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Topic: Italian Fascists

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	Italian fascism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Italian fascism (in Italian, fascismo) was the authoritarian political movement which ruled Italy from 1922 to 1943 under the leadership of Benito Mussolini.
		Italian Fascism is often considered to be a proper noun and thus denoted by a capital letter "F", whereas generic fascism is conventionally represented with the lower-case character "f".
		Despite the themes of social and economic reform in the initial Fascist manifesto of June 1919, the movement came to be supported by sections of the middle class fearful of socialism and communism.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Italian_fascism (3687 words)

	Fascism - MSN Encarta
		Although the Italian parliament moved swiftly to crush the protest, King Victor Emmanuel III refused to sign a decree that would have imposed martial law and enabled the military to destroy the Fascists.
		Italian soldiers even started to mimic the goose-step marching style of their Nazi counterparts, though it was called the Roman step.
		The main tool for the Fascistization (conversion to Fascism) of the masses and the creation of the new Fascist man was not propaganda, censorship, education, or terror, or even the large fascist social and military organizations.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761568245_4/Fascism.html (2376 words)

	Fascism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nazism differed from Italian Fascism in the emphasis on the state's purpose in serving its national ideal on the basis of a national race, specifically the social engineering of culture to the ends of the greatest possible prosperity for the Germanic race at the expense of all else and all others.
		Italian Fascism took power with the blessing of Italy's king after years of leftist-led unrest led many conservatives to fear that a communist revolution was inevitable.
		Italian fascists viewed increasing the birthrate of Italy as a major goal of their regime, with Mussolini launching a program, called the 'Battle For Births', to almost double the country's population.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fascism (4614 words)

	New York Review of Books, Volume 42, Number 11 · June 22, 1995
		Italian fascism was certainly a dictatorship, but it was not totally totalitarian, not because of its mildness but rather because of the philosophical weakness of its ideology.
		Italian fascism was the first right-wing dictatorship that took over a European country, and all similar movements later found a sort of archetype in Mussolini's regime.
		Fascist governments are condemned to lose wars because they are constitutionally incapable of objectively evaluating the force of the enemy.
	astro.temple.edu /~alistair/ECO.htm (4666 words)

	The Anarchist Encyclopedia: The Camillo BERNERI Page from The Anarchist Encyclopedia from the Daily Bleed: A Gallery of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Forced into exile by the Italian fascist government, Berneri organized the first column of Italian volunteers to fight in Spain, where he participated in the battle of Monte Pelado on August 28, 1936, and on September 3 in Huesca.
		The responsibility lay with the fascist régime, who expected the anarchists to be blamed, forcing the French government to repatriate them.
		In Barcelona, he tried to warn people about the important implications of the imminent fascist landings in the Balearic Isles, did propaganda work, attacked the Madrid government for its politics of compromise which were damaging Catalan autonomy, and criticized the ambiguous behaviour of the French and English governments.
	recollectionbooks.com /bleed/Encyclopedia/BerneriCamillo.htm (2042 words)

	Fascism in Sicilian History - Sicily's Fascists and Anti-Fascists - Fascism in Italy, Fascism in America
		But in Greece in 1941, as a lieutenant in the Italian Army's Pinerolo Division during the Italian occupation, he was one of the soldiers responsible for the torture and murder of a Greek policeman named Isaac Sinanoglu, who was dragged by a galloping horse after his teeth were extracted with pliers.
		The number of Italians killed by gunfire (firing squad) in Nazi reprisals is usually placed at around 8,000, mostly civilians, and the men responsible have sometimes been tried for murder, though the German Federal Republic is not legally required to extradite such suspects, now old men in their 80s or 90s.
		They were the Italian Taliban, and in many ways their social policies, and eventual defeat, were remarkably similar to those of the Taliban in Afghanistan six decades later (and for which President Bush mentioned Fascism in his speech condemning the terrorist attacks in the United States in September 2001).
	www.bestofsicily.com /fascism.htm (3398 words)

	Political Ideologies and the Democratic Ideal: Fascism
		For the fascist, an individual human life only has meaning in so far as it is rooted in and realized through the life of the society or the nation as a whole.
		This meant that freedom for the fascists was not, and is not, individual liberty, but the freedom of the nation, the integrated, organic whole that unites all individuals, groups, and classes behind the iron shield of the all powerful state.
		According to the Italian fascists, it is the nation; to the Nazis, the nation defined in racial terms.
	www.cla.wayne.edu /polisci/kdk/Comparative/SOURCES/fascism.htm (11049 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Fascists
		After serving in World War I, he joined the Fascist movement and in 1922 was one of the four top leaders of the March on Rome, which brought Mussolini to power.
		He was acknowledged (1920) by the Italians as emir of Cyrenaica but had to flee to Egypt in 1922 after quarreling with the Italian Fascists.
		Fascism on the facade: much of modern Rome was shaped by the Fascists of the 1920s and '30s, but many tourists on their way to the Colosseum fail to see the remnants of la voce d'Italia.
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=Fascists (653 words)

	Daily Life under Mussolini
		It was the goal of Benito Mussolini and the Italian Fascist Party to control every aspect of the lives of Italian citizens.
		As the Labor Charter of 1927 proclaims, "The Italian nation is an organism possessing a purpose, a life and instruments of action superior in power and duration to those possessed by the individuals or groups of individuals who compose it.
		The Fascists hoped to decrease the number of poor and unemployed in the cities, but in the end they were unable to control the masses of people entering the cities, and urban areas continued to swell even after the Regime had fallen.
	www.dickinson.edu /~osborne/myers/mussolini_life.htm (3682 words)

	Fascism and Zionism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The presence of Italian Jews in the fascist movement was formidable from the very beginning, and the Jews were very active in the movement.
		Fascist propaganda tended to argue that having a Jewish identity was an explanation for non-Fascist leanings.
		It is possible that Italian Jewry had a certain curiosity towards Zionism as towards their history and customs, but in Italy there was certainly no hierarchy of the free and the oppressed.
	www.wzo.org.il /en/resources/view.asp?id=585 (2580 words)

	Fascism: The Truth
		Italian Fascism began on the left, seeking to combine strong nationalism with modern developmentalism and an aggressive new style of activism that prized violence, idealism, and anti-materialism.
		Though approximately thirteen thousand Fascists were executed by partisans at the end of the war, the official purge of Fascists conducted by the new democratic system in Italy was limited and half-hearted.
		Italian Fascism has been studied much less than German Nazism, but interest in the topic is increasing among American scholars, and thus the Fry Collection is being made available at a very opportune moment.
	www.angelfire.com /home/government/FascistNews.html (1099 words)

	Berlusconi allies with Italian fascists. \| MetaFilter
		Also, the fascists have high-profile supporters, which is always nice to have in a political partnership come election day.
		They Italianized the islands linguistically (Italian became the mandatory language in the schools), Fascist-ized the islands governmentally (and architecturally), and eventually militarized the islands as a stopping off point to invade and conquer Crete in WWII and to run interference on the rest of their invasion of Greece.
		Italians can be immensely naive, indeed many bought the idea that Berlusconi is an industry captain..he isn't, he's a financier and mediatic mogoul, but doesn't know how to build shit, but to many italians it seems an enormous change from the usual career politicians, skilled mostly at buttering their bread.
	www.metafilter.com /mefi/49367 (8212 words)

	Fascism and Italian Anarchists in Australia by Gianfranco Cresciani
		Yet, what made Italian anarchists historically significant, was their political influence which, during the twenties, ranged well beyond their number and made of them the unchallenged leaders of the anti-Fascist movement as well as a serious threat to Italian Fascists in this country.
		This was the first time when Italians in Australia walked out of a job in large numbers and by their determination and class solidarity compelled the landowners to ask for governmental intervention and for police protection.
		The Fascist authorities intensified their surveillance and on 15 February 1938 the sailors of the Italian cruiser Raimondo Montecuccoli assaulted an anti-Fascist, whom they believed to be Carmagnola, suspected of having distributed leaflets aboard the cruiser.
	www.takver.com /history/italian.htm (7419 words)

	Idea of America Essay Contest :: 2005 Grand Prize-Winning Essay
		Though the methods employed by the communists and the fascists were similar, their ultimate goals were different.
		Conquest was also a prime goal for the fascist rulers, which caused confrontations and the quick downfall of both Italian fascism and Nazism as systems of government.
		This contrasted with the fascist groups that favored a continued use of authoritarianism to suppress all opposition.
	www.wethepeople.gov /essay/archive/2005/2005winner.html (1117 words)

	portland imc - 2004.10.11 - More Confirmationof Italian Neo-Fascists Behind IMC Shutdown and Seizure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Clearly less reticiant are the parlamentarian representatives of the italian government parties.
		On sunday, Mario Landolfi, spokesman of post fascist "Aleanza Nazionale" (AN), announced the seizure of the computers served "the enforcement of the law".
		Left wing party member and assitant chairman of the commission of justice of the italian parliament Paolo Cento spoke of a "bad, authoritarian incident" and demanded an immediate comment of the government.
	portland.indymedia.org /en/2004/10/299602.shtml (597 words)

	Anti-Fascist
		Italian fascists have always taken advantage of periods of crisis to gain visibility and protect the capitalist order.
		In fact, fascist attacks and provocations towards those who have always struggled against the system have multiplied in the last months.
		Fascists have always found a warm welcome here after commiting the most infamous actions.
	www.325collective.com /anti-fascist.html (473 words)

	Searchlight Magazine
		John Prescott's meeting with Gianfranco Fini, the Italian fascist leader, went unnoticed by the British media but for Fini it was a major coup in his party's campaign to gain inter-national respectability.
		Still unwelcome in a number of countries because of his fascist background, a few weeks ago he was in London seeking to make himself acceptable to the British government and by implication to propel the advance of so called "post-fascism" internationally and provide succour to the extreme right everywhere.
		He joined the fascist movement in 1967 aged 16 and grew in it to become general secretary to the fascist party, Movimento Sociale Italiano.
	www.searchlightmagazine.com /pages/StoryTemplatePrint.php?story=42 (1658 words)

	Review: Exporting Fascism. Italian Fascists and Britain's Italians in the 1930s and Football and Fascism. The National ...
		Moreover, both volumes are welcome additions to the extremely rich literature on Italian fascism, looking at areas which have previously been overlooked by historians and aiming at new interpretations of the regime through well-worked case studies and focused research.
		Fascists took control of the world of football in the mid-1920s and proceeded to revolutionise the game, building stadiums all over the peninsula and creating a national team which was to dominate the international game for four years, winning two world cups and an Olympic gold medal.
		Some British Fascists even went so far as to send back glowing accounts from the front in Africa, in which the Italian troops were described as ‘crusaders’ and a ‘revolutionary army’.
	www.history.ac.uk /reviews/paper/foot.html (1187 words)

	Some Ethio-Italian Historical Notes, II
		Another Fascist luminary of this time who joined the Italian Air Force for the invasion of Ethiopia was the Fascist lawyer, Roberto Farinacci, a sometime Secretary of the Party.
		There was later some talk of Farinacci forming an alternative Italian Fascist Government on German soil, but, largely due to his lack of charisma (which could not compete with the Duce), this failed to materialise.
		An Italian trial of Graziani, for his collaboration with the Germans, was, however, resumed in 1950.
	www.addistribune.com /Archives/2003/01/10-01-03/Some.htm (1329 words)

	GI -- World War II Commemoration
		The defeat of Italian arms in WORLD WAR II brought an end to his imperial dream and led to his downfall.
		In 1929 a concordat with the Vatican was signed, by which the Italian state was at last recognized by the Roman Catholic Church.
		Following Italian defeats on all fronts and the Anglo-American landing in Sicily in 1943, most of Mussolini's colleagues turned against him at a meeting of the Fascist Grand Council on July 25, 1943.
	gi.grolier.com /wwii/wwii_mussolini.html (1568 words)

	http://xft001/classes/intlfilm/italianneorealism.htm
		The history of Italian cinema is of course altered drastically by the rise of Fascism, under Benito Mussolini, in 1922.
		The Fascists also built the Cinecitta Studios in Rome, spectacular facilities that, along with Hollywood and the UFA studios in Germany, represent the height of the studio mode of filmmaking.
		The politics of Italian Neo-realism is traditionally studied by emphasizing its Marxist, class-based critique of economic material conditions in post-war Italy.
	www.montana.edu /metz/website/intlfilm/italianneorealism.htm (2564 words)

	British Tories in discussions with Italian neo-fascists
		The AN is the political heir of fascist dictator Benito Mussolini.
		British fascists in the National Front were known to have submerged themselves in the Tory party during its years in government—attracted by its racist and nationalist policies and its law-and-order rhetoric.
		Jean-François Mancel, former RPR general secretary and a close friend of President Jacques Chirac, was expelled from the party after supporting such an accommodation with the FN at the national level, which he described as "the right-wing party of tomorrow."
	www.wsws.org /articles/1999/jun1999/tory-j11.shtml (1004 words)

	Flirting with Fascism
		Ledeen later made clear that he relished the ire of the left-wing establishment precisely because “De Felice was challenging the conventional wisdom of Italian Marxist historiography, which had always insisted that fascism was a reactionary movement.” What de Felice showed, by contrast, was that Italian fascism was both right-wing and revolutionary.
		The young Ledeen wrote that those who exalted the position of youth in the fascist revolution—like those who argued in favor of his beloved “universal fascism”—were committed to exporting Italian fascism to the whole world, an idea in which Mussolini was initially uninterested.
		As Ledeen shows, the Italian fascists expressed their desire “to tear down the old order” (his words from 2002) in terms that are curiously anticipatory of a famous statement in 2003 by the Defense Secretary, Donald Rumsfeld.
	www.amconmag.com /06_30_03/feature.html (979 words)

	UK Indymedia - Italian Fascists run student travel co` in London (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Italian Fascists run student travel co` in London
		Roberto Fiore and co are doubtless fascist scumbags, as Luther Blissett states, but the stuff he writes about Fiore’s connection with the bombing of Bologna railway station is rubbish.
		It was in many ways the culmination of the so-called Strategy of Tension, which started with the bombing of the Piazza Fontana in 1969, and included the assassination of Aldo Moro and various other bombings and assassinations ostensibly carried out by extra-parliamentary groups of the Left and Right.
	www.indymedia.org.uk /en/2001/08/9711.html?c=on (911 words)

	BROKEN WINDOWS
		The principles and organization of the Italian Fascists, the Italian Fascist movement; a similar nationalist and authoritarian movement in another country; loosely right-wing authoritarianism.
		A member of a body of Italian nationalists, which was organized in 1919 to opposed Communism in Italy and controlled the country from 1922 to 1943; a member of any similar nationalist and authoritarian organization in another country; loosely any person with right-wing authoritarian political views.
		Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of Fascism or Fascists.
	blogs.salon.com /0002967/2005/07/13.html (791 words)

	Slugger O'Toole: Italian hallians...
		Although the Italians (apparently proponents of a weird, pan-Catholic solidarity) would eventually be told to leave, the fact that their presence was tolerated for hours was indicative of the absence of political content in the demonstration.
		Posted by: Gonzo at September 30, 2005 08:27 PM Italian fascists are notorious for their Dandyism and are like most people in the Berlusconi era, clueless, I doubt they even know what a petrol bomb looks like.
		I would think the fascist would be more likely to support the loyalist extremist just like their mates in the National Front.
	www.sluggerotoole.com /archives/2005/09/italian_hallian.php (1673 words)

	Italian fascists support Hezbollah while Israel is helped by exotic animals - Pravda.Ru
		Italian fascists support Hezbollah while Israel is helped by exotic animals - Pravda.Ru 20 August 2006
		Italian fascists support Hezbollah while Israel is helped by exotic animals
		The criminals signed the inscriptions as 'the armed revolutionary fascists'.
	english.pravda.ru /hotspots/conflicts/04-08-2006/83755-llama-0 (426 words)

	Publisher description for Library of Congress control number 2003010054
		Publisher description for Exporting fascism : Italian fascists and Britain's Italians in the 1930s / Claudia Baldoli.
		Ambassador Dino Grandi had great success in the fascistization campaign of Italian emigrants through such means as Italian community newspapers and fascist summer camps and schools.
		Specifically, she uncovers the Italophilia that dominated the British Union of Fascists (BUF) in the first half of the 1930s, later to be replaced with an admiration for National Socialism.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/description/hol052/2003010054.html (282 words)

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