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Topic: Italian Socialist Party

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	Italian Socialist Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		For the majority of its existence, it was overshadowed by the larger left-wing party, the Italian Communist Party.
		As one former socialist Rino Formica stated, 'the convent is poor but the friars are rich,' metaphorically symbolizing the richness of the leaders of a party which complained of its enormous debt.
		Its more direct successor is the Socialist Party New PSI, founded by Gianni De Michelis (former socialist and currupt figure in Tangentopoli), Claudio Martelli (the dauphin of Bettino Craxi, and former currupt figure in Tangentopoli), and by the son of Bettino Craxi, Vittorio Craxi.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Italian_Socialist_Party (1525 words)

	Italian Democratic Socialist Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Italian Democratic Socialist Party was founded in 1952 by the union of two parties: the United Socialist Party and the Workers' Socialist Party.
		Both of them broke away from the Italian Socialist Party in 1947 and 1949, due to the communist tendencies of the latter.
		The party was involved in the corruption scandals known collectively as Tangentopoli, and finally disbanded in 1998.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Italian_Democratic_Socialist_Party (228 words)

	Italy - Political Flags (Part 3) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Italian Socialist Party (PSI - Partito Socialista Italiano)
		Lista Dini ) - "Rinnovamento Italiano" is one of the "one-man band" parties emerging in Italy in the 1990ies.
		Italian Socialist Party (PSI) in 1947, reunited with the PSI 1966-1969, was refounded in 1969, and merged with the major faction of the former PSI to form the SDI (Socialisti Democratici Italiani) in 1998.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/it-poli3.html (1970 words)

	NomadNet:The Italian Connection: How Rome Helped Ruin Somalia
		Throughout the 1980s, Italian politicians and businessmen used the country, once a colony of Italy's, as a playground for huge construction projects that either did little to help the local population or actually disrupted and damaged Somalian society.
		The Italians even established a University of Somalia -- despite the fact that 98 percent of the population is illiterate.
		The tragedy of Italian involvement in Somalia, according to Rutelli and others, is that Italy was in a position thoughout the 1980s to put enormous pressure on Siad Barre and force him to change his ways.
	www.netnomad.com /italy.html (1719 words)

	Election Resources on the Internet: Elections to the Italian Parliament
		The Italian proportional representation system produced highly fragmented legislatures, and short-lived, unstable coalition governments: from 1945 to 1993 there were a total of fifty-two governments, which on average lasted less than a year in office.
		Seventy-seven percent of the Italian electorate took part in the vote, in which a proposal to repeal the sixty-five percent constituency threshold for Senate elections was overwhelmingly approved, with 82.7% of the valid vote.
		Chamber seats awarded to a coalition are in turn proportionally allocated among constituent parties that have obtained at least two percent of the vote; however, this requirement is waived for the coalition party with the largest number of votes among those polling fewer than two percent.
	electionresources.org /it (3180 words)

	Mussolini - MSN Encarta
		Meanwhile, his impatience with democratic procedure and his indifference to the harsh day-to-day experience of the poor distanced him from the traditional Italian socialist tenets of majority rule and humanitarianism.
		Most socialists, including Mussolini at the time, wanted the country to remain neutral on the grounds that the war was imperialistic and contrary to workers’ interests.
		When the socialists learned that the newspaper was financed by the French, who wanted Italy to enter the war, and by industrialists, who wanted to split the socialist movement, they expelled him from the Italian Socialist Party.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761553773/Benito_Mussolini.html (726 words)

	Socialist Labor Party Hall
		Located in the former Italian section of Barre, the Socialist Labor Party Hall is a two story flat-roofed brick structure with a gambrel-roofed single story rear hall.
		It is associated with Barre's rich ethnic heritage, specifically the vital Italian community that immigrated to Barre at the end of the 19th century.
		The building was constructed in 1900 by volunteers of the Italian community as a meeting hall for the Socialist Labor Party, a political group dedicated to social and labor reform.
	www.cr.nps.gov /nr/travel/centralvermont/cv26.htm (504 words)

	Italy - Political Flags (Part 5)
		Furthermore, followers of the party use flags with a Celtic cross, either with white cross on fl or with fl cross on a white disk on a red field.
		NPSI or Nuovo PSI ("Nuovo Partito Socialista Italiano" = New Italian Socialist Party <
		The leader of that party is the Italian vice-prime minister and some ministers of the Italian Government are members of Northern League.
	flagspot.net /flags/it-poli5.html (1218 words)

	ZIONISM AND ITALIAN FASCISM, 1922-1933
		As a revolutionary, Mussolini had always worked with Jews in the Italian Socialist Party, and it was not until he abandoned the left that he first began to echo the anti-Semitic ideas of the northern European right-wing.
		Weizmann's autobiography is deliberately vague, and often misleading, on his relations with the Italian, but fortunately it is possible to learn something of the meeting from the report given at the time to the British Embassy in Rome.
		Italian policy toward Zionism only changed in the mid-1920s, when their consuls in Palestine concluded that Zionism was there to stay and that Britain would only leave the country if and when the Zionists got their own state.
	www.codoh.com /zionweb/zizad/zizad4.html (2177 words)

	[No title]
		He guided the party along an "Italian way to socialism," and as editor of "Rinascita" was an active participant in the major cultural debates of the period.
		Under capitalism culture suffers from what we might call an "insufficiency of political awareness," and in socialist countries from what we might call "political saturation." The former exposes culture's flank to the danger of political reaction, the latter exposes it to the by no means lesser danger of automatism (or stock responses).
		Italian patriot and revolutionary, and the major exponent of a Republican Italy during the Risorgimento.
	www.uga.edu /~italian/novecento/242.htm (1436 words)

	History of ITALY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		But in October 1914 he is expelled from the party when he abandons the policy of neutrality and advocates joining the war on the side of France and Britain.
		Their violence at this stage is mainly directed against socialists of all kinds (communists and democratic socialists are tarred with the same brush).
		Whichever party wins the greatest number of votes in an election (something which he is confident the flshirts can achieve for him) is now automatically to receive two thirds of the seats in the parliament.
	www.historyworld.net /wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?groupid=3432&HistoryID=ac52 (3299 words)

	Foreign Affairs - A Second Italian Republic? - Angelo M. Codevilla
		Approved by 95.6 percent, against the strenuous opposition of the country’s political establishment, the referendum was the equivalent of a small hole in an earthen dam: it allowed the near unanimous outpouring of the Italian people’s pent?up sentiments against the political parties that have ruled the country in a kind of oligopoly since 1944.
		The parties’ oligopoly actually began in 1919 when parliament scrapped the traditional single?member?district electoral system (such as exists in the United States and France) and instituted proportional representation.
		They specified that only parties, not individuals, could take part in the election of deputies to the constituent assembly that would draw up the new constitution, and that only the national directors of each party could approve candidacies.
	www.foreignaffairs.org /19920601faessay5885/angelo-m-codevilla/a-second-italian-republic.html?mode=print (605 words)

	Introduction to the theses of the Abstentionist Communist Faction of the PSI
		This faction, to which we trace the origins of our party today, was to split from the Socialist Party in January 1921 to form the Communist Party of Italy.
		This party was born approximately six months later, on January 21st, 1921, on the basis of the same principles formulated in the document we are translating here.
		The Italian text is found in In difesa della continuita del programma comunista, the French translation in Défense de la continuité du programme communiste.
	www.sinistra.net /lib/upt/compro/lipu/lipuhcabie.html (1545 words)

	On the Struggle of the Italian Socialist Party (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Italian Socialist Party, carried a reprint of this letter with comments of its own, which are worth examining since they strikingly reveal the fallacy of the stand taken by Comrade Serrati, editor of
		The resolution emphasises “the need to preserve the unity of the Italian Socialist Party on the basis of the twenty-one points”; individual breaches of discipline are to be sternly punished by the Central Committee of the Party.
		On the eve of the proletarian revolution, the liberation, the freedom, of the parties of the revolutionary proletariat from opportunists and “Centrists”, from their influence, their prejudices, their weaknesses and vacillations, is the main and essential condition of success.
	www.marxists.org /archive/lenin/works/1920/nov/04.htm (4763 words)

	Lenin: Greetings to the Italian Socialist Party Congress (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		[44] The Italian Socialist Party was founded in 1892 and from the very start became the scene of a sharp struggle on all basic political and tactical issues between the opportunist and revolutionary forces.
		The Italian socialists held a joint conference with the Swiss socialists in Lugano (1914), took an active part in the international socialist conferences at Zimmerwald (1915) and Kienthal (1916).
		In compliance with Party policy, they refused to vote for war credits, exposed the imperialist and anti-popular nature of the war, brought the true facts to the knowledge of the workers and roused them to struggle against tsarism, the bourgeoisie and the landlords.
	www.marxists.org /archive/lenin/works/1916/oct/15.htm (1600 words)

	ISN Security Watch - Italian government in crisis
		Italian President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi was expected to accept the partyâs withdrawal from the government and the resignation of the deputy prime minister and 11 other officials on Monday.
		On Friday, two of the coalitionâs five parties - the UDC and the New Italian Socialist Party - refused to sign a new coalition pact.
		On Sunday, Italian media speculated on Sunday that the development could give Berlusconi an opportunity to resign and then immediately form a new government in an attempt to strengthen the weakened coalition.
	www.isn.ethz.ch /news/sw/details.cfm?id=11124 (392 words)

	Fredsakademiet: Freds- og sikkerhedspolitisk Leksion B 151 : Basso, Lelio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		After July 25th the movement joined with the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) to form the PSIUP, with Basso as one of the leading figures.
		In 1950 he was not re-elected to the leading ranks due to his opposing views on the Stalinist leanings of the party at the time.
		Basso was one of the leaders of the new party, and was its President from 1965 to 1968, when Warsaw Pact troops entered Czechoslovakia.
	www.fredsakademiet.dk /ordbog/bord/b151.htm (820 words)

	An Introduction to Gramsci's Life and Thought (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It was at this time, as the war dragged on and as Italian intervention became a bloody reality, Gramsci assumed a somewhat ambivalent stance, although his basic position was that the Italian socialists should use intervention as an occasion to turn Italian national sentiment in a revolutionary rather than a chauvinist direction.
		He was among the most prescient representatives of the Italian Left at the inception of the fascist movement, and on several occasions predicted that unless unified action were taken against the rise of Mussolini’s movement, Italian democracy and Italian socialism would both suffer a disastrous defeat.
		They were marked in particular by the year and a half he lived in Moscow as an Italian delegate to the Communist International (May 1922- November 1923), his election to the Chamber of Deputies in April 1924, and his assumption of the position of general secretary of the PCI.
	www.italnet.nd.edu /gramsci/about_gramsci/biograpy.html (1358 words)

	Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Saragat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In 1922 he joined the United Socialist Party and in 1925 he became a member of the Party Executive.
		He returned to Italy in 1943 where he was arrested, but managed to escape and resume his underground activities in the Italian Socialist Party for Proletarian Unity, which elected him as a member of the Executive.
		In January 1947 he founded the Italian Workers' Socialist Party (subsequently becoming the Italian Social Democratic Party) and served as its Political Secretary, and while in this post he was appointed Party President until the mid-Seventies, except for the period when he held institutional or governmental offices.
	www.esteri.it /eng/2_14_159.asp (238 words)

	Antonio Gramsci
		He joined the Italian Socialist Party in 1914 and inspired by the Bolshevik Revolution he took an active part in the workers' occupation of factories in 1918.
		Gramsci was disillusioned by the unwillingness of the Italian Socialist Party to advocate revolutionary struggle.
		Socialist revolutionaries cannot be Jacobins: in Russia at the moment all they have to do is ensure that the bourgeois organs (the duma, the zemstvasy do not indulge in Jacobinism, in order to secure an ambiguous response from universal suffrage and turn violence to their own ends.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /2WWgramsci.htm (934 words)

	Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Nenni (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In 1921 he joined the Socialist Party and from 1923 to 1925 was the editor of the Socialist paper “Avanti!”;.
		In 1926 he was forced to emigrate to France where he became the Secretary of the Italian Socialist Party.
		After being liberated on 5 August 1943, he returned to Rome to lead the Italian Socialist Party which had been reunified as the Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity.
	www.esteri.it /eng/2_14_153.asp (257 words)

	Turati (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Filippo Turati, born Canzo, November 25, 1857; died, Paris, March 29, 1932, was the dean of the Italian socialist parliamentary delegation during the war.
		Educated as a lawyer and involved in the Italian literary scene, Turati had turned to politics in the 1880s and became the chief force behind the founding of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) in 1892.
		In effect, this allowed pro-war Socialists to support the military effort -- future Communist leader Palmiro Togliatti enlisted in the Army -- while the party maintained its anti-war integrity and participated actively in the Zimmerwald Conference of anti-war Socialists and other similar events.
	www.lib.byu.edu /~rdh/wwi/bio/t/turati.htm (544 words)

	Printable Version on Encyclopedia.com
		Craxi joined the Italian Socialist party in 1957, eventually becoming deputy secretary (1970) and general secretary (1976).
		He cracked down on organized crime, tightened the national budget to cut inflation, and signed a concordat with the Vatican ending Roman Catholicism's status as the state religion.
		In 1993 he was charged with corruption and resigned as Socialist party leader.
	www.encyclopedia.com /printable.aspx?id=1E1:Craxi-Be (109 words)

	Italian Government in Danger of Collapse
		Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi is in trouble after two small parties withdrew their support from the governing center-right coalition.
		The centrist UDC party, which has four ministers in government, was the first to decide to withdraw its support from the center-right government.
		Following the withdrawal of the two parties, the center-left opposition said Italy is facing a political crisis and Mr.
	www.voanews.com /english/2005-04-15-voa30.cfm (384 words)

	Position and Tasks of the Socialist International
		It is the duty of every socialist to conduct propaganda of the class struggle, in the army as well; work directed towards turning a war of the nations into civil war is the only socialist activity in the era of an imperialist armed conflict of the bourgeoisie of all nations.
		The Party included members of the "new trade unions" and a number of the old trade unions, representatives of the professions and the petty bourgeoisie, who were under Fabian influence.
		The Italian Socialists met in a joint conference with the Swiss Socialists at Lugano (1914) and took an active part in the international socialist conferences in Zimmerwald (1915) and Kienthal (1916).
	www.marx2mao.com /Lenin/PTSI14.html (2541 words)

	"F" Debs Abstracts: Indiana State University Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Mentions that the leaders of the Italian Socialist Party are in session discussing the situation.
		Informs EVD that the Italian Socialist Party is divided between compromising with the employers and the government and starting an "out and out revolution." Tells EVD that the workers tend to be in favor of revolution.
		Says that the Church of the Social Revolution is a "bona fide Socialist Church" and that the "organization is not an aggregation of Utopian or reactionary Socialists." Includes a copy of a letter from EVD dated 7/8/14 which says that he would be happy to speak for Bouck White at the Hippodrome.
	odin.indstate.edu /level1.dir/cml/rbsc/debs/ab_f.html (4294 words)

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