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	Renaissance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Italian Renaissance of the 15th century represented a reconnection of the west with classical antiquity, the absorption of knowledge (particularly mathematics), a focus on the importance of living well in the present (Renaissance humanism), and an explosion of the dissemination of knowledge brought on by the advent of printing.
		The Italian Renaissance was often labeled as the beginning of the "modern" epoch.
		The Italian Renaissance was intertwined with the intellectual movement known as Renaissance humanism and with the fiercely independent and combative urban societies of the city-states of central and northern Italy in the 13th to 16th centuries.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Renaissance (3055 words)

	Italian Renaissance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Italian Renaissance began the opening phase of the Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement in Europe that spanned the period from the end of the 14th century to about 1600, marking the transition between Medieval and Early Modern Europe.
		Prior to the Renaissance, the Italian language was not the literary language in Italy.
		The Italian Renaissance in painting began anew, in Florence, with the frescos of Masaccio, then the panel paintings and frescos of Piero della Francesca and Paolo Uccello began to enhance the realism of their work by using new techniques in perspective, thus representing three dimensions in two-dimensional art more authentically.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Italian_Renaissance (6280 words)

	Backgrounds to the Italian Renaissance
		The popes of the later middle ages and the Italian Renaissance could scarcely be considered churchmen; drawn from the nobility, they were ruthless politicians whose central goal was the expansion of their political power.
		It is an old given in Renaissance studies that the phenomenal growth of wealth in these small city-states is directly responsible for the flowering of literature, scholarship and the other arts during the Italian Renaissance as the aristocracy and the powerful sought to praise and legitimate their power by patronizing the arts and scholarship.
		It was the last significant moment in Italian Renaissance history; the Reformation, one of the most significant events in European history, was on the eve of its eruption, awaiting a cold morning at the end of October, 1517, to permanently change the face of European culture.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/REN/BACK.HTM (2870 words)

	MyStudios- Italian Renaissance Artists
		It is fundamentally an Italian style, and although it's influences were felt throughout Europe, each individual European territory kept to their own artistic style.
		Renaissance art was born out of a new, rapidly evolving civilization that marked an end to the Middle Ages and the beginning of the modern world.
		The idea of rebirth lies at the heart of all Renaissance achievement: artists, scholars, scientists, philosophers, architects, and rulers believed that the way to greatness and enlightenment was through the study of the golden ages of the Greeks and Romans.
	www.mystudios.com /art/italian/italian.html (268 words)

	Italian Renaissance Art: Literary Background
		The ideal of Renaissance humanistic education was the production of the uomo universale, or "universal man." The universal man contained within himself knowledge and all the skills of the various arts, from grammar, rhetoric, and philosophy, to art, music, poetry, and architecture.
		Renaissance readers and audiences, however, seemed to be more inclined to understand poetry in terms of genres, conventions, and poetic skill.
		The Italian sonnetteers that followed Petrarch did not necessarily share his condemnation of love, but Petrarch had laid down a pattern for the poetry sequence: the exploration of the diversity and contradictions in human emotion and spirituality.
	www.uml.edu /Dept/History/arthistory/Italian_Renaissance/7.htm (1586 words)

	Italian Renaissance
		This course will teach you that the Italian Renaissance mosaic is incomplete without large pieces, such as the sack of Rome or the French invasions of 1494, and very small ones, for example, the dowry that a woman's family needed to provide so that she could be married.
		Renaissance cities hired mercenary armies to do their fighting for them, and mercenary captains fought not to lose soldiers, whom they considered to be investments.
		Renaissance techniques proved that the Donation of Constantine—through which the Emperor Constantine purportedly gave control of the Western Roman Empire to the Church—was a forgery, and that the only full-size equestrian bronze statue to survive from antiquity, long thought to be Constantine, was actually of Marcus Aurelius.
	www.teach12.com /ttc/Assets/courseDescriptions/3970.asp?pc=SiteIndex (2690 words)

	WebMuseum: La Renaissance: Italy
		Some scholars date the beginning of the Italian Renaissance from the appearance of Giotto di Bondone in the early 14th century; others regard his prodigious achievements in naturalistic art as an isolated phenomenon.
		Leonardo is considered the paragon of Renaissance thinkers, engaged as he was in experiments of all kinds and having brought to his art a spirit of restless inquiry that sought to discover the laws governing diverse natural phenomena.
		A major watershed in the development of Italian Renaissance art was the sack of Rome in 1527, which temporarily ended the city's role as a source of patronage and compelled artists to travel to other centers in Italy, France, and Spain.
	www.ibiblio.org /wm/paint/glo/renaissance/it.html (1276 words)

	Amazon.fr : Italian Renaissance Art: Livres en anglais: Laurie Schneider Adams (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This introductory text on Italian Renaissance art and the artists who made it by the author of "A History of Western Art" and "Art Across Time" focuses on the most important and innovative artists and their principal works.
		Italian Renaissance Art contains over 400 illustrations, of which 215 are in full color integrated with the text and large enough to be properly viewed.
		The text concludes with the High Renaissance and the transition to Mannerism with Michelangelo, Bramante, and Raphael in Rome,Leonardo in Milan and Titian in Venice..Throughout the text boxed asides contain descriptions of artistic media and techniques as well as discussions of background information necessary to the study of Renaissance art.
	www.amazon.fr /Italian-Renaissance-Laurie-Schneider-Adams/dp/0813336910 (924 words)

	renaissance
		Renaissance clergy patterned their behavior after the mores and ethics of lay society; yet Christianity remained a vital and essential element of Renaissance culture (Ackerman 124).
		The Renaissance was a time of intellectual ferment that laid the foundation for the thinkers and scientists of the 17th century, who were far more original than the Renaissance humanists (Ackerman 125).
		Renaissance sculptors of the Lowlands were much less innovative than painters, retaining a closer connection to Gothic art; architectural forms seemed to be unaffected by the Renaissance (Harbison 32).
	www.unc.edu /~wmoon/renaissance.html (1749 words)

	Italian Renaissance
		Although they subverted the political institutions of the communes, the signori (who became known as principi, with royal titles) were instrumental in advancing the cultural and civic life of Renaissance Italy.
		During the 14th and 15th centuries, Italian ideas and style influenced all of Europe.
		As the larger cities expanded into the surrounding countryside, absorbing many of the smaller cities, they involved themselves in the complex international politics of the age.
	www.arcaini.com /ITALY/ItalyHistory/ItalianRenaissance.htm (456 words)

	SparkNotes: Italian Renaissance (1330-1550): Context
		The Middle Ages, which lasted from the fall of Rome in the late fifth century until the fourteenth century, are (somewhat exaggeratedly and incorrectly) often referred to as the "Dark Ages," due to the relative lack of intellectual and economic progress made during this long period.
		The famous Renaissance historian Jacob Burkhardt argues in his essay, Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy, that the Renaissance was, as an historical event, the transition from medieval times, during which the focus of all life had been religion, to modern times, in which that focus expanded to include learning, rationality, and realism.
		Though the spirit of the Renaissance in Italy was crushed in the mid-sixteenth century, the ideas and ideals of Renaissance thinkers maintained their vibrancy, traveling over the alps to northern Europe where, following Italy's lead, learning, writing, and the arts experienced a great revival in support and importance.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/european/renaissance1/context.html (895 words)

	Exhibits Collection -- Renaissance
		"Renaissance," French for "rebirth," perfectly describes the intellectual and economic changes that occurred in Europe from the fourteenth through the sixteenth centuries.
		Also, and perhaps most importantly, the Renaissance was an age in which artistic, social, scientific, and political thought turned in new directions.
		Join us as we explore the Renaissance and discover the forces that drove this rebirth in Europe, and in Italy in particular.
	www.learner.org /exhibits/renaissance (145 words)

	Italian Renaissance, books
		Because location was such an important consideration in the design of Renaissance works of art, paintings and sculptures that are still in their original settings are indicated with a symbol.
		Childbirth in Renaissance Italy was encouraged, celebrated, and commemorated with a wide range of objects, from wooden bowls and maiolica wares to paintings, sculpture, clothing, and food.
		Full-color photographs enhance an account of the artistic achievements of the Italian Renaissance and of the often tumultuous lives of the artists and their aristocratic patrons.
	www.leterrae.com /renaissance.htm (2504 words)

	Mark Harden's Artchive: "Renaissance"
		The concept enshrined in the word 'Renaissance' is actually one of rebirth rather than revival and carries with it the loaded, and absolutely discredited, argument that the Middle Ages was a dead period intellectually and artistically.
		Thus, the beginnings of Renaissance art in Italy should be recognizable by seeking out not only those artists who adopted motifs or borrowed models from antiquity, but also those who sought to represent the human figure and the material world more naturalistically than had their predecessors.
		It was not until this period that Italian Renaissance ideals began to spread in a significant way north of the Alps, Durer being the first northern artist to fully assimilate the ideals of the Renaissance into his work.
	www.artchive.com /artchive/renaissance.html (970 words)

	Italian Renaissance Art
		Renaissance means "rebirth," and is derived from the latin word Renasceri, which means "to be born again." The Italian Renaissance lasted from 1400 to 1600 and was a time of renewal of society.
		Raphael Santi was an Italian Renaissance painter who was born on April 6, 1483 in the city of Urbino.
		He is often compared to other Renaissance painters, like Michelangelo and Leonardo, concerning their work and abilities.
	www.mc.edu /campus/users/busbea/fall99/renaissance/renaissance.html (456 words)

	Master Of The Italian Renaissance
		Perugino (c1450-1523), considered one of the most distinguished painters of the Italian Renaissance, provided the foundation for the aesthetic developments of the High Renaissance, especially the art of Raphael.
		Highlighting "Perugino: Master of the Italian Renaissance" is the unprecedented loan of nine works from the Galleria Nazionale dell' Umbria in Perugia, Italy, the largest repository of works by Perugino in the world.
		Perugino's influence on Quattrocentro painting is evident in the commentaries of Giorgio Vasari, Renaissance painter and the first historian of Italian art.
	antiquesandthearts.com /archive/peru.htm (773 words)

	Italian Renaissance
		Painting in the Renaissance began with a somewhat simple and austere style in the 1300's, similar to the Greek Archaic style.
		Duccio and Giotto serve as examples of the transition from the artistic style of the Middle Ages to the Renaissance.
		During the Renaissance, artists generally sought to bring a classical balance to their work, but around the middle of the 16th century, a style called the "grand manner", by the Italian writer Vasari, became popular.
	www.educonnect.com /KeyArt/rensum.htm (598 words)

	WebMuseum: The Italian Renaissance (1420-1600) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In the arts and sciences as well as society and government, Italy was the major catalyst for progress during the Renaissance: the rich period of development that occurred in Europe at the end of the Middle Ages.
		As Gothic painting had been shaped by the feudal societies of the Middle Ages, with its roots in the Romanesque and Byzantine traditions, Renaissance art was born out of a new, rapidly evolving civilization.
		The Renaissance in Italy started gradually, its beginnings being apparent even in Giotto's work, a century before Masaccio was active.
	www.ibiblio.org /wm/paint/tl/it-ren (218 words)

	An Italian Renaissance Townhouse
		Scattered throughout Beverly/Morgan Park are many residences designed in the Italian Renaissance style of the early 20th Century.
		They range in size from the yellow-brick foursquares with green tile roofs commonly found throughout the neighborhoods to the landmark villa now used as the residence of the president of Chicago State University on Longwood Dr. Among the most unusual is the townhouse-like example at 9229 S. Damen Ave., Chicago.
		Although the Italian Renaissance style reached the height of its popularity in the 1920s, this house manages to look forward to the simplified residential designs of the 1930s, with its elemental massing and muted exterior decoration.
	www.ridgehistoricalsociety.org /wolff/10-99wolff.html (578 words)

	Italian Renaissance Masters
		The exhibition Italian Renaissance Masters, presented in conjunction with Milwaukee's Fourth Annual International Arts Festival, showcases the Italian art of the late fourteenth through sixteenth centuries.
		Changes in the types and function of Renaissance art are well represented in individual sacred and profane works in the exhibition.
		In particular, the rich and varied Italian Renaissance portraits in the exhibition reflect the growing awareness and expression of individualism characteristic of the Renaissance period.
	www.marquette.edu /haggerty/exhibitions/current/it01.html (562 words)

	Renaissance
		Italy is often called the birthplace of the Renaissance.
		Discuss how many of the subjects of Renaissance paintings were religious, portraits or showed historical battles.
		Donatello was an Italian sculptor, a major innovator in RENAISSANCE art.
	members.aol.com /TWard64340/Renaissance.htm (912 words)

	Italian Renaissance
		This short waisted Italian style gown features a piping trimmed neckline.
		The bodice and softly gathered sleeves are made from patterned velvet embellished with crossing lines of gold embroidery.
		The model is wearing the gown over a renaissance style corset, but the corset is optional for this style dress.
	www.skyridgedesigns.com /renaissance/id3.html (108 words)

	Amazon.com: The Italian Renaissance: Books: J.H. Plumb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A highly readable and engaging volume, THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE is a perfect introduction to the movement that shaped the Western world.
		Or, here is an example of how Renaissance confronted dogmatism and obsession with getting at truth by deductive reasoning: "The old dogmatic certainties did not vanish at once, and the habit of trying to nail truth down by argument from fundamental principles was not lightly cast aside.
		Renaissance was strange, cruel, and full of life and culture.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0618127380?v=glance (1414 words)

	The Early Renaissance: Artists and their Works
		The Renaissance was a period of great creative and intellectual activity, during which artists broke away from the restrictions of Byzantine Art.
		During this period there was a related advancement of Gothic Art centered in Germany and the Netherlands, known as the Northern Renaissance.
		The Early Renaissance was succeeded by the mature High Renaissance period, which began circa 1500.
	www.artcyclopedia.com /history/early-renaissance.html (119 words)

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