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Topic: Itaipu Dam

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	Wikinfo \| Dam
		Dams may be built to provide water for irrigation or town water supply, control the amount of water in rivers or to provide hydroelectric power.
		Earth dams are constructed as a simple homogeneous embankment of well-compacted earth, sometimes with a watertight concrete core or upstream face, or sometimes with a hydraulic fill to produce a watertight core.
		A type of temporary earth dam occasionally used in high lattitudes is the frozen-core dam, in which a coolant is circulated through pipes inside the dam to maintain a watertight region of permafrost within it.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=dam (1112 words)

	dam. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Single-arch dams are curved upstream and are usually constructed in narrow canyons or gorges where the rocky side walls are strong enough to withstand the tremendous lateral thrust of the dam that is caused by the pressure of the water.
		Dams may also be constructed with roller-compacted concrete, in which thin layers of concrete are compacted as if they were earth layers; this produces a far stronger dam, without the need for full forms.
		The Oroville Dam, located in California, the tallest in the United States, is 770 ft (235 m) high; the Rogun Dam, in Russia, the tallest in the world, is 1,100 ft (335 m) high.
	www.bartleby.com /65/da/dam.html (520 words)

	Itaipu Dam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Geographic impact: Paraguay The Itaipu Hydro Electric Power Plant is situated halfway downstream of the Parana River between the cities of Guaira in Brazil and Salto del Guaira in Paraguay on the South American Continent.
		The basin drainage of Itaipu is 820,000 square kilometers.
		Trans-border Issues: YES The Itaipu dam is located on the border of Paraguay and Brazil, and is a joint effort of both nations to produce the electricity and to ensure the preservation of the regions vegetation.
	www.american.edu /TED/itaipu.htm (3030 words)

	Modern Wonders: Itaipu Dam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Powerhouse is located at the toe of the main Dam, most of it on the river bed and the rest on the Diversion Channel.
		The Concrete Main Dam is of the hollow gravity type and is connected to the Spillway by a concrete buttress-type Wing Dam which continues thereon as a small Cardhfill dike.
		The volume of iron and steel utilized in the Dam structure would be enough to build 380 Eiffel Towers, and the volume of concrete used in Itaipú represents 15 times the volume utilized to build the Channel Tunnel between France and England.
	ce.eng.usf.edu /pharos/wonders/Modern/itaipu.html (542 words)

	Technical Visit to Itaipu
		Itaipu Dam is a binational undertaking developed by Brazil and Paraguay, located in the Paraná River, in the border of the two countries, 14 km north from the city of Iguassu.
		The engineering work represented by the Itaipu Dam has fascinated the more than 11 million tourists, professionals and personalities from all over the world that have visit it in the last years.
		The whole compound of concrete, earth and rockfill dams is more than 7.7 km long, and has a maximum height of 196 meters.12.3 million cubic meters of concrete were used in the dam, besides 2.5 thousand tons of cement, and 480 thousand tons of steel.
	www.itaipu.gov.br /icold2002/english/itaipu.htm (425 words)

	Itaipu
		Itaipu Dam (Portuguese: Itaipú; SAMPA [itaj'pu]) is the largest hydroelectric power plant in the world.
		It is situated along the Paraná River[?] and produces 25% of the power of Brazil and 90% of Paraguay's.
		Itaipu is the largest power plant but not among the largest dams in the world.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/it/Itaipu_Dam.html (134 words)

	Itaipu - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is a binational undertaking run by Brazil and Paraguay at the Paraná River on the border section between the two countries, 15 km north of the Friendship Bridge.
		The maximum flow of the Itaipu's spillway is 62.2 thousand cubic metres per second, it is equivalent to 40 times the average flow of the Iguazu Falls.
		The volume of excavation of earth and rock in Itaipu is 8.5 times greater than that of the Euro Tunnel and the volume of concrete is 15 times greater.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Itaipu (900 words)

	The Official Web Site of Suspense Novelist Ron Terpening
		Edward Abbey called the dam "the most hated structure in the West." The dam is 1,560 feet long at its crest, 300 feet thick at the base and 25 feet thick at the top.
		Itaipu dam is equivalent in height to a 65-story building (196 meters).
		The dam is 660 feet at its base and 45 feet thick at the crest, containing a total of 4.36 million cubic yards of concrete.
	www.ronterpening.com /extras/tropic_ex.htm (575 words)

	Compare Prices and Read Reviews on Itaipu Dam at Epinions.com
		Itaipu is one of the biggest, most impressive public works projects in the world.
		The dam itself was jointly developed by the governments of Paraguay and Brazil who operate it on a 50-50 basis under a joint binational treaty.
		Itaipu is located at roughly the point where the borders of Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina come together.
	www.epinions.com /content_155514736260 (1694 words)

	PhilipGlass.com: Recordings: Itaipu / The Canyon
		Itaipu was commissioned by the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra and Chorus and first performed on November 2, 1989, in Atlanta under the baton of Robert Shaw.
		Like The Light, Itaipu originated as Glass's response both to nature and to a modern technological wonder, in this case the massive hydro-electric dam, by far the world's largest, that was then taking shape at Itaipú on the Paraná River which forms the border between Brazil and Paraguay.
		Touring the immense ducts and gigantic turbines, he marveled at the act of imagination through which humankind was transforming nature, an undertaking comparable in daring and inventiveness to the construction of the Egyptian pyramids.
	www.philipglass.com /html/recordings/itaipu.html (1346 words)

	Planet Ark - FEATURE - World's No. 1 dam can't save Brazil from power crisis
		ITAIPU, Brazil - It's hard to believe Brazil is in the grips of an acute energy crisis when standing before the titanic Itaipu Dam.
		Much of Itaipu's power is destined for the highly industrialized southeastern states of Brazil, home to the country's wealth and one of the areas most heavily affected by the crisis.
		Itaipu wiped out one of nature's wonders, the Seven Falls, a succession of seven waterfalls that were inundated by the dam's creation, he said.
	www.planetark.com /avantgo/dailynewsstory.cfm?newsid=11250 (857 words)

	Cracking Dams: Buttress Dams, a
		The dams in Spain and Portugal continued the progress of mill dams that was initiated by the medieval Castellar dam.
		The dam was only completed in 1690 and it had such a sturdy water retaining wall, that the widely spaced buttresses were unnecessary.
		All five dams were less than 5 m high and consisted of one to five arches with spans between 15 m and 12 m.
	www.simscience.org /cracks/advanced/butt_hist1.html (1367 words)

	Message ITAIPU
		As the Brazilian General Director of the ITAIPU Binacional, I want to welcome all the participants of the ICOLD 2002 – Iguassu and say that we, Brazilians, feel honored in receiving you for such an important Meeting.
		As you are great specialists in the implementation of dams, there is certainly an interest and even a curiosity in knowing this work.
		Itaipu is a reason for great pride to the Brazilian-Paraguayan engineering, and has been recognized by the American Society of Civil Engineers as one of the seven wonders of the modern engineering.
	www.itaipu.gov.br /icold2002/english/messageitaipu.htm (292 words)

	Itaipu Dam, Itaipu Dam in South America, Brazil Attractions
		The Itaipu Dam and hydroelectric power plant, close to the Iguasssu Falls, is the largest development of its kind in operation in the world and represents the accomplishments of the both Brazil and the neighboring country of Paraguay.
		The dam was built because both countries, which had suffered major droughts, wanted to use water from the rivers more effectively for crops, cattle, factories and industries.
		The 18 turbines, or engines in the dam wall, are turned by the water to generate 75 billion kilowatts of electricity each year, with cables taking this electricity to supply 25 percent of the energy consumed in Brazil and 78 percent of the demand in Paraguay.
	www.destination360.com /south-america/brazil/itaipu-dam.php (274 words)

	Dam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A diversionary dam is a structure designed to divert all or a portion of the flow of a river from its natural course.
		In a constant-angle dam, also known as a variable radius dam, this subtended angle is kept a constant and the variation in distance between the abutments at various levels are taken care of by varying the radii.
		A steel dam is a type of dam briefly experimented with in around the turn of the 19th-20th century which uses steel plating (at an angle) and load bearing beams as the structure.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dam (3148 words)

	EROSION CONTROL \| FEATURE ARTICLE - Stirring Up the Dirt on Dams
		Some dams in the United States are currently being studied, and some are being removed after their projects have either failed or outlived their usefulness.
		Significant concerns listed by the JCWMIS regarding the removal of Savage Rapids Dam include the particle-size gradation and spatial distribution of sediment accumulated within the reservoir, chemical composition of the reservoir sediment, and the rate at which the reservoir sediment would be eroded if the dam were removed.
		Glines Canyon Dam, completed in 1927, is a 210-ft.-high, single-arch concrete structure with varying width, with a thrust block on the right abutment and a gated spillway on the left.
	www.forester.net /ecm_0209_stirring.html (3246 words)

	Hallmark Yangtze dam completed
		However, tasks such as building of power houses of the dam, the shiplock and shiplift are still formidable," said Pu Haiqing, deputy director of the committee, when attending a forum held to discuss the final concrete placement of the dam, which is expected to be done shortly.
		The final 12 of the dam's 26 generators are to be installed over the next two years, with a scheduled completion date in 2008, a year ahead of schedule.
		The dam which replaces Brazil's Itaipu Dam as the world's largest hydro-electric and flood-control installation, is often compared to the Great Wall in scale with 28 million cubic metres of concrete poured.
	www.chinadaily.com.cn /china/2006-05/20/content_595995.htm (811 words)

	Bureau of Reclamation: Lower Colorado Region - Hoover Dam: What is Biggest?
		When Hoover Dam was finished in 1935 it was the tallest dam in the world.
		Hoover Dam is solid concrete and it was designed specifically to be used as a dam, whereas, the Syncrude Tailings is the piled up dirt left over from mining operations.
		There is one dam in the United States taller than Hoover Dam, and that is the Oroville Dam on the Feather River in California.
	www.usbr.gov /lc/hooverdam/History/essays/biggest.html (486 words)

	[No title]
		The Itaipu Dam Quiz questions are craftily compiled and will enable you to gauge how well you know about the Itaipu Dam and the general information and trivia associated with it.
		The Itaipu Dam is situated on the _______ border.
		The Itaipu Dam is a joint venture of Brazil and __________.
	www.expertrating.com /quizzes/The-Itaipu-Dam-Quiz.asp (286 words)

	BUILDING BIG: Databank: Itaipu Dam
		The 4.8-mile-long complex of concrete and rockfill dams on the Upper Parana River at the Brazil-Paraguay border has 18 generators, and it took 18 years and $18 billion to build.
		The main structure, a hollow, concrete gravity dam, has a powerhouse capable of generating 12,600 megawatts of electricity.
		The hollow dam is still heavy and sturdy enough to resist the thrust of water entirely by its own weight.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/buildingbig/wonder/structure/itaipu.html (284 words)

	TIME.com: Megawatt Monolith -- Nov. 15, 1982 -- Page 1
		Now Itaipu has a new significance: it is the name of the largest hydroelectric dam in the world, an $18.5 billion structure that was officially dedicated last week by Brazilian President João Baptista Figueiredo and his Paraguayan counterpart, Alfredo Stroessner.
		The dam's 18 turbines, weighing 300 tons apiece, are so large that the Symphony Orchestra of Brazil once managed to stage a performance inside one of them as it traveled to the dam site.
		Itaipu has taken seven years to build, and even so will not be producing at full capacity until 1989.
	www.time.com /time/archive/preview/0,10987,949642,00.html (578 words)

	San Rafael Hotel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Located in Parana river, Itaipu is the world's largest hydroelectric power plant in operation and it is projected for the supply of 80% of the power consumed in Paraguay and 25% of the power consumed in Brazil.
		The hydroelectric has an installed capacity of 12,6 thousand MW (Megawatts), with 18 generating units capable of producing 700 MW each.
		Itaipu was a small island in Parana river, in which the hydroelectric was contructed.
	www.sanrafaelhotelfoz.com.br /itaipu_i.htm (101 words)

	ITAIPU - largest power plant on Earth - 12 600 MW of Hydro Power
		Located at the Brazilian-Paraguaian border and not far from the Argentinian border, the first step of the initiation was already in 1966 when the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Brazil and Paraguay signed a joint statement known as the "Act of Ygazu".
		On April, 26, 1973, the two gouvernments of the states signed a treaty "for the development of the hydroelectric resources of the Parana River" and founded "ITAIPU Binacional" (a cooperation with the legal, administrative and financial capacities and technical responsibility to plan, set up and operate the plant) in May, 17, 1974.
		The height of the dam reaches 196 m, its length 7.76 km.
	www.solar.coppe.ufrj.br /itaipu.html (488 words)

	Amazon.com: Itaipu: Music: Philip Glass,Robert Shaw (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Its topic is the world's largest hydroelectric dam, built on the Rarana River between Paraguay and Brazil, and the piece--in Glass's trademark punctuating minimalism--is filled with distinct South American instrumentation, particularly in the percussion.
		The piece "Itaipu" was commissioned by the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra through the generosity of an anonymous patron who specified that the work would be written by Philip Glass, for the ASO, to be conducted by Robert Shaw (a champion of American composers and one of the world's greatest choral conductors).
		Both the majesty of "Itaipu" and the starkness of the percussion-laden "Canyon" are beautifully captured on this recording by Robert Shaw and the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra and Chorus.
	www.amazon.com /Itaipu-Robert-Shaw/dp/B00000277F (1666 words)

	Lucas Mello Schnorr (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Itaipu is a dam that includes the largest hydroelectric power plant in the world.
		The plant is capable of producing 12,600 MW (megawatts) of power, with 18 generator units of 700 MW each.
		This picture shows the beautiful green fields that can be seen all over the site and the Itaipu Dam itself, from a far perspective.
	www.inf.ufrgs.br /~lmschnorr/photos/photositaipu.html (184 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Plant is the result of intense negotiations between Paraguay and Brazil which gained impetus in the decade of 1960.
		In 1970, a consortium formed by the U.S. firm IECO and the Italian firm ELC won the international tender for carrying out the feasibility studies and for preparing the plans for the project.
		A binational entity, called Itaipu, was created in May 1974 to manage the construction of the Power Station, and the work began in January of 1975.
	www.iguassufallstour.com /main.php?run=articles&key=18 (159 words)

	Water Power Presents: Hydroelectric Dams
		On the upper side of the dam, a water gate is opened to let water surge through a tunnel leading to turbines.
		Many rivers, before dams, used to have spring floods that washed out river backwaters and deposited silt to form sandbars.
		Dams put an end to those spring floods and allow vegetation to clog up river backwaters.
	waterpower.hypermart.net /hdams.html (459 words)

	San Rafael Hotel - Free Travel
		Hydroelectric Dam was considered a pharaonic project, progeny of the megalomania of the military which governed Brazil at that time.
		The municipalities which had parts of their lands flooded by the formation of Itaipu Lake, which feeds the dam, also earn their share of the dividends paid monthly in the form of royalties.
		There are two possible tours of the largest hydroelectric dam on the planet.
	www.hotelsanrafael.net /conteudo/ingles/roteiros/foz_do_iguacu/destino_foz_itaipu.htm (276 words)

	The Dam Site
		To generate electricity in hydro-electric power stations; eg Itaipu Dam, Brazil is the largest hydro-electric power station in the world.
		Dams built specifically for flood control may have some of their storage capacity kept empty during normal river flow conditions so that space is available to store excess water inflow under flood conditions.
		The flood mitigation effect of a dam is such that the downstream river height at the peak of the flood is reduced but, after the peak has passed, the river levels usually remain high for a longer period than would have been the case if the dam had not been built.
	members.optusnet.com.au /~engineeringgeologist/page15.html (291 words)

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