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Topic: Italian Campaign

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List of World War II theatres and campaigns

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North African Campaign

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Mediterranean Theater of Operations

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Allied invasion of Italy

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1943 Sicilian campaign

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	The Italian Campaign.
		General Marshall was prepared to say that if Britain kept insisting on an Italian Campaign, the Americans would put all their effort into the Pacific war and just let the European conflict to drift.
		On the 3rd of September, Montgomery's 8th Army crossed the straights of Messina to the Italian mainland and on 9th of September, the Allies landed at Salerno.
		In secret negotiations with the Allies, the Italians tried to extract from the Allies that British and American troops would invade the mainland of Italy in sufficient force to protect them from their former allies, the Germans.
	www.geocities.com /limeydvr/italypage.html (1322 words)

	Juno Beach Centre - The Italian Campaign
		In the mind of Allied strategists and military leaders, the campaign of Italy was not the logical continuation of the invasion of Sicily.
		It was well understood, however, that the Italian campaign should in no way interfere with the preparation of what was to be the war's major operation, the massive invasion of Northwest Europe planned for the spring of 1944.
		Italian garrisons deserted their positions and fled to the hills; the only German unit in the area, part of the 29th Panzer Grenadier Division had retreated in the mountains two days earlier.
	www.junobeach.org /e/2/can-eve-rod-ita-e.htm (3901 words)

	Alien and Sedition Acts of the United States 1798.
		At the end of Napoleon's second Italian campaign and after the peace of Lunéville (1801) Austria had for all intents and purposes lost all influence in Italy.
		The eventual slowness of the Italians to unify and codify their own laws led to the imposition of the French Civil Code.
		The Italians however were restricted from carrying on an independent diplomacy and Napoleon kept a close control over the Italian armed forces.
	www.napoleon-series.org /research/government/legislation/c_italian.html (2632 words)

	Liberation: The Second World War in Sicily - Best of Sicily - Sicilian Campaign, War in Sicily 1943.
		Italian society, despite a slightly improved industrial base, was still essentially agrarian, with more than sixty percent of the population involved in agricultural-related fields or minor trades.
		Strategy of the Italian Campaign was never very well defined (it was conceived partly to draw German forces away from Russia and France), and the invasion of Sicily was always secondary to the invasion planned to take place at Normandy a year later.
		The Italians' tactics in Ethiopia and elsewhere were characterized by every form of disingenuous treachery and cruel atrocity, from the use of poison gas to the use of Nazi-style reprisals against civilians.
	www.bestofsicily.com /ww2.htm (6871 words)

	Italian Campaign
		The Italian Campaign placed Allied troops on the European mainland for the first time, but it was never intended as a substitute for an attack aimed at Germany by way of the more open route through northern France.
		The Italian campaign involved some of the hardest fighting in the war and cost the United States forces some 114,000 casualties.
		But the campaign was important in determining the eventual outcome of the war, since the Allies engaged German forces that could possibly have upset the balance in France.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h1742.html (1154 words)

	Italian Campaign - Encyclopedia.com
		Italian Campaign (July 1943–May 1945) The World War II military campaign in which Allied troops liberated Italy.
		The landing was launched (July 1943) from Malta, and by the end of the month both the island's principal cities, Palermo and Catania, were captured: on the mainland MUSSOLINI was deposed and arrested.
		Italian Trade Commission sets $7M campaign to sell U.S.; apparel, textile program is called Moda Made in Italy.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1O48-ItalianCampaign.html (800 words)

	Italy
		The Italian surrender resulted in German evacuation of the islands of Sardinia and Corsica, gave the Allies the Italian Navy, and, in effect, made Italy a co-belligerent with the Allies.
		The Italian Campaign (September 3, 1943 - May 2, 1945) placed Allied troops on the European mainland for the first time, but it was never intended as a substitute for an attack aimed at Germany by way of the more open and more remunerative route through northern France.
		But the campaign played an important part in determining the eventual outcome of the war, since the Allies, with a minimum of strength, engaged German forces that could possibly have upset the balance in France.
	www.worldwar2history.info /Italy (939 words)

	World War II Italian Campaign escorted tour of Italy
		It was from the timeless atmosphere of this ancient city that the Allied forces began their liberation of the Italian peninsula during World War II.
		The goal of Operation HUSKY was Messina, gateway to the narrow body of water between Sicily and Italy, and the enemy’s escape route to the Italian mainland.
		The abbey was restored and reconsecrated by Pope Paul VI in 1964 and was designated an Italian National Monument in 1966, with the monks acting as guardians.
	www.escorteditalytours.com /deluxe/worldwarIIitaliancamp.htm (1873 words)

	Italian campaign ends with criticisms, rallies - The Boston Globe
		Italian campaign ends with criticisms, rallies - The Boston Globe
		ROME -- Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi and his center-left rival Romano Prodi held final, open-air rallies yesterday to bring the curtain down on one of the most acrimonious Italian general election campaigns in memory.
		After two months of grueling campaigning, dominated by anxiety over the economy, the two men exchanged their last criticisms and offered their final promises ahead of the voting, which begins tomorrow and continues Monday.
	www.boston.com /news/world/articles/2006/04/08/italian_campaign_ends_with_criticisms_rallies (370 words)

	North African Campaign
		The North African Campaign, or Desert War, took place in the North African desert during World War II between 1940 and 1943.
		Italian forces became a potential threat to Allied supply routes in the Red Sea and the Suez Canal.
		After the victory in the North African Campaign, the stage was set for the Italian Campaign to begin.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h1727.html (1175 words)

	Canada at War - Page: WWII: The Italian Campaign
		The Italian Campaign of World War Two began with the invasion of Sicily in July 1943 and ended, for Canada, in February 1945 when the 1st Canadian Division was redeployed from Italy to the Western Front to assist with the advance across Western Europe to Germany.
		The Italian Campaign was Canada’s first major ground participation in the Second World War in Europe and would cost 25,264 casualties, 5,900 of them fatal, over its course which, at its highest peak, saw over 76,000 Canadians serving in Italy.
		The commander of the Italian garrison surrenders to Capt. G.R. Coderre of Sherbrooke, Quebec.
	wwii.ca /index.php?page=Page&action=showpage&id=24 (1689 words)

	Insults, flags fly as Italian campaign ends - Boston.com
		Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi and his center-left rival Romano Prodi held final, open-air rallies on Friday to bring the curtain down on the most acrimonious Italian general election campaign in living memory.
		Official campaigning ends at midnight (2200 GMT), after which Italians will get a welcome 24-hour respite from comments by candidates, who are obliged by law to observe a day of silence ahead of the vote.
		Voting is already over for Italians abroad, who for the first time could pick their representatives among expatriates.
	www.boston.com /news/world/europe/articles/2006/04/07/insults_flags_fly_as_italian_campaign_ends (663 words)

	English to French, Italian & Spanish Dictionary - WordReference.com
		The most popular dictionaries are the Spanish Dictionary, French Dictionary and the Italian Dictionary.
		The French and Italian dictionaries are also large and growing.
		The French dictionary has over 250,000 translations and the Italian dictionary has nearly 200,000.
	www.wordreference.com (253 words)

	Italian Campaign Pt. 2 - Breakthrough into Po Valley.
		Despite a shortage of artillery and air support and an Allied superiority in manpower of about two or three to one, the Axis had slowed the Allied campaign to a crawl.
		Italian and German forces engage the British and American armies as they drive up the peninsula towards Berlin.
		The battle is fierce, but the Axis have steadily been losing ground and are about to lose the highly-defensible territory they held in the Apennine Mountains.
	www.wizards.com /default.asp?x=ah/aam/ah20060526c (540 words)

	What were the Roles and Capabilities of Allied Airpower during the Italian Campaign (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The mixed results of Allied efforts to interdict the Axis armies during the Italian campaign are seen in the Axis evacuation from Sicily at Messina, the Allied invasions of Salerno and Anzio, and Operations STRANGLE and DIADEM.
		Airpower’s roles in today’s joint campaigns (air superiority, interdiction, CAS, and strategic bombing) were refined during this struggle, and many of the procedures and systems cultivated in Italy still exist in doctrine manuals and tactics pamphlets used in Air Forces throughout the world.
		However, the Italian campaign effectively demonstrates the dangers of over-reliance on airpower capabilities rather than conducting joint campaigns, especially when confronting a determined enemy willing to fight on in the face of overwhelming odds.
	www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/cc/renner.html (4529 words)

	Italian art, italian craft manufacturing suppliers, art craft vendors and products from Italy, italian chemical ...
		Italian Business Guide is the perfect Gateway to import art and crafts products direct from PRODUCER and start a great fruitful Partnership around the world.
		Italian Business Guide is a complete list of manufacturing, suppliers, vendors and professional companies from Italy convinced and prepared to support your Business DIRECTLY with Manufacturing Pricing and high level customer service, Italian Arts and crafts, Chemical products, Clothing, Apparel, Fashion, Industrial supplies, Tiles, Hotels, Electronics,...
		The Italian Business Guide engineers work hard to support the Italian art and crafts producers, painting, gallery art companies in Italy and the USA and worldwide distribution companies creating a profitable relationship.
	www.italianbusinessguide.com /italian_art_crafts_producer_supplier.htm (782 words)

	ITALIAN CAMPAIGN: PO VALLEY: 1945
		The Allies invaded mainland Italy in early September 1943, expecting a quick drive north through the Italian peninsula, into the "soft underbelly" of Europe and on to the German heartland.
		Nineteen months later, in March 1945, after hard fighting against the Gustav Line in the rugged mountainous spine of Southern Italy, the landing at Anzio, their advance up the Liri valley to capture Rome, and more mountain fighting in the North Apennines, the Allies were still south of the Po Valley and the Alps.
		Allied losses in the Italian Campaign exceeded 312,000, of which 60% were sustained by Fifth Army units.
	www.olive-drab.com /od_history_ww2_ops_battles_1945povalley.php (2079 words)

	Churchill and the Italian Campaign - The Churchill Centre
		They remember the Italian campaign vaguely - perhaps Cassino, perhaps that the Italian army was a flop.
		The campaign itself was a long one: from September 1943, when the first landing in the 'boot' took place and a few days later when we landed at Salerno, until we reached the Brenner pass in May 1945-almost two years later.
		The Allies were certainly going to drive the German and Italian armies out of Africa and capture a great number of soldiers and guns and tanks and all the paraphernalia an army carries with it.
	www.winstonchurchill.org /i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=597 (4035 words)

	The Raw Story \| Face of Italian right-to-die campaign dies
		Rome- Piergiorgio Welby, a terminally-ill patient whose request to die had turned him into the frontman of an Italian campaign to legalize euthanasia, has died, activists said Thursday.
		Recent surveys have shown that the majority of Italians are in favour of legalizing euthanasia.
		Only hours before his death, medical experts consulted by the government had ruled out allowing doctors to switch off his life support machines, arguing that he wasn't in any imminent danger of dying.
	rawstory.com /news/2006/Face_of_Italian_right_to_die_campai_12212006.html (252 words)

	Vieri launches Italian campaign - theage.com.au
		The Azzurri launched their campaign to end a 20-year World Cup drought with a 2-0 win over Ecuador in their opening game under the roof of the Sapporo Dome last night.
		As it turned out, the early lead was crucial, because the Italians needed to survive a second-half onslaught from Ecuador before they clinched the game.
		Inzaghi's week-long battle with fitness had dominated the build-up, and once the AC Milan striker made himself available it had been expected he would be reinstated to the side.
	www.theage.com.au /articles/2002/06/03/1022982676404.html (695 words)

	blueverticalstudio » The Italian Campaign
		The ad campaign by the RSCG agency in 1989 responded to Hamlet’s question by stressing the company’s identity and its overall significance: “Because B&B Italia revolutionized our way of experiencing the home.
		This is the first publicity campaign where … B&B Italia itself is the subject, author of its own products, entirely responsible for their own innovative content and their value in the history of design.”
		B&B Italia’s aesthetic changed with the times, and by the mid-90’s the ad campaigns presented a series of tranquil domestic spaces that occasionally combined new pieces with the company’s classic models.
	blueverticalstudio.com /go/?p=2093 (890 words)

	HIST 3804: The Italian Campaign (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Second World War Allied campaign in Italy is often labelled a "sideshow" compared to the better-known battles in Normandy and Northwest Europe.
		Most importantly, the Allies used Italian battlefields to divert and destroy a large portion of the German Army building in the west, preventing it from concentrating to defeat the expected attack along Europe's northwest coast.
		Although the course will address the campaign as a whole, special attention will be paid to the highly successful, yet little-known Canadian contribution to the battles of Ortona, the Liri Valley and the Gothic Line.
	www.unbsj.ca /arts/classics/rome05/h3804.htm (318 words)

	Amazon.com: Pavia 1525: The Climax of the Italian Wars (Campaign): Books: Angus Konstam,Graham Turner (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In this titanic clash - the most decisive of the Italian Wars, caused by French territorial ambitions in first the Kingdom of Naples and then the Duchy of Milan - the French troops were smashed by the Spanish Imperial Army.
		Francis I, King of France (1494-1547), was crowned during the New Year of 1514/15, and within months began planning his first independent military campaign, which resulted in victory at Marignano in 1515.
		Soon the campaign lost momentum and the beseiger became the besieged.
	www.amazon.com /Pavia-1525-Climax-Italian-Campaign/dp/1855325047 (2006 words)

	North Apennines
		The following essay is one of a series of campaign studies highlighting those struggles that, with their accompanying suggestions for further reading, are designed to introduce you to one of the Army's significant military feats from that war.
		Although the U.S. 10th Mountain Division was slated for Italian service and the fl U.S. 92d Infantry Division as well as the Brazilian Expeditionary Force had arrived in the IV Corps' sector, all were undergoing training and were not yet ready for frontline deployment.
		The northern Apennines fighting was the penultimate campaign in the Italian theater.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/brochures/nap/72-34.htm (7528 words)

	Kossuth and the Italian Campaign of 1859 (The Nation, July 1, 1880)
		Kossuth and the Italian Campaign of 1859 (The Nation, July 1, 1880)
		The article reports on the role of Hungarian Statesman and patriot, Louis Kossuth, in the Italian liberation campaign of 1859.
		Louis Napoleon, Emperor of France, prefaced his Italian campaign with the announcement that Italy was to he liberated and with this object in view, he opened negotiations with Louis Kossuth and other Hungarian exiles at that time residing in London.
	www.thenation.com /archive/detail/14031433 (194 words)

	Italy, Sicily, Mussolini, Fascist, Somaliland, Abyssinia, League of Nations, Albania, Pact of Steel, Axis, Rome
		German and Italian aircraft sank and damaged a number of warships and transports in the invasion area including a US destroyer on the 10th.
		The Italian surrender was signed in Sicily on the 3rd, but not announced until the 8th to coincide with the main Allied landing at Salerno, and in the forlorn hope of preventing the Germans from taking over the country.
		On the 12th the arrested Benito Mussolini was rescued from his Italian captors in the Abruzzi Mountains by German Col Otto Skorzeny's paratroops and flown to Germany.
	www.naval-history.net /WW2CampaignsItaly.htm (3996 words)

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