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Topic: Italian Tenth Army

	Doughboys in Italy
		The 332nd Infantry Regiment, 83rd Division, with attached medical and supply units, was sent to the Italian front in July 1918 in response to urgent requests from the Italian Government.
		Its principal missions were to build up Italian morale and to depress that of the enemy by creating the impression that a large force of Americans had reached that front and was preparing to enter the battle line and to take an active part in the fighting.
		It joined in the pursuit of the fleeing Austrians on October 29th as part of the British XIV Corps of the Italian Tenth Army; the American regiment forming the advance guard of the corps.
	www.worldwar1.com /itafront/dbsitaly.htm (560 words)

	The Roman Army (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		All in all the Roman army consisted of 18 centuries of equites, 82 centuries of the first class (of which 2 centuries were engineers), 20 centuries each of the second, third and fourth classes and 32 centuries of the fifth class (of which 2 centuries were trumpeters).
		The army as operated from the time of Augustus can generally be referred to as the 'classic' legion, the armed body of men which most imagine in their minds upon hearing the word 'legion'.
		If the Roman army had throughout most of the third and fourth century been undergoing a transition, gradually increasing the number of cavalry, then the end of this period of gradual change was brought about by a dreadful disaster.
	www.roman-empire.net /army/army.html (13499 words)

	ipedia.com: Military history of Britain during World War II Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		On September 13, 1940, the Italian Tenth Army crossed the border from the Italian colony of Libya into Egypt, where British troops were stationed to protect the Suez Canal.
		The Italian decision to halt the advance is generally credited to them being unaware of the British strength, and the activity of Royal Navy forces operating in the Mediterranean to interfere with Italian supply lines.
		The new commander of the Eighth Army, Lieutenant General Sir Bernard Montgomery, had the opportunity to conclusively defeat the Panzerarmee Afrika under Erwin Rommel, since Rommel was at the end of enormously stretched supply lines, the British were close to their supply bases, and Rommel was about to be attacked from the rear by Torch.
	www.ipedia.com /military_history_of_britain_during_world_war_ii.html (13340 words)

	The Roman Army Page
		The army of the empire - the principate.
		Italian levies however remained the most usual source for newly raised legions, although several units were formed using marines or legionaries detached from existing formations.
		In the imperial army the total numerical strength of the various auxiliary formations was roughly comparable to that of the legionary troops.
	members.tripod.com /~S_van_Dorst/legio.html (4085 words)

	Wargames Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This scenario attempts to recreate the last, chaotic attempt by the Italians army to break through the Commonwealth troops that had effectively created a roadblock that was barring their route to freedom.
		Set-up: Due to the confused nature of the Italian Tenth Army at this stage of the campaign there is no co-ordination of the attempted retreat and therefore the arrival of the Italian units is determined randomly.
		Italian Surrender: Due to the brittle nature of the Italian Army its units might suddenly surrender, if this happens then at least 1 stand of infantry must by removed with the Italian units to escort the prisoners to the rear.
	www.wargamesjournal.com /wwii/beda_fomm.asp (1803 words)

	Army
		The Army is charged with border protection and acting as a rapid deployment force depending on operational circumstances.
		The army was nevertheless confronted by grave deficiencies.
		Many army units were scattered throughout populated areas, owing in part to their responsibility for training People's Militia units.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/libya/army.htm (794 words)

	11th Hussars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The regiment was founded in 1715 as Colonel Philip Honeywood's Regiment of Dragoons and was known by the name of its Colonel until 1751 when it became the 11th Regiment of Dragoons.
		The Hussars captured Fort Capuzzo and, in an ambush east of Bardia, captured General Lastucci of the Italian Tenth Army.
		On October 25 1969 the regiment was amalgamated with the 10th Royal Hussars (Prince of Wales's Own) to form the Royal Hussars (Prince of Wales's Own).
	www.free-download-soft.com /info/wordfile4me.html (285 words)

	Military.com Content
		On the ground, Italian Marshal Rodolfo Graziani had some 250,000 troops in Libya, while General Lord Archibald Percival Wavell, British commander in chief of the Middle East, had only 100,000 troops to defend Egypt, Sudan and Palestine.
		The British and Italian armies faced each other across the Libyan-Egyptian border in an area known as the Western Desert.
		Italian control of the airfield at Sidi Barrani, however, seriously reduced the operational reach of British air power and posed a threat to the Royal Navy in Alexandria.
	www.military.com /Content/MoreContent?file=PRnafrica (2387 words)

	Annibale Bergonzoli - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Annibale Bergonzoli (1884-1973) was an Italian Lieutenant General during World War II.
		At the end of 1940, a British offensive called Operation Compass, led by General Richard O'Connor, took Bardia forcing the Italians to retreat into Cirenaica.
		Bergonzoli continued to command the XXIII Corps of the Italian Tenth Army during the retreat.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Annibale_Bergonzoli (151 words)

	italian language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Linguistically speaking, the Italian language is a member of the Romance group of the Italic subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages.
		It is spoken principally in the Italian peninsula, southern Switzerland, San Marino, Sicily, Corsica, northern Sardinia, and on the northeastern shore of the Adriatic Sea, as well as in North and South America.
		The Italian language was a result of the genius of Dante to create an acceptable amalgamation of the various dialects into a masterfully consistent language for use throughout Italy.
	www.elsdatabank.com /italiancourse/italianlanguage.htm (5356 words)

	2001 Conference - Remembering 1941 - accommodation packages [Australian War Memorial]
		They were: the weakness of the Italian Army and of the higher direction of the Italian armed forces; the shortages in almost all the means for fighting of the British Commonwealth armed forces; the influence of Operation Barbarossa - Hitler's invasion of Russia.
		The re-equipment of the army in Britain, now expecting a German invasion, meant that little was available for the army in the Middle East where Australians and New Zealanders were arriving with rifles and bayonets but very little else.
		The establishment of a few squadrons of the RAF supporting the Greek army in November had alerted Hitler to the possible threat to the southern flank of Barbarossa and to the oilfields of Rumania.
	www.awm.gov.au /events/conference/2001/hill.htm (1263 words)

	Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II information - Search.com
		In the aftermath of Avalanche the Italian surrender was announced and the British naval forces escorted the Italian fleet to Malta under the terms of the surrender.
		The Italian decision to halt the advance is generally credited to them being unaware of the British strength, and the activity of Royal Navy forces operating in the Mediterranean to interfere with Italian supply lines.
		The new commander of the Eighth Army, Lieutenant General Sir Bernard Montgomery, had the opportunity to conclusively defeat the Panzerarmee Afrika under Erwin Rommel, since Rommel was at the end of enormously stretched supply lines, the British were close to their supply bases, and Rommel was about to be attacked from the rear by Torch.
	www.search.com /reference/Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_World_War_II (13042 words)

	5th Army History • Conclusion
		The Italian frontier as it existed in 1939 was to be closed and guarded; northern Italy within the Army zone was to be occupied and Allied Military Government set up to control the large cities and great industrial machinery of the richest section in Italy.
		By 15 July the Army had lost 19 of the 28 ordnance units which it had on 8 May, and 80 per cent of all ordnance work in the Army was done by German units under American supervision.
		Definitive pronouncements on the Italian campaign of Fifth Army must await study by military men in the years to come; the purpose of this history is to set down a detailed account of the operations as they actually took place.
	www.milhist.net /mto/racealps.html (4274 words)

	GI -- World War II Commemoration
		In Libya the Italian garrison was sandwiched between strong French forces in French North Africa and considerable British forces in Egypt; and Italy's other colonies were surrounded by potential enemies on all sides, although the forces arrayed against her were not very formidable in the early stages of the war.
		The Eighth Army began its offensive on the Sangro River on November 20, and the Fifth Army attacked in the Liri Valley on December 1.
		One portion of the Eighth Army was to the east of the Apennines; the Fifth Army and the rest of the Eighth Army, to the west.
	www.grolier.com /wwii/wwii_8.html (12575 words)

	Avalanche Press
		And as the threat of Italian entry into the war grew, the three infantry battalions (18th, 19th and 20th) were assigned rear area security, ultimately being assigned to secure the city of Cairo.
		With a hostile Italian Libya to the west, a neutral but German-conquered Vichy French Syria to the east and an aggressive Italian East Africa to the south, every British unit in the Middle East had to be incorporated into the defensive plan.
		The drivers of 4th RMT were to carry the three infantry battalions of 5th Indian Brigade to the rear of the Italian fortified camps named Tummar West and Tummar East as part of the sweeping maneuver behind the Italian lines of the 4th Indian Infantry and 7th Armoured Divisions.
	www.avalanchepress.com /2ndNewZealand2.php (1287 words)

	The American Soldier, 1918
		The 332d Infantry Regiment, 83d Division, together with attached medical and supply units, was, sent to the Italian front in July 1918 in response to urgent requests from the Italian government.
		Its principal missions were to raise Italian morale and to confuse and disrupt the enemy by creating the impression that a large American force had reached the front and was preparing to participate actively in the fighting in that area.
		During the Italian Vittorio Veneto offensive, on 29 October, the 332d Infantry formed the advance guard of the British XIV Corps of the Italian Tenth Army as it pursued the Austrians from the Piave to the Tagliamento River.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/art/p-p/as-5/1918.htm (343 words)

	Induction and Basic Training - Rolland Despres, 4th platoon, B Company, 1 Bn, 331st IR, 83rd Infantry Division
		One regiment the 332nd, with attached medical and supply units, was sent to the Italian front in July 1918 in response to urgent requests from the Italian Government.
		On October 29th as part of the British XIV Corps of the Italian Tenth Army; the American regiment formed the advance guard of the corps.
		The cadre, officers and noncommissioned officers who had received army basic training at least once and who were assigned to the newly activated division to assist in their organization and training, were on hand in camp a month ahead of the activation day.
	www.angelfire.com /va2/worldwar2family/rolland.html (1782 words)

	War in the Desert: More Lybian Divisions
		The Italian army estimated it required two full months to get Libyan troops with previous military experience functioning at a minimal acceptable level of military efficiency.
		The army in North Africa had the resources to clothe the troops, give them a rifle, provide most of the draft animals, and provide some of the other equipment.
		Thereafter, the Italian military authorities necessarily always gave higher priority to rebuilding of Italian units (for they had a greater potential combat strength).
	userpage.fu-berlin.de /~broszies/generalstab/arsenal/italian_army/witd_lybdiv01.html (1303 words)

	Libya - WORLD WAR II - The Desert War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		British Empire forces of the Army of the Nile, under General Archibald Wavell, counterattacked sharply in December, advancing as far as Tobruk by the end of the month.
		The opposing armies settled down into a stalemate in the desert as British naval and air power interdicted German convoys and road transport, gradually starving Rommel of supplies and reinforcements.
		Late in October the Eighth Army, under the command of General Bernard Montgomery, broke through the Axis lines at Al Alamein in a massive offensive that sent German and Italian forces into a headlong retreat.
	countrystudies.us /libya/24.htm (313 words)

	First World War.com - Who's Who - Earl of Cavan
		Lambart chose retirement from the army at a relatively early age in 1913 while aged only 48; his reason - to dedicate himself to his estate in Hertfordshire.
		It was with XIV Corps that Cavan was despatched to the Italian Front in the wake of the Caporetto fiasco in November 1917.
		It was in this capacity that Cavan led the Italian Tenth Army which struck a decisive bow at the Battle of Vittorio Veneto, the action which sounded the final death blow of the Austro-Hungarian army towards the close of the war.
	www.firstworldwar.com /bio/cavan.htm (304 words)

	news.mod.uk - News Archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A small force of motorised infantry, artillery and armoured cars under Lieutenant Colonel Combe of the 11th Hussars blocked the road, and despite repeated Italian efforts to break through, held their position.
		Meanwhile, as British tanks arrived on the scene from their gruelling march across the desert, they harried the flanks of the huge column of Italian men and equipment, while 6th Australian Division, which had pursued the Tenth Army along the coast, closed in from the north-east.
		The Italians were forced to surrender on 7 February.
	news.mod.uk /news/press/news_press_notice.asp?newsItem_id=1422 (199 words)

	Roman Army: Bibliography
		Irby-Massie, G.L., "The Roman Army and the Cult of the Campestres," ZPE 113 (1996) 293-300.
		Isaac, Benjamin, "Reflections on the Roman Army in the East," The Defence of the Roman and Byzantine East ed.
		Isaac, Benjamin, "The Roman Army in Jerusalem and Its Vicinity," Studien zu den Militärgrenzen Roms III, 13.
	www.csun.edu /~hcfll004/armybibl.html (15124 words)

	HTML Review Tests
		His main contribution to the war effort was in fighting in Egypt 1940-41 when with limited resources he was able to push the Italians back.
		Wavell became Commander-in-Chief in the Middle East in July 1939 and his main duty was to build defenses in the Middle East and North Africa.
		On 13 September 1940 the Italian Tenth Army advanced into Egypt and were 60 miles inside the border by 18 September.
	brebru.com /webquests/popularmusic/armyofthenile/wavell.html (657 words)

	Italian culture and life in Italy - Acquerello italiano Blog
		As of June 15, 2007, a photographic exhibit at the Museum of Catalonian History in Barcelona, Spain (I specify “Spain”, because Italians spell the name with with two l’s, and there also is a Barcellona in Sicily) is displaying the Spanish Civil War photographs of Italian Lieutenant Wilhelm Schrefler.
		The occasion was the tenth anniversary of the Lateran Pacts between Mussolini’s government and the Vatican, which constituted their so-called Conciliazione or Reconciliation.
		Berlusconi’s former Minister for Italians Abroad Mirko Tremaglia is still trying to change the result his new law unexpectedly produced, alleging a complete foul-up in administering the law he was supposed to oversee.
	www.acquerelloitalianoblog.com (3882 words)

	The Great War - Italian Front - James Mowbray
		First Battle of the Isonzo The Italians attack in the Gorizia area along the Isonzo River, not far from Trieste, on the Adriatic Coast and are repulsed due to extensive Austrian fortifications along the mountain ridges in the area
		Third Battle of the Isonzo The Italian Army, in spite of being heavily reinforced in preparation for the offensive, is again repulsed
		Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo On the northern part of the Isonzo Front the Italians captured the Bainsizza Plateau, a strategically important feature, but out ran their logistics and were forced to stop; the Austrians were on the verge of collapse, and asked for German help
	www.au.af.mil /au/awc/awcgate/mowbray/gw-ital.htm (507 words)

	Marxism No. 1, 2003 / www.socialist.ca (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Second, the army that repressed the workers was a largely peasant army.
		While in 1917 the state could call on the peasant army to crush the workers’ movement in Turin, through 1919 and 1920 the state was unable to rely on the peasant army.
		The actions and inactions of these "fortresses of civil society," the union bureaucracy and the mass reformist party, were crucial for Italian capitalism to fend off the threat of revolution in 1919 and 1920.
	www.socialist.ca /Journal/m2003/07-TheBiennioRosso.html (9687 words)

	CORNWALL - Online Information article about CORNWALL
		Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough..
		army of fish passing the Land's End, and pursued by hordes of See also:
		Italian ports —whence the fisherman's toast, "Long life to the See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /COR_CRE/CORNWALL.html (4492 words)

	The Royal Air Force - History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Also, Italian Air Force operations against the UK cease.
		Two days later, German and Italian aircraft begin a concerted air campaign against the island.
		Overwhelmed by the onslaught, the Italian Tenth Army is completely destroyed and the port falls within 48 hours.
	www.raf.mod.uk /history/line1941.html (1606 words)

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