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Topic: Italian Social Democratic Party

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	Italy POLITICAL PARTIES
		The Radical Party (Partito Radicale) was active on social issues in Italy, having sponsored the 1974 referendum on divorce; in 1983, it won 11 seats in the Chamber, and in 1987, 13 seats.
		Other parties have included, on the extreme right, the Italian Social Movement (Movimento Sociale Italiano—MSI), which elected 42 deputies in 1983 and 35 in 1987, and, on the far left, the Proletarian Democracy (Democrazia Proletaria—DP), which elected seven deputies in 1983 and eight in 1987.
		The objectives of the alliance were to isolate the PCI by drawing the PSI closer to the center parties and to undercut the Communists' popularity by legislating needed social and economic reforms.
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /Europe/Italy-POLITICAL-PARTIES.html (988 words)

	Social democracy information information - Search.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Democratic socialism arguably forms a distinct current of thought from social democracy, in that self-described democratic socialists still see themselves as working towards the establishment of a socialist society with a socialist economic system.
		The Italian Social Democratic Party in fact, was founded in 1947 and from 1948 the positio of the party was in the "centerist alliance".
		Social democrats usually retort by arguing that their policies are in fact enhancing individual rights, by raising the standard of living of the vast majority of the population and eliminating the threat of extreme poverty.
	c10-ss-1-lb.cnet.com /reference/Social_democracy (2722 words)

	Social Democratic Party - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Social Democratic Party (SDP), United Kingdom political party avowing social democracy, prominent during the 1980s.
		Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), Northern Ireland political party, established in 1970 to represent moderate opinion by members of the...
		Disillusioned by the leftward drift of the Labour Party, that saw its 1983 election manifesto call for withdrawal from the European Economic...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Social_Democratic_Party.html (140 words)

	The Italian Communist Party: Social Democrats or Trojan Horse?
		The Party's policy toward Fascism changed diametrically twice during Mussolini's dictatorship, and always in response to the Moscow Party line, which in turn was based on what was deemed to be the most ex pedient means of gaining power for the Communists, not on what was necessary to destroy Fascism or restore a free society.
		Under democratic centralism, the lower-level members of the Party debate and discuss the positions to be adopted by the higher echelons, which in turn debate, discuss, and adopt a Party line.
		For a political party, the test should consist of whether it has genuinely democratized its internal structure (i.e., discarded "democratic centralism whether its financing is open to the public and in dependent of foreign sources, and whether its ideology, statements and performance are irrevocably rooted in time-tested concepts of Western political pluralism.
	www.heritage.org /Research/Europe/bg50.cfm (4827 words)

	Social democracy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Social democracy is often distinguished from democratic socialism on the basis that most social democrats would be content with a society that combined elements of capitalism and socialism, while democratic socialists still have the objective of establishing, by democratic means, a wholly socialist society with a socialist economic system.
		Social democracy encourages large government budget deficits (social democrats reply that conservative administrations in the United States and Britain have also been responsible for large deficits, but this criticism is held to be a tu quoque and logically fallacious).
		Social democrats reply that their policies in fact enhance individual rights by raising the standard of living of the great majority of the population, increasing social mobility, and eliminating the threat of extreme poverty.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Social_democrat (2723 words)

	90 years of the Communist Manifesto
		For revolutionary parties in backward countries of Asia, Latin America, and Africa, a clear understanding of the organic connection between the democratic revolution and the dictatorship of the proletariat - and thereby, the international socialist revolution - is a life-and-death question.
		The movements and parties listed in the Manifesto were so drastically swept away either by the revolution of 1848 or by the ensuing counter-revolution that one must look up even their names in a historical dictionary.
		The bourgeois degeneration of the Social Democracy and the fascist degeneration of the petty bourgeoisie are interlinked as cause and effect.
	www.marxist.com /150years/trotskyintro.html (3077 words)

	American Experience \| Emma Goldman \| Mother Earth Magazine \| PBS
		"We, the Social Democrats, declare that we have not the least responsibility for the misdeeds of the governments, and we hereby announce that we do not want to become participants in the manslaughter of war.
		Even the attitude of the Russian Social Democracy was more courageous than that of the Germans: the representatives protested against the war, and left the assembly hall.
		A party so powerful as the German Social Democracy, with four and one-half million votes, knew nothing better to do than to offer voluntarily its services to the government, without having the least influence upon the situation.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/goldman/sfeature/sf_motherearth_txt_16.html (352 words)

	The Mahablog » Democratic Party
		Party leaders have decided that less government, lower taxes, and a strong military is what they stand for and what they run on.
		There is no clear consensus within the Democratic Party on how to address fundamental policy matters such as the role of government, the ideal level of taxation, and the proper direction for our foreign policy, not to mention how to approach hot-button social issues such as abortion and gay rights.
		Instead, a Democratic victory is an instrument — an indispensable weapon — in battling the growing excesses and profound abuses and indescribably destructive behavior of the Bush administration and their increasingly authoritarian followers.
	www.mahablog.com /category/democratic-party (7876 words)

	Italian Socialist Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Italian Socialist Party (Partito Socialista Italiano, PSI) was originally a socialist and later a social democratic political party founded in Genoa in 1892.
		In 1963 a coalition was formed with the Italian Socialist Democratic Party (PSDI), called the Unified Socialist Party (PSU); this, however, was disbanded after the dismaying result at the 1968 elections, in which PSU took far less than what the two parties had obtained separatedly in 1963.
		Its more direct successor is the Socialist Party New PSI, founded by Gianni De Michelis (former socialist and currupt figure in Tangentopoli), Claudio Martelli (the dauphin of Bettino Craxi, and former currupt figure in Tangentopoli), and by the son of Bettino Craxi, Bobo Craxi.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Italian_Socialist_Party (1679 words)

	Background Notes: Italy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Modern Italian history dates from 1870, with the unification of the entire peninsula under King Victor Emmanuel II of the House of Savoy.
		The Radical Party has formally adopted the name "European Federalists." The party secretaryship is held for a 6-month period by various members of the party leadership.
		Italians are by far Europe's largest savers, and they are now enjoying their newly acquired wealth.
	gopher.state.gov /ERC/bgnotes/eur/italy9010.html (3177 words)

	Wikinfo \| Socialist International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Its members include The Labour Party (United Kingdom), SPD (Germany), the Democratic Socialists of America (USA), the Australian Labor Party, and New Democratic Party (Canada).
		In the 1980s, most SI parties gave their backing to the Nicaraguan Sandinistas (FSLN), whose leftwing government had incited enmity from the United States.
		The Party of European Socialists, a party active in the European Parliament, is an associated organization of the Socialist International.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Socialist_International (565 words)

	Germany: Social Democratic Party loses another chairman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The last social democratic Chancellor, Helmut Schmidt, had antagonised broad sections of the SPD’s constituency and membership through a programme of economic austerity measures and by approving the stationing of medium-range atomic missiles on German soil, paving the way for the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) under Helmut Kohl.
		As vice-chancellor and minister for labour, he is personally responsible for all the social barbarities of the new government, such as raising the pension age to 67 and implementing further benefit cuts.
		This is a clear indication that for Beck, the Christian Democrats and FDP remain the preferential coalition partners.
	www.wsws.org /articles/2006/apr2006/spd-a17.shtml (1858 words)

	Swiss Social Democratic Women (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Swiss Social Democratic Women have as well their representatives within the bodies of the party: in the Managing Committee, the Assembly of Delegates as well as the Congress of the party.
		Over the years, the women within the party have extended their influence and made a lot of the women's demands those of the party.
		Still, the Swiss Social Democratic Women's position is not always the same as the party's, e.g.
	www.sp-frauen.ch /e (237 words)

	Strike One to Educate One Hundred - Chapter Two
		Italian communists of three successive generations, in 1920, 1943, and in the 1960's, had fought their government and the Fascists.
		Throughout 1968, the Italian student movement was deeply affected by and increasingly saw itself as part of this growing world-wide youth revolt against imperialism.
		Italian Communist Party (PCI) members of parliament protested verbally against the repression of the student movement, while at the same time PCI senators kept their political distance from the student movement by abstaining on a key senate vote on a university reform bill.
	www.kersplebedeb.com /mystuff/italy/strike_one_2.html (7094 words)

	Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Saragat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In 1922 he joined the United Socialist Party and in 1925 he became a member of the Party Executive.
		He returned to Italy in 1943 where he was arrested, but managed to escape and resume his underground activities in the Italian Socialist Party for Proletarian Unity, which elected him as a member of the Executive.
		In January 1947 he founded the Italian Workers' Socialist Party (subsequently becoming the Italian Social Democratic Party) and served as its Political Secretary, and while in this post he was appointed Party President until the mid-Seventies, except for the period when he held institutional or governmental offices.
	www.esteri.it /eng/2_14_159.asp (238 words)

	Tasks of the Left Zimmerwaldists
		The Social-Democratic Party's main task must be a revolutionary, not reformist, struggle against this calamity: systematic and persistent propaganda and preparation for such a struggle, undeterred by inevitable temporary difficulties and set-backs.
		The Social-Democratic Party of Switzerland is in a particularly favourable position to keep in touch with developments in the labour movement in the advanced European countries and unite its revolutionary elements.
		This is the background to Liebknecht's letter: In August 1914, Liebknecht asked the party Executive to arrange a number of anti-war rallies and issue a manifesto in the name of the Reichstag group urging all party members to oppose the war.
	www.marx2mao.com /Lenin/TLZ16.html (3579 words)

	The Ultimate Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany Dog Breeds Information Guide and Reference
		The Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (Unabhängige Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, or USPD) was a short-lived political party in Germany during the Second Reich and the Weimar Republic.
		To be able to continue their parliamentary work, the group formed the Sozialdemokratische Arbeitsgemeinschaft (SAG, "Social Democratic Working Group"); concerns from the SPD leadership and Friedrich Ebert that the SAG was intent on dividing the SPD then led to the expulsion of the SAG members from the SPD on January 18 1917.
		Ultimately, the proposition to join the Komintern was approved at a party convention in Halle in October 1920, but the USPD split up in the process, with both groups seeing themselves as the rightful USPD and the other one as being outcast.
	www.dogluvers.com /dog_breeds/USPD (340 words)

	Lenin: Conference of the British Social-Democratic Party
		Many European socialist parties have taken advantage of the Easter holidays (April 16, N. S.) to hold their conferences: the French, Belgian, Dutch (its opportunist section), the British Social-Democratic Party, and the British Independent Labour Party.
		The 31st Annual Conference of the British Social-Democratic Party (S.D.P.) was held in Coventry.
		Some members of the Social-Democratic Party have voiced a most emphatic protest against chauvinism in their ranks; there has emerged a very strong minority ready to wage a serious struggle.
	marxists.org /archive/lenin/works/1911/apr/16b.htm (1526 words)

	Social Democratic and Labour Party - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Social Democratic and Labour Party - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		They were met by an upsurge of terrorist acts.
		Throughout the 1980s, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) was the dominant legal political party in the USSR.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Social_Democratic_and_Labour_Party.html (145 words)

	SD Website
		SD, USA is the successor to the Socialist Party, USA, the party of Eugene Debs, Norman Thomas and Bayard Rustin and is a member of the Socialist International
		"THE NEW SOCIAL DEMOCRATS" is a statement prepared in May 2003 by a sub-committee of the National Committee of Social Democrats, USA, for use in discussion to prepare for the adoption of resolutions and an action program at a meeting to be held in the late Fall or Winter of 2003.
		The Socialist International is the worldwide organization of social democratic, socialist and labor parties.
	www.socialdemocrats.org (412 words)

	EU: Political Parties
		Austrian Social Democratic Party (Aus-7); Socialist Party (Flemish.
		Green Party (Grn-2); Plaid Cymru (Grn-2); Scottish National Party (Grn-2); Labour Party (Soc-29); Social Democratic and Labour Party (Soc-1); Liberal Democratic Party (Lib-10); Conservative Party (Consv-36); Ulster Unionist Party (Consv-1); Democratic Unionist Party (Rt-1, NA); United Kingdom Independence Party (ES-3.
		French Communist Party (Com-4); Independent (Com-2); Workers Fight (Com-3); Revolutionary Communist League (Com-2); Greens (Grn-9); Socialist Party (Soc-18); Citizens Movement (Soc-2); Radical Party of the Left (Soc-2); Rally for the Republic (Consv-12); Union for French Democracy (Consv-9); Rally for France and the Independence of Europe (ES-12.
	www.gis.net /~pldr/EUPP.html (495 words)

	Olive Tree - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Olive Tree (Italian: l'Ulivo) is a political denomination strongly related to Third Way policies in Italy and commonly adopted by center-to-left alliances of parties from 1996 to now.
		The Olive Tree - together for Italy (Italian: l'Ulivo - insieme per l'Italia) was a coalition of left-wing and centrist political parties in Italy.
		It comprises the Federation of the Olive Tree (4 parties) and all the left and centre parties allied with it (from Greens to Communists).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Olive_Tree (557 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Already as an adolescent Mussolini had joined the revolutionary or syndicalist section of the Italian Social Democratic Party, helping to establish unions and foment strikes.
		When World War I began, Mussolini revealed his opportunism by supporting Italian participation on the Allied side in order that the country might secure its “unredeemed” lands in the Tyrol and along the Adriatic.
		It is blood that moves the wheels of history.” This stance led to Mussolini’s expulsion from the Socialist Party.
	ebookpreview.abc-clio.com /ebooks/1851094253/pg_826.asp (697 words)

	Italian Democratic Socialists - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Italian Democratic Socialists (Italian: Socialisti Democratici Italiani), or SDI, is a small social democratic party of moderate-left policies, heir of the old Italian Socialist Party, Italian Democratic Socialist Party and of Italian Socialists, led by Enrico Boselli.
		The SDI is no longer part of the Olive Tree coalition, as it decided to found a joint socialist and libertarian list named Rose in the Fist together with the Italian Radicals.
		The list will be present in the 2006 general election to be held on April 9 and 10, 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Italian_Democratic_Socialists (213 words)

	TIME.com: The Big Scrub -- Feb. 22, 1993 -- Page 1
		An informant told investigators that Arnaldo Forlani, an ex-Prime Minister and former head of the Christian Democrat Party, had conspired with Craxi to split payoffs for government contracts.
		And members of the Italian Social Democratic Party are suspected of accepting illegal contributions.
		Italian newspaper headlines are flatly proclaiming the end of the First Republic, as Italy's postwar democracy is known.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,977800,00.html (480 words)

	So What! » La Rosa nel Pugno
		The Italian Radicals (Radicali Italiani), one of the most libertarian parties in Europe – describing themselves as “a liberal, liberista and libertarian” political movement (wikipedia), established in 2005 an alliance with the Italian social-democratic party ‘Socialisti Democratici Italiani’ under the name La Rosa nel Pugno (Rose in the Fist).
		The Rose in the Fist, which adopts the symbol of the Socialist International that we Radicals bought from Mitterrand in 1972, was launched in September 2005 and, with very limited financial resources, was able to bring together the Italian political traditions of the radicals, socialists, liberals.
		It is about time that liberals cut their ties with the conservative parties and social democrats disassociated themselves from their Marxist mutations.
	blogs.hiveworks.com /ges/archives/2006/04/15/167 (234 words)

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