only by Sheraz in the province of Persis.
		Istakhri states that the houses in Sirāf were built with a wood called Saj, brought from India and Zanzibar,
	www.iranchamber.com /history/articles/persian_gulf_trade_late_antiquity.php (6560 words)

	Istakhri - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A map by Istakhri from the text Al-aqalim.
		Abul Qasim Ubaidullah ibn Abdullah ibn Khurdad-bih a.k.a Istakhri was a midieval Persian prominent geographer.
		It was Istakhri who first gave the earliest known account of windmills.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Istakhri (81 words)

	Radio Islam.The Thirteenth Tribe.by Arthur koestler .PART ONE: Rise and Fall of the Khazars. "In Khazaria, sheep, ...
		Istakhri's fl-skinned Khazars - as much else in his and his colleagues' writings - were based on hearsay and legend; and we are none the wiser regarding the Khazars' physical appearance, or their ethnic Origins.
		So absolute is the authority of this sovereign, and so implicitly are his commands obeyed, that if it seemed expedient to him that one of his nobles should die, and if he said to him, "Go and kill yourself," the man would immediately go to his house, and kill himself accordingly.
		The succession to the Khacanship being thus established in the same family &#91;Istakhri: "in a family of notables who possess neither power nor riches"]; when the turn of the inheritance arrives to any individual of it, he is confirmed in the dignity, though he possesses not a single dirhem [coin].
	www.abbc2.com /koestler/risfal1.htm (12876 words)

	The Minority Report: The Persian Gulf Trade in Late Antiquity
		The existence of Sasanian coins31 and pottery fragments attest to the existence of a Sasanian site.32 There were also chamber tombs, typical of Zoroastrian astodan,33 found in the hillsides behind Siraf.34 In the Sasanian period, Siraf appears to have been a military outpost, while in the Islamic period it was transformed into a trading port.
		Istakhri states that the houses in Siraf were built with a wood called Saj, brought from India and Zanzibar,39 which again points to the city's trade relations.
		In fact, the inhabitants of Siraf were known for their maritime travel, and it is stated that the people of Siraf made their living through trade via the sea.
	babaklayeghi.blogspot.com /2004/12/persian-gulf-trade-in-late-antiquity.html (4628 words)

	Touraj Daryaee \| The Persian Gulf Trade in Late Antiquity \| Journal of World History, 14.1 \| The History Cooperative
		In the Sasanian period, Siraf appears to have been a military outpost, while in the Islamic period it was transformed into a trading port.
		A.D. as a flourishing port, and Istakhri states that in the tenth century it was a prosperous city rivaled only by Sheraz in the province of Persis.
		Although it is not clear whether Siraf was a port already at the end of the Sasanian period, it appears that even if we assume it was only a military outpost, it may have functioned as a place where sea traffic was monitored and was used as a spot for securing the Persian Gulf.
	www.historycoop.org /journals/jwh/14.1/daryaee.html (6660 words)

	[No title]
		126, 194.] ISTAKHRI AND IBN HAUQAL[1] _Relate that the inhabitants of several localities of Kerman during the entire Umayyad period openly professed Mazdaism._ In a more detailed fashion, however, the Arab writers notice the Mazdian dwellers of Fars, the heart of the Persian dominion.
		Just in these geographers, Istakhri and Ibn Hauqal, is to be found information of unusual importance, so far as we can judge, regarding the conservation of the Parsi tradition in Fars These authors have been up to now not only not appreciated but their significance for our question has not yet been adequately recognised.
		Istakhri and Ibn Hauqal enumerating the castles of Fars declare as follows regarding the castle of Shiz:[1] "The castle of Shiz is situated in the district of Arrajana.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/1/2/9/1/12918/12918.txt (16630 words)

	The Land of Israel in Ibrahim Ibn Muhammad Istakhri's Map of Syria (952) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Land of Israel in Ibrahim Ibn Muhammad Istakhri's Map of Syria (952)
		The Land of Israel in Ibrahim Ibn Muhammad Istakhri's Map of Syria
		Jerusalem is represented by one of the circles in the upper part of the map (which is directed toward the south-west and is named Bayt al-Maqdas (Hebrew: Bet haMiqdash, the Temple).
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/History/istakhirmap.html (116 words)

	The ancient and medieval Khiva
		This was due first of all to the lack of information about the history of Khiva up to the fifteenth century and, secondly, to the small amount of archaeological research, which was only started during the 1950s.
		Khiva was mentioned for the first time in the works of the Arabic and Persian authors Istakhri, Mukaddasi and Khudud al-Alam dating from the tenth century.
		The archaeological excavations by V.A. Bulatova found the earliest cultural strata of Khiva dating back to the tenth — eleventh centuries.
	www.advantour.com /uzbekistan/khiva/history/007.htm (4244 words)

	[No title]
		p 20: "Istakhri's fl-skinned Khazars - as much else in his and his colleague's writings- were based on hearsay and legend; we are none the wiser regarding the Khazar's physical appearance or their ethnic origins." Koestler is commenting on Istakhri's often quoted : "The Khazars do not resemble the Turks.
		Istakhri never visited the land of the Khazars and may simply have interpreted qara as he heard it or read it...
		Qara Khazar would thus refer to the Khazar masses." Never mind that Istakhri said that they do not resemble the Turks, and that "the Khazar language is not that of the Turks or Persians, nor does the language of any section of humanity coincide with it." [Dunlop p 94-5].
	oi.uchicago.edu /OI/ANE/ANE-DIGEST/1999/v1999.n007 (2694 words)

	Slide #211 Monograph
		For these this monograph shall follow Kramers's example and call the four types Istakhri I, Istakhri II, Ibn Hawqal I, and Ibn Hawqal III.
		The second (Istakhri II) is not so symmetrical, and the mountain and three islands become much smaller (as they also do in the Mediterranean).
		In the world map, the islands disappear altogether in the second recension but are there, very large, in the first.
	www.henry-davis.com /MAPS/EMwebpages/211mono.html (1903 words)

	Seistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It was under the succeeding regime that the province attained the climax of its material prosperity; and to this-the Arab-period are to be attributed the vast ruins of which I have previously spoken.
		El Istakhri, visiting Seistan at this epoch, described it as a country of populous cities, abundant canals, and great wealth; among its natural resources being included a rich gold mine that subsequently disappeared in an earthquake.
		In the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries Seistan, like most of its neighbours, experienced the two successive visitations of those scourges of mankind, Jenghiz Khan and Timur Beg, being turned from a smiling oasis into a ruinous waste, and suffering a murderous blow from which it has never recovered.
	www.iras.ucalgary.ca /~volk/sylvia/Seistan.htm (1351 words)

	Background Of The Israeli Writer, Joel Bainerman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Dankenbring believes that in the time of the Roman Empire when Jews were persecuted by the Romans, it would have been natural that they should migrate to a kingdom where tolerance and fairness and freedom of religion was character of the culture.
		To the Arab geographer Istakhri, one of the mains Arab sources of information on the Khazars, the kingdom of the Khazars were known as practicing religions tolerance as Muslims were allowed to have their own mosques and Christians their own churches, as well as each religion having their own courts and clergy.
		Dankenbring claims that in Europe at the time the prevailing mentality was fanaticism, ignorance and anarchy, this "level of religious tolerance stands out.
	www.joelbainerman.com /pages/khazars.html (998 words)

	Silk Road Seattle - Samarkand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		As we know from the authors of historic accounts, its surroundings also provided pastureland, something that is evident even today if we look south from the highlands to the east of the city.
		The tenth-century Iranian author Istakhri, who travelled in Transoxiana, provides a vivid description of the natural riches of the region he calls "Smarkandian Sogd":
		Every town and settlement has a fortress...It is the most fruitful of all the countries of Allah; in it are the best trees and fruits, in every home are gardens, cisterns and flowing water...
	depts.washington.edu /uwch/silkroad/cities/uz/samarkand/samarkand.html (2126 words)

	Kech background
		Arabs ruled the land one after the other.
		All the Arab geographers of the era, like Ibn Haukal, Ibn Khurdadba, Al Istakhri and Al Idrisi, have described the country as "for the most part desert".
		In the 10th century Ibn Haukal notices that the ruler of Makran was an Arab, Isa bin Madan, who had established his residence in the city of Kech which was half the size of Multan.
	www.kech.sdnpk.org /aboutkech.htm (1228 words)

	Azerbaijani language - Art History Online Reference and Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This has also been reported by reputed medieval historians such as Al-Tabari, Ebne Hoghel, Istakhri, Moqaddasi, Yaghubi, Masudi, and Mostowfi Qazvini as well.
		Al-Khwarizmi also mentions this in chapter 6, vol 6, of his book Mafatih-ol-Olum.
		In other sources such as Surat-ol-Arz by Ebne Hoghel, Ahsan ol-Taqaaseem by Moqaddasi, and Masaalik va Mamaalik by Istakhri, the people of Azerbaijan are recorded to be speaking Iranian languages.
	www.arthistoryclub.com /art_history/Azeri_language (1215 words)

	Persian Gulf Online
		It was first mentioned in about 850 A.D. as a flourishing port, and Istakhri states that in the tenth century it was a prosperous city rivaled only by Sheraz in the province of Persis.
		In order to make this point Istakhri relates the following story: 10
		67 Istakhri mentions that Fars had little silver.
	www.persiangulfonline.org /research/oldtrade.htm (5336 words)

	Rise and Fall of the Khazars
		The Khacan must be always of the Imperial race [Istakhri: "...of a family of notables"].
		The succession to the Khacanship being thus established in the same family [Istakhri: "in a family of notables who possess neither power nor riches"]; when the turn of the inheritance arrives to any individual of it, he is confirmed in the dignity, though he possesses not a single dirhem [coin].
		Khaqan Bek Ibn Rusta Khazar Khaqan Aysha Masudi Khaqan Malik Istakhri Malik Khazar Khaqan Khazarl
	www.biblebelievers.org.au /13trib01.htm (12719 words)

	Amirs of al-Yun
		Unfortunately, I do not have access to the work and have been unable to find a translation.
		There is also a somewhat cryptic reference to al-Yun in Istakhri, where I have been told that the name is spelled differently and unpointed, with no reference to the local ruler or even to the existence of a separate state.
		I am writing to you for your assistance in securing the relevant information from the two works referenced above.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/51/111.html (902 words)

	J.U. Lloyd, 1911: History of the Vegetable Drugs of the USP: Asafoetida (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Arabian and Persian travelers of the Middle Ages knew it.
		Ali Istakhri ( 337), of ancient Persepolis, in the tenth century, states that it was abundantly produced between Sistan and Makran of Beluchistan, and was used by the people as a condiment.
		It has ever been employed in Arabic therapy.
	www.ibiblio.org /herbmed/eclectic/lloyd-hist/ferula-asaf.html (191 words)

	Iranian Language Family
		NewPersian : following the demise of the Sasanian Empire, great populations of Arabic speaking tribes started migrating to the newly conquered Sasanian lands.
		Historians such as Masudi and geographers like Istakhri tell us of cities like Qom, which had an Arabic-speaking majority.
		In addition,with the replacement of Middle Persian by Arabic as the administrative language, Persian fell in to an unfavourable position.
	www.iranologie.com /history/ilf.html (2844 words)

	Dual Eclipses and Ramadan - by Siraj Desai (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Imam Ali bin Umar Dar-e-Qutni states in his collection of ahadith:
		My Ustaad Abu Saeed Istakhri narrates from his Ustaad Muhammad bin Abdullah, who narrates from his Ustaad Ubaid bin Ya'eesh, and he narrates from Yunus bin Bukair, and he from Amar bin Shamir, and he from Jaabir who narrates that Muhammad bin Ali said:
		Verily, for our Mahdi there are two signs which have never as yet concurred since the creation of the heavens and earth; first is the eclipse of the moon on the first night of Ramadan, and second is the eclipse of the sun during the middle of that same Ramadan.
	www.beautifulislam.net /signs/lunar_eclipse_ramadan.htm (1836 words)

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