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Topic: Isthmus of Darien

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	DARIEN - LoveToKnow Article on DARIEN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Darien is of great interest in the history of geographical discovery.
		In 1513 Vasco Nuflez de Balboa stood silent upon a peak in Darien,1 and saw the Pacific at his feet stretching inland in the Gulf of San Miguel; and for long this narrow neck of land seemed alternately to proifer~ and refuse a means of transit between the two oceans.
		The first serious attempt to turn th~ isthmus to permanent account as a trade route dates from the beginning of the 18th century, and forms an interesting chapter in Scottish history.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /D/DA/DARIEN.htm (502 words)

	New Georgia Encyclopedia: Darien
		The Bank of Darien, which became one of the most influential financial institutions in the South, was chartered in late 1818, largely because of the town's cotton trade, and opened in April 1819.
		Darien was undefended and unoccupied, and it was not a place of strategic or commercial importance at the time.
		Tunis G. Campbell of Darien, an official of the Freedmen's Bureau and one of the first African Americans to serve in the Georgia legislature, was a key figure during Reconstruction.
	www.georgiaencyclopedia.org /nge/Article.jsp?id=h-645 (1117 words)

	Darién scheme - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Darién scheme was an unsuccessful attempt by the Kingdom of Scotland to establish a colony on the Isthmus of Panama.
		The colonists instead arrived in Darien to find a harsh, unforgiving and pestilent jungle with poor soil and natives uninterested in the trinkets the colonists had packed instead of good farming equipment.
		Poorly equipped, beset by incessant rain, under attack by the Spanish from nearby Cartagena, and refused aid by the English in the West Indies, the colony was abandoned, and most of the colonists died of starvation or disease.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dari%C3%A9n_scheme (519 words)

	Darien and McIntosh County History
		Darien's waterfront was fully developed at this time, and ships crowded the Darien River and Doboy Sound harbors, awaiting cargoes of cotton, rice and lumber.
		The downfall of Darien as a great cotton port was brought about by two factors: The national Panic of 1837 and the development of railroads in Georgia, all of which bypassed Darien.
		Darien was largely deserted when the Yankee ships arrived at the bluff and landed their troops on the waterfront in the area of the present-day Darien bridge.
	www.darientel.net /~aatrain/history.html (3592 words)

	PATERSON, WILLIAM (1658-1719) - Online Information article about PATERSON, WILLIAM (1658-1719)
		With these funds the council was to revive the Darien scheme, to build workhouses, to employ, relieve and maintain the poor, and to encourage manufactures and fisheries.
		This was the Darien scheme on a new and broader basis.
		The brilliant account of the Darien scheme in the fifth volume of Macaulay's History is incorrect and misleading; that in Burton's Hist.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /PAS_PER/PATERSON_WILLIAM_1658_1719_.html (1580 words)

	Principal Characters ...
		'Darien', said Paterson, would be the 'door of the seas, the key of the universe', reducing by half the time and expense of navigation to China and Japan, and bringing peace to both oceans without the guilt of war.
		The Spaniards' claim to Darien had been acknowledged by William and the English government, but their attempt to retake it was repulsed by the Scots in a little jungle skirmish.
		The Darien venture was perhaps the worst disaster in Scotland's history, greater than the bloody defeats of Flodden and Dunbar and Worcester.
	www.kinnaird.net /darien.htm (4162 words)

	Tours of Scotland my native homeland.
		The Darien is a district covering the eastern part of the isthmus joining Central and South America.
		In 1513 Vasco Nuflez de Balboa stood “silent upon a peak in Darien,” and saw the Pacific at his feet stretching inland in the Gulf of San Miguel; and for long this narrow neck of land seemed alternately to provide and refuse a means of transit between the two oceans.
		The colonists arrived broken in health; their spirits were crushed by the fate of their predecessors, and embittered by the harsh fanaticism of the four ministers whom the general assembly of the Church of Scotland had sent out to establish a regular presbyterial organization.
	www.fife.50megs.com /darien.htm (441 words)

	Panama & Canal Zone Place Names
		Darien: Name of a large and only partially explored territory in eastern Panama, heavily wooded and rich in minerals.
		Across the bay is the American settlement established on account of the neighboring rock quarry, from which the rock was obtained for the concrete in Gatun Lockws, as well as for the armor of the west breakwater in Colon Harbor.
		Tiburon: in English, “shark” - a cape at the entrance of the Gulf of Darien or Uraba, on the northeast coast of Panama.
	www.angelfire.com /tx/CZAngelsSpace/PCZplaces.html (3031 words)

	Darien, Connecticut (Cities)
		Darien is located in Fairfield County southwest of Norwalk between Stamford and Bridgeport along Interstate 95 near the New York state line.
		Darien was originally part of Stamford, the area became a Middlesex Parish in 1737.
		Darien is part of the Stamford-Norwalk, Connecticut metro area.
	www.ohwy.com /ct/d/darien.htm (159 words)

	AllRefer.com - DariEn Scheme (British And Irish History) - Encyclopedia
		DariEn Scheme, Scottish project to establish a colony on the Isthmus of Panama (DariEn).
		William Paterson directed the first efforts of the company to found a colony on the Isthmus of Panama to compete with the Dutch and Spanish for trade.
		Investors in the DariEn venture were partially indemnified for their losses.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/D/DarienSc.html (268 words)

	Scotland's Past - The Darien Scheme (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Darien scheme began in 1695 when the Scottish Parliament passed an Act for the establishment of a 'Company of Scotland Trading to Africa and the Indies'.
		The particular destination of Darien seems to have been the idea of William Paterson, founder of the Bank of England, and he actually sailed with the expedition.
		Paterson had made some mistakes, however, he underestimated both the size of the Pacific and the difficulty of crossing the isthmus in the absence of a canal.
	www.scotlandspast.org /darien.cfm (829 words)

	Darien Answer Book: History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		According to the Darien Historical Society, which helped in preparing this section of the Answer Book, the first residents of this area were the Siwanoy Indians, a generally peaceful people who lived by fishing, hunting, and tending their corn fields.
		Until the advent of the railroad, Darien was a small, rural community of about 1,000 farmers, shoemakers, fishermen, and merchants engaged in coastal trading.
		Darien was still a small town of a few thousand people in 1914, even though there were already a few hardy commuters here who taxied by surrey from home to station.
	www.acorn-online.com /answer/d-hist.htm (1168 words)

	Lionel Wafer, A Description of the Isthmus of Darien
		As well as advising the Darien Company, his 'Secret Report' to the British Government (reprinted in the Elliott Joyce edition) appears to be the first carefully considered estimate of England's options for planting a colony in the South Seas.
		Dampier in the Isthmus, till my last leaving him in the South-Seas, I shall now go on with the particular Description of the Isthmus of America, which was the main Thing I intended publishing in these Relations.
		Herries, Walter, A Defense of the Scots Abdicating Darien (Glasgow, 1700).
	web.princeton.edu /sites/english/eng321/WAFER.HTM (6135 words)

	Darien State Historical Marker
		This is Darien, in the heart of the historic Altamaha delta region.
		In 1818 the City of Darien was chartered, and became the County Seat.
		The Bank of Darien, chartered in 1818, was the strongest Bank south of Philadelphia, with branches in 7 Georgia cities.
	www.cviog.uga.edu /Projects/gainfo/gahistmarkers/darienhistmarker.htm (251 words)

	DARIEN - Online Information article about DARIEN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		, situated on the small Darien river, north-west of the mouth of the Atrato.
		In 1513 Vasco Nunez de Balboa stood "silent upon a peak in Darien,"1 and saw the Pacific at his feet stretching inland in the Gulf of San Miguel; and for long this narrow neck of land seemed alternately to proffer and refuse a means of transit between the two oceans.
		giving extensive powers to a company trading to Africa and the Indies; and this company, under the advice of one of the most remarkable economists of the period, William Paterson (q.v.), determined to establish a colony on the isthmus of Darien as a general emporium for the commerce of all the nations of the world.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /DAH_DEM/DARIEN.html (551 words)

	Darien
		My grandfather was born in Darien, Georgia, which was founded in 1736 as the southernmost bastion of the British colonies against the Spanish and named after the older Darien.
		The Company and the attempts to settle Darien were very big deals in their time, similar to a country the size of Scotland funding its own space program in our day.
		The Darien expeditions were not major migrations, although it was expected that they would be if they were successful.
	sinclair.quarterman.org /darien.html (751 words)

	darien (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		My name is _____ and I was searching for something on the Isthmus of Darien and fell upon your website on the El Nino.
		And they sailed and landed upon the Isthmus of Darien or a little south thereof.
		When Joseph Fielding Smith compiled the book he called 'The Teachings of the Prophet Joseph Smith,' then Joseph Fielding Smith was adding his word that he considers this particular statement found in the Times and Season as having come from Joseph Smith himself, and not from a secondary editor.
	www.xmission.com /~hunter/darien.htm (873 words)

	Isthmus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Isthmus is an art exhibition of the work of History and Studio Art students currently in.
		isthmus is a narrow strip of land, bordered on two sides by water, and connects two larger land masses.
		isthmus, also termed mesopneumonium, is the reflection of parietal pleura medially from the lungs where it merges with the visceral pleura.
	www.industryspecific.co.uk /isthmus.html (320 words)

	Sample text for Library of Congress control number 00266235
		Sir: You are appointed to the command of an expedition to make a survey of the Isthmus of Darien, to ascertain the point at which to cut a canal from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.
		The destination was the Darien wilderness on the Isthmus of Panama, more than two thousand miles from Brooklyn, within ten degrees of the equator, and, contrary to the mental picture most people had, east of the 80th meridian -- that is, east of Florida.
		But the Darien Expedition was the first, and the fact that it was to Darien, one of the wildest, least-known corners of the entire world, was a matter of extreme concern at the Navy Department.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/samples/simon051/00266235.html (7740 words)

	The history of Scotland - The Darien Expedition
		Some have said: 'The Darien venture was the most ambitious colonial scheme attempted in the 17th century…The Scots were the first to realise the strategic importance of the area..." Whilst others claimed: "They were plain daft to try….
		It was however, a depleted and less excited group of pioneers that arrived on the mosquito-infested scrap of land known as Darien on 30 October 1698.
		It has been argued that the Darien Scheme crippled the country's economy to such an extent that it triggered the dissolution of the Scottish Parliament and led to the 1707 Act of Union with England.
	www.historic-uk.com /HistoryUK/Scotland-History/DarienScheme.htm (758 words)

	Bristol University - Darien documentary
		In the late 1690s, 4,000 Scots — funded by around half of the country's wealth - set sail for the Darien isthmus of Panama, which they believed could be a key land link between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans; a kind of 17th century prototype to its modern day equivalent, the Panama Canal.
		Darien: Disaster in Paradise will also feature dramatic reconstructions of the original venture, based on journals and letters sent by the original colonists, with actor Bill Paterson playing his namesake William Paterson, the visionary behind the venture.
		"The Darien venture had to be one of the boldest bids of its time, to set up a new colony — the basis for a new country — where the jungle was and still is the king.
	www.bris.ac.uk /news/2003/219 (1225 words)

	New Edinburgh
		After the company was formed, Paterson revealed his secret land as the Isthmus of Darien, and proposed the establishment of settlements on both the Atlantic and Pacific coast.
		Besides the low provisions, they were now experiencing the diseases of the Tropics (Malaria, Yellow Fever, Dysentery), and the large number of vermin's (poisonous snakes, spiders, scorpions, and the multitude of insects) and their members were dying off.
		He never stopped thinking of someway to revitalize the Scottish colony in Darien, but it was never to be.
	www.bruce.ruiz.net /PanamaHistory/new_edinburgh.htm (2142 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Martin Fernandez de Enciso
		It is not known when, why, or with whom he went to America, but in 1508 he was living on the island of Santo Domingo, where he had accumulated a fortune in the practice of law.
		Among his followers was one Vasco Nuñez de Balboa who afterwards became famous for his discovery of the Pacific Ocean, then called the South Sea (Mar del Sur), and who had joined the expedition without Enciso's knowledge or authority, seeking to escape his creditors.
		Enciso accompanied the expedition as "alguacil mayor" and continued to oppose Balboa until the latter's execution by Dávila in 1517.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/05412a.htm (447 words)

	Atlases [River], Asherbooks Rare Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Report of a United States' exploration of the Isthmus of Darien, the southern part of today's Panama.
		Thomas Oliver Selfridge (1836-1924) headed two surveying missions, the first to the Isthmus of Darien in 1870-1871 and the second to north Columbia in 1873, and presented his findings to the third session of the Forty-Second Congress.
		In 1873 he led an expedition to explore the river Atrato upstream until the river Napipi at which point a 28-mile long canal might be dug to the Pacific, ending at two possible locations in the Gulf of Cupica.
	www.asherbooks.com /main_stock.phtml/subject/162/1/Atlases_[River].html (657 words)

	Town of Darien: Origins of the Town's Name (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The name Darien, which was chosen, is a heritage of the early shipping industry along its shore, and undoubtedly came from some sailor man’s fancy." (p.6)
		According to Darien Our Town: A Handbook for Residents compiled and published by the League of Women Voters of Darien (1978), "During the post-Revolutionary War period inhabitants of Middlesex Parish petitioned repeatedly for complete independence from Stamford.
		Allegedly his visiting sailor friend, who had recently returned from the Isthmus of Darien (called now the Isthmus of Panama), saw a similarity between the two sites.
	www.ci.darien.ct.us /about_darien/name.htm (227 words)

	William Paterson - Darien Scheme/ Founder of Bank of England
		PATERSON, William, the founder of the Bank of England, and projector of the Darien Expedition, was born at the farm of Skipmyre, Dumfries-shire, in March or April 1655.
		Paterson's plan was to form an emporium on each side of the isthmus of Darien, for the trade of the opposite continents.
		America issued proclamations, prohibiting any succour being given to the Scots at Darien, on the weak pretext that their settlement there was an infringement of the alliance between England and Spain.
	web.ukonline.co.uk /Members/tom.paterson/surnames/WilliamPaterson.htm (3149 words)

	The Darien Scheme (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The colony, on the Isthmus of Darien in Panama, would serve as an outlet for merchants and provide a stimulus for the sagging Scottish economy.
		But in the end, the episode would prove to be a disaster, reinforcing Scottish claims of inequality in trade with the loss of two thousand colonists and almost a half million pounds Sterling.
		The Darien disaster vividly illustrated the unfair trade practices in place during this time period and many of the investors in the Darien Scheme lost everything.
	www.tartans.com /articles/darienscheme.html (768 words)

	LEHI'S LANDING (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Despite the prevailing trade winds and ocean currents which argue against an Isthmus of Darien landing, the occasional El Nino storm of strong eastward South Pacific winds and currents arose.
		Not only with its initial storminess did it quiet Laman and Lemuel, but with prevailing winds and current it drove the vessel of Lehi across the Pacific and landed him just south of the Darien Isthmus of Panama as stated by the Prophet Joseph Smith.
		This was either on the North Western shore of Colombia or South Western Shore of South Darien.
	www.xmission.com /~hunter/lehiland.html (1529 words)

	Limited Geography and the Book of Mormon: Historical Antecedents and Early Interpretations - FARMS Review
		One view places it at the Isthmus of Darien in Panama and another places it in the Great Plains region of North America, thousands of miles to the north.
		Central America, or Guatemala, is situated north of the Isthmus of Darien and once embraced several hundred miles of territory from north to south.â”The city of Zarahemla, burnt at the crucifixion of the Savior, and rebuilt afterwards, stood upon this land.
		Was the narrow neck of land in Panama, at the Isthmus of Darien?
	farms.byu.edu /display.php?table=review&id=555 (14269 words)

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