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	Italian Wars - LoveToKnow 1911
		ITALIAN WARS (1848-1870), a generic name for the series of wars for Italian unity which began with the Milan insurrection of the 18th of March 1848 and closed with the capture of Rome by the Italians on the 20th of September 1870.
		Austro-Sardinian War Of1848-1849From about 1846 the spirit of revolt against foreign domination had gathered force, and two years later, when Europe was on the verge of a revolutionary outburst, the struggle for Italian unity was initiated by the insurrection at Milan.
		The new Italian army, formed on the nucleus of the Sardinian army and led by veterans of Novara and Solferino, was as strong as the whole allied army of 1859, but in absorbing so many recruits it had temporarily lost much of its efficiency.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Italian_Wars (8474 words)

	Italian Unification - MSN Encarta
		The Congress divided territory among the victors of the Napoleonic Wars, a conflict from 1799 to 1815 between France, led by Napoleon I, and a number of European nations.
		Many Italians had admired Napoleon for his victories over the Austrians, whom the Italians disliked, and for the republican ideas that took root in the parts of Italy controlled by the French during the Napoleonic Wars.
		In spite of a heroic defense by the Italian nationalist revolutionary leader Giuseppe Garibaldi, the new republic in Rome was destroyed by French intervention in July 1849.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761580632/Italian_Unification.html (1432 words)

	Italian Wars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Italian troops defeated the French at the battle of Fornovo, forcing Charles to withdraw to France.
		The inconclusive third war between Charles and Francis began with the death of Francesco Maria Sforza, the duke of Milan.
		The Italian Wars had a number of impacts on the work and workplace of Leonardo da Vinci, for example scuppering his plans for a "Gran Cavallo" horse statue in 1495 when the seventy tons of bronze were instead cast into weapons to save Milan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Italian_Wars (1744 words)

	AllRefer.com - Italian Wars (Wars And Battles) - Encyclopedia
		Italian Wars, 1494–1559, series of regional wars brought on by the efforts of the great European powers to control the small independent states of Italy.
		The wars began when, in 1494, Charles VIII of France invaded Italy and seized (1495) Naples without effort, only to be forced to retreat by a coalition of Spain, the Holy Roman emperor, the pope, Venice, and Milan.
		The war ended (1529) with the Treaty of Cambrai (see Cambrai, Treaty of) and the renunciation of Francis's claims in Italy.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/I/ItalianW.html (722 words)

	HISTORICAL INFORMATION: The Renaissance
		A peace is concluded in 1396, as King Richard II of England marries the daughter of Charles VI of France.
		War resumes in 1415, as Henry V of England lands in France.
		In 1585, another civil war (the War of the Three Henri's) involves Henri of Guise and the revived Catholic League, King Henri III of France, and Protestant Henry of Navarre (heir to the throne).
	theminiaturespage.com /ref/history/reninfo.html (2784 words)

	Italian Wars
		The wars signified the passing of chivalry, the arrival of artillery as a field weapon, and the rising of the famous Tercios (Oman, 1987; Taylor, 1993).
		On the night of 23-24 Feb the Imperialist artillery opened up along the line of the Verncula, but this was merely a distraction as the majority of the army silently filed out of camp to the north.
		The war ended with the Treaty of Cambrai and the renunciation of Francis’s claims in Italy (Taylor, 1993).
	www.balagan.org.uk /war/iberia/1492/italy (2000 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Italian Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Italian Wars ITALIAN WARS [Italian Wars] 1494-1559, series of regional wars brought on by the efforts of the great European powers to control the small independent states of Italy.
		French Revolutionary Wars FRENCH REVOLUTIONARY WARS [French Revolutionary Wars] wars occurring in the era of the French Revolution and the beginning of the Napoleonic era, the decade of 1792-1802.
		The wars began as an effort to defend the Revolution and developed into wars of conquest under the empire.
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/06516.html (673 words)

	Miquelon.org Stop the France Bashing
		The entry of France into the Thirty Years' War was the point of departure for a Franco-German traditional enmity, which was efficiently fomented during the late 19th century, while the Peace of Westphalia was interpreted as a visible sign of the inner conflicts and the powerlessness of the Reich.
		The wars had their roots in the Anglo-Dutch commercial rivalry, although the last of the three wars was a wider conflict in which French interests played a primary role.
		FACTS: The War of the Spanish Succession, also known as Marlborough's Wars, fought in Europe and on the Mediterranean, were the last and the bloodiest of the Wars between England and France under Louis XIV, and the first in which Britain played a major military role in European military affairs.
	www.miquelon.org /history-wars.html (5915 words)

	ITALIAN WARS (1848–187o) - Online Information article about ITALIAN WARS (1848–187o)
		verge of a revolutionary outburst, the struggle for Italian unity was initiated by the insurrection at Milan.
		After the war this general was shot for disobedience, and deservedly, for the covering division, the fighting flank-guard on which Chrzanowski's defensive-offensive depended, was thus withdrawn at the moment when Radetzky's whole army was See also:
		ITALIAN SCHOOLS OF THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY UNDER THE...
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /INV_JED/ITALIAN_WARS_1848187o_.html (3168 words)

	Italian Independence wars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Italian independence leaders like Giuseppe Garibaldi and Giuseppe Mazzini returned to Italy to took part to the events, but were rather coldly welcome by the House of Savoy, who aimed to maintain a moderate and pro-governative character to the war.
		The second independence war, also known as Austro-Sardinian War, was declared by the kingdom of Sardinia, in 1859, with the alliance of France.
		The Third Independence War was declared by the kingdom of Italy (unified in 1860) against the Austrian Empire, in 1866, with the alliance of the Kingdom of Prussia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Italian_Independence_wars (931 words)

	Italian Wars - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		ITALIAN WARS [Italian Wars] 1494-1559, series of regional wars brought on by the efforts of the great European powers to control the small independent states of Italy.
		Complete Spanish supremacy in Italy was obtained by the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis (1559), which gave the Two Sicilies and Milan to Philip II.
		Bombing and the Air War on the Italian Front, 1915-1918.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-italianw1.html (775 words)

	Renaissance - France.com
		In the early 16th century, after a series of Italian wars, Francois I strengthened the French Crown and welcomed to France many Italian artists and designers such as Leonardo da Vinci.
		Between 1562 and 1598, the increasse in the number of the Huguenots (Protestants) led to the Wars of Religion.
		He ended the Wars of Religion by enacting the Edict of Nantes, which guaranteed religious and political rights to the Huguenots.
	www.france.com /docs/28.html (193 words)

	Bigpig.org - it's about freedom! - The complete Military History of France .... no wonder
		War of the Augsburg League/King William's War/French and Indian War - Lost, but claimed as a tie.
		The War also gave the French their first taste of a Marlborough, which they have loved every since.
		War on Terrorism - France, keeping in mind its recent history, surrenders to Germans and Muslims just to be safe.
	www.bigpig.org /cgi-bin/pig.cgi?op=read&sid=359 (688 words)

	Italian War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Although these wars were fought primarily by France and Spain, they included forces from various Italian states, Switzerland, and Germany.
		In the first two decades of the Italian Wars, armies continued to rely mainly on cavalry and infantry armed with lance, javelin, sword, shield, and pike.
		The Italian architects were working on fortifications that would withstand the latest artillery and besieging techniques.
	home.snu.edu /~dwilliam/s97/casualties/Italian.html (137 words)

	IFG Italian Front Group Publishing & Hobby: Other books and magazine, new, used and period publications. Militaria ...
		Pavia was the most decisive battle of the bloody Italian Wars, which raged almost continuously between 1494 and 1529.
		This title gives a comprehensive view of all aspects of the late Medieval Italian city militias; from the weaponry, attitudes and social backgrounds of their members, to the Italian political context that made such formations so necessary.
		Established by a group of Italian merchants from Amalfi in the mid-11th century, the Hospitallers became recognized experts in the military capabilities of opposing Islamic armies, a consequence of the crusading movement.
	www.italianfront.com /booksOther.htm (635 words)

	In war, one side doesn't win. It just loses less. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		In a war whose ending foreshadows the next 2000 years of French history, France is conquered by, of all things, an Italian.
		This is counted as a tie since the leadership was really provided by an Italian (Roman) general who also brought along his own troops.
		Hundred Years War - One of the many periods when France was used as a playground by British troops who didn't want to mess up their own countryside.
	extlab1.entnem.ufl.edu /IH8PCs/humor/french_wars.htm (972 words)

	Campaign Rules
		Faction fighting amongst the Italians, fickle mercenaries, devastating attrition that meant generals often preferred to wait and watch their enemy dissolve than to risk a battle, and sieges all played a considerable part in the Italian Wars, and these rules try to recreate this.
		The Italian cities were full of rival factions and the French and Spanish used this to their advantage.
		The wars are full of incidents were mercenaries went on strike, went home, or changed sides.
	www.balagan.org.uk /war/dbx/dbx_italian_wars_campaign.htm (1700 words)

	Italian Wars Total War - The Guild (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The Carriochas were universal in all italian armies they were carts pulled by oxen, the cart carried the colours and heradry of the armies they were souce of moral and a rallying point.
		The man on the right is a italian knight, the man in the middle is a light infantry man and on the right is a bombard and crewman.
		We've discussed a lot of italian units there in the last weeks and some of them might be interesting for your mod also.
	forums.totalwar.org /vb/showthread.php?t=35134 (2039 words)

	Amazon.fr : Pavia 1525: The Climax of the Italian Wars: Livres en anglais: Angus Konstam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Amazon.fr : Pavia 1525: The Climax of the Italian Wars: Livres en anglais: Angus Konstam
		By 1525 France had turned its attention to the conquering of the rich Italian Duchy of Milan, opposed or assisted at varying times by Italian states, with both sides calling upon the support of Swiss, German and Italian mercenaries.
		In these campaigns France's toughest adversary was the Spanish army, and when the thrones of Spain and Austria were combined in 1519, it altered the whole nature of the Italian Wars.
	www.amazon.fr /Pavia-1525-Climax-Italian-Wars/dp/0275988511 (252 words)

	Text / The Complete Military History of France
		Also should be noted that France attempted to hide behind the Maginot line, sticking their head in the sand and pretending that the Germans would enter France that way.
		Lost: after getting hammered by Frederick the Great of Prussia (yep, the Germans again) at Rossbach, the French were held off for the remainder of the War by Frederick of Brunswick and a hodge-podge army including some Brits.
		War also saw France kicked out of Canada (Wolfe at Quebec) and India (Clive at Plassey).
	www.albinoblacksheep.com /text/france.html (1136 words)

	BrothersJudd Blog: AS OPPOSED TO ALL THOSE SUCCESSFUL ITALIAN WARS
		The Italians in WWII sometimes fought bravely as individuals, but were incompetent as an armed force, with abysmal leadership, logistics and technology.
		Italians may suck at "freeing" the hell out countries, but what they've accomplished before hand is priceless, Humanism was created in the Italian city states.
		So quit whinging about how the italians bailed out on America, if you were right, everyone would hate italians- but strangely America is seen as the evil dictator even by the people it doesnt shoot up.
	www.brothersjudd.com /blog/archives/2006/05/as_opposed_to_a.html (905 words)

	Star Wars: Episode I \| Italian Premiere
		But the place for fans to be at midnight Thursday was the state-of-the-art Arcadia Theater in Melzo, a suburb of Milan, which has one of the largest seamless screens in the world.
		A special Star Wars event, sponsored by the Star Wars Alliance, the Italian Star Wars Fan Club, packed the Arcadia's largest auditorium with an excited crowd, many in costumes.
		They were treated to a display of large models of Star Wars vehicles--including a giant Naboo Starfighter and two battle droids, scratch-built by skilled Italian fans.
	www.starwars.com /episode-i/release/theater/news19990917b.html (212 words)

	The Italian Wars - Knox (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The event itself was traumatic enough, for Italy had not been invaded in any serious way since the days of the Hohenstaufen in the 13th century.
		The invasion had a greater significance than the immediate effects of foreign armies, for it heralded a period of French and Spanish involvement in Italian affairs that would last for almost forty years.
		Florence had been at the very center of Italian political life ever since arranging the Peace of Lodi in 1454.
	www.boisestate.edu /courses/latemiddleages/invasion/invasion.shtml (2323 words)

	Olde Rivertowne Miniatures Catalog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Venexia 15mm The Wars of Louis XIV:Regimental Packs:English Cavalry
		Venexia 15mm The Wars of Louis XIV:Regimental Packs:English Dragoons
		Venexia 15mm The Wars of Louis XIV:Regimental Packs:French Cavalry
	www.olderivertowneminis.com /servlet/Catalog (95 words)

	Australian International Motor Show - Italian car roundup
		Italian marques on display include Alfa Romeo, Ferrari, Maserati and new kid on the block Pagani, now distributed in Australia by Motor Group Australia alongside Rover and MG and British fast car manufacturer Noble.
		2004 sees a continuation of the 'supercar' wars - Italian manufacturers are traditionally some where near the top spot for fastest car but seem to have been pipped to the post by Swedish manufacturer Koenigsegg with their CCR model.
		Still, of the 7 supercars making an appearance at the show 3 are Italian - the Ferrari 612 Scaglietti, the Pagani Zonda and the Maserati MC12 (the other contenders are the homegrown Joss, the Ford GT and the Porsche Carrera GT).
	www.italiancar.net /pilot/art150.htm (1072 words)

	Italian Wars — FactMonster.com
		, king of Spain and (after 1519) Holy Roman emperor, reopened warfare in 1521, and the French were badly defeated in the Battle of Pavia (1525), the most important in the long wars.
		Philip II The wars, though ruinous to Italy, had helped to spread the Italian Renaissance in Western Europe.
		Treaty of Madrid - Madrid, Treaty of, 1526: see Italian Wars.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/history/A0825672.html (589 words)

	The Risorgimento or Unification of Italy (1815-1871): An Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		It began with the ending of Napoleon's reign and the Congress of Vienna in 1815, and ended with the Franco-Prussian War in 1870-71.
		The Franco-Austrian War or Second War of Italian Unification (1859)
		The Austro-Prussian War and Third War of Italian Unification (1866)
	www.victorianweb.org /history/risorgimento/1.html (225 words)

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