Italian city states

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Topic: Italian city states

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	City-state - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The city's population was predominately made up of Croats until the 19th century, when the Austro-Hungarian monarchy began to encourage Italian immigration as a counter-balance to the rise of Slavic nationalism.
		Until 1870, the city of Rome had been controlled by the pope as part of his "papal states".
		The impasse was resolved in 1929 by the Lateran Treaties negotiated by the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini between King Victor Emmanuel III and Pope Pius XI.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/City-state (2073 words)

	THE ITALIAN CITY-STATES OF THE RENAISSANCE
		In the Italian city-states, the popolo, in its struggle for supremacy, tended to choose as its leader a member of the opposing party, the nobility, and give him a title such as captain of the people.
		In these circumstances many cities called in a podest, who was invariably a foreigner that is, he came from another Italian city and entrusted him with carefully defined powers for a limited period of time.
		In the Italian cities, the faction which sided with the emperor was known as the Ghibelline party; the adherents of the popes were called Guelfs.
	www.ku.edu /carrie/texts/carrie_books/gilbert/03.html (11620 words)

	Italian city-states - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This article is about the early Italian city-states during the Italian Renaissance.
		Because an attack across the Alps was very difficult, German princelings could not exert sustained control over their Italian vassal states, and thus Italy was substantially freed of German political interference.
		The Po plain, however, was an exception; it was the only large contiguous area, and most city states which fell to invasion were located there.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Italian_city-states (530 words)

	PicturePack from www.HistoryPictures.com
		The political independence of the city-states made possible the dynamic commercial activity that supported the Italians’ great interest in reviving their Roman heritage, which was the essence of the Age of the Italian Renaissance.
		A map of the Italian city-states in the Renaissance, 1494.
		An ancient city on the island of Crete, Knossos was the economic and political center of the Minoan civilization during the Bronze Age, ca.
	www.historypictures.com /ppksampler/search.html (877 words)

	The Rise of Italian City-States
		In this theatre of political fragmentation, many Italian cities began to assert their autonomy.
		The cities were often troubled by violent and divisive rivalries among their citizens, the most famous being the papal-imperial struggle between the Guelphs (the supporters of the popes) and the Ghibellines (the supporters of the emperors).
		Despite such divisions, however, the cities contributed significantly to the economic, social, and rising cultural energy of Italy.
	www.arcaini.com /ITALY/ItalyHistory/ItalianCityStates.htm (154 words)

	Millennium - Episode 5: World Context
		The Italian city states continued to prosper through their control of Mediterranean trade.
		Orthodox Christian refugees from Constantinople sought the protection of the Italian city states.
		City states along the east coast of Africa traded gold, ivory, and slaves.
	learning.turner.com /cnn/millennium/ep5/ep5_wc.html (865 words)

	Renaissance and Reformation
		Italian Bankers, thanks to the relative economic superiority of the Italian City-States, became the Bankers of Europe.
		The city - states of Italy were the epicenter of Europe's economical, political, and cultural life throughout the 14th and 15th centuries.
		The Wealthy Italian merchants were the patrons of the arts and insisted on secular art forms.
	ap_history_online.tripod.com /apeh2.htm (1295 words)

	Backgrounds to the Italian Renaissance
		In contrast to cities in central and northern Europe which were ruled by monarchs, the Italian cities were allowed a high degree of autonomy and expanded their political influence over the areas surrounding them.
		It was the last significant moment in Italian Renaissance history; the Reformation, one of the most significant events in European history, was on the eve of its eruption, awaiting a cold morning at the end of October, 1517, to permanently change the face of European culture.
		Little was done to stop the growth of these autonomous states; Italy had through most of the late middle ages been fought over by the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor; each of these was so intent on the other that both permitted the growth of powerful autonomous regions to further their own aims.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/REN/BACK.HTM (2870 words)

	renaissance.html
		The large Italian city-states were the cultural centers of this phenomenon — they had developed stable governments, and had gradually ceased their constant warfare with each other.
		The Italian city-states were different from much of Europe — they were far more urban and cosmopolitan even in the Middle Ages.
		Nearly 1 in 4 Italians lived in cities by late Middle Ages; the ratio was 1 in 10 elsewhere.
	www.loyno.edu /~seduffy/renaissance.html (1824 words)

	End of Europe's Middle Ages - Italy's City-States
		The situation worsened during the residence of the papal court in Avignon during the Avignonese Captivity (1308-1378) and the attitude of resentment was especially evident in the Papal States of central Italy.
		Once in the cities, the grandi tended to reorganize their allies and perpetuated the vendettas they had carried from the contado.
		One of the most dazzling courts of the time was that of the Visconti and Sforza dukes of Milan, beginning with the despot, Giangaleazzo Visconti (1351-1402), who had married a daughter of the French king and purchased the title of Duke of Milan in 1395.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/endmiddle/c-states.html (1823 words)

	Italian boys clothes -- regions Venice
		As a city whose fortunes were based on maitime trade, the Venetians began to develop a navy to protect their merchant ships and to safeguard sea routes to immportant trading partners.
		The Italian political and territorial picture, which at the end of the 18th century seemed to have stabilized, rapidly disintegrated in the face of Napoleon Bonaparte's first military campaign across the peninsula so as to successfully attack the Austrian Empire on its southern flank.
		The Venetians played an even more important role in the 4th Crusade (1202) in which the Venetians and their Norman allies seized and pillaged the city and set up a Latin Republic.
	histclo.hispeed.com /country/it/reg/ir-ven.html (1772 words)

	Pages Through the Ages: The Renaissance, government
		The leader of the Italian city-states was Machiavelli, who lived from 1469 to 1527.
		City states were different than being ruled by a king.
		Machiavelli thought of a fundamental political unit called a state.
	www.fcps.k12.va.us /OakViewES/harris/96-97/agespages/renaissance/government.html (148 words)

	Week 14: Christendom Expanding, II
		Italian City States, II: Siena, Florence and the Origins of the Renaissance
		City States: Continuity in urban life, albeit disrupted by invasions (recall earlier statements); Continuity in Roman law, manifested in resistance to empire and popes in political treatises, e.g.
		A notion of Europe is articulated, as the cultural developments of the Italian Renaissance are received in lands north of the Alps.
	homepage.mac.com /paulstephenson/madison/medieval/handout/week14.html (1528 words)

	Augustine Thompson, O.P.: Cities of God
		Drawing on a wide repertoire of ecclesiastical and secular sources, from city statutes and chronicles to saints’ lives and architecture, Thompson recaptures the religious origins and texture of the Italian republics and allows their inhabitants a spiritual voice that we have never heard before.
		Cities of God is bold, revisionist history in the tradition of Eamon Duffy’s The Stripping of the Altars.
		But historians have focused on their political accomplishments to the exclusion of their religious life, going so far as to call them “purely secular contrivances.” When religion is considered, the subjects are usually saints, heretics, theologians, and religious leaders, thereby ignoring the vast majority of those who lived in the communes.
	www.psupress.org /books/titles/0-271-02477-1.html (339 words)

	History
		In the 1200s the Italian peninsula was divided into numerous autonomous states with an extreme variety of political institutions and juridical structures, particularly manifest in the relationships between city-states and surrounding territories.
		The parties which were in contention over power centers often tended toward mutual annihilation: the losers were exiled, their goods confiscated, their homes destroyed; but in exile, in order to recuperate their power, they made alliances with parties of nearby cities and waged war against their own fatherland.
		What is more, each individual political entity tended to create its own institutions and acted in accord with or aggressively against other groups.
	www.brown.edu /Departments/Italian_Studies/dweb/history/hist_1.shtml (482 words)

	Rise of Monarchial States
		The tools of diplomacy, such as having embassies, were first seen in the city - states of Renaissance Italy.
		These monarchial nation states (monarchial because the state was governed by a king), began to replace the feudal kingship idea of the Middle Ages.
		In 1469, Ferdinand of Aragon married Isabella of Castile, and led the groundwork for Spanish unification.
	ap_history_online.tripod.com /apeh5.htm (1116 words)

	BRAUDEL’S MEDITERRANEAN
		Italians were the masters of a variety of high-end areas of commerce, from textiles to glass, from armor to tapestries.
		Italian cities in the Renaissance were divided according to families and factions.
		Italian men of commerce and their "ink-stained fingers" were the elites of this society.
	www.sewanee.edu /history/dept/html/City.html (2003 words)

	Italy and Germany, 1400-1700
		Reformation was far from the minds of Italians, as their city-states were too busy struggling to keep their regions free from foreign reign.
		Because of the heavy losses it sustained, many German states were powerless to stop France from seizing parts of southwestern Germany, including the city of Strasbourg in 1681.
		Cities eventually had to give up their freedom to powerful despots who promised peace.
	www.hyperhistory.net /apwh/essays/comp/cw18italygermany.htm (1894 words)

	Murray High School.htm
		So the fact that Italian city-states became rich allowed many people to pursue the arts instead of worrying about their next meal.
		Other Italian city-states -- especially Genoa (Christopher Columbus' hometown) and Florence (my grandmother's hometown) -- became very wealthy also.
		In 1204, the doge (leader) of Venice (an eastern Italian city-state) ordered crusaders to attack Constantinople.
	k12.albemarle.org /MurrayHS/SSHome_Page/whIInet/crsadsty.htm (728 words)

	Language Specialised Courses : Italia!
		The population loves its city, every year they celebrate in Siena - one of the earliest Italian city states - the traditional horse race called the Palio.
		The daily newspaper and Italian magazines are at the disposal for the Leonardo da Vinci students for self-study.
		It is a city right out of a picture with medieval houses and small streets, leading up to the dazzling Cathedral or down to the wonderful Piazza del Campo.
	www.specialisedcourses.com /special/destinations/italy.asp (489 words)

	Corfu island
		Through ancient history it was under the of the city-states of Athens and Corinth and later it was ruled by the Goths, Lombards, Saracens and Normans and was fought over from the kings of Sicily and the Italian city-states of Genoa and Venice.
		y and the Italian city-states of Genoa and Venice.
		From 1864 onwards, Corfu has been part of Greece: but its architecture remains much more Italian than anywhere else in Greece.
	www.georgina-apartments.com /corfu-island.htm (519 words)

	History: Political Effects of the Renaissance
		Italian city-states were transformed during the Renaissance from communes to territorial states, each of which sought to expand at the expense of the others.
		The humanist approach to theology and scripture may be traced from the Italian scholar Petrarch to the Dutch scholar Desiderius Erasmus; it made a powerful impact on Roman Catholics and Protestants.
		Moreover, many humanists were concerned with theological questions and applied the new philological and historical scholarship to the study and interpretation of the early church fathers.
	www.cyberessays.com /History/111.htm (599 words)

	Publisher description for Library of Congress control number 95061531
		The cult of the saints played a vital role in the political life of Italian city states in the Middle Ages.
		The saints were a unifying force for a city, and brought prestige and power to its rulers, therefore the cult of the saints was bound up with the civic agenda, and worship was politically charged.
		This book is therefore not a hagiography, but an intensely political study of an age in which religious experience was seen as part of everyday life, and in which it seemed natural to medieval politicians to involve the saints in politics.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/description/hol055/95061531.html (194 words)

	Houghton Mifflin Textbook - Chapter Summaries
		Unlike medieval scholars, Italian humanists studied the ancients for their own sake, as models of exemplary thought and expression that individuals could use to live fully in the world.
		Unlike the rest of Europe, these states were based on commercial and financial power and were ruled by fragile coalitions of feudal aristocracy and rich merchants.
		As the states were politically unstable, they sought novel solutions to government.
	college.hmco.com /history/west/perry/western_civilization/7e/students/summary/ch13.html (510 words)

	BiblioItalRenCity
		Bratchel, M.E. Lucca, 1430-1494: The Reconstruction of an Italian City-Republic.
		Medieval Orvieto: The Political History of an Italian City-State, 1157-1334.
		Jones, P.J. The Malatesta of Rimini and the Papal State.
	academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu /history/king/BiblioRenCity.htm (652 words)

	Notes from 6/26
		Like other medieval cities, the Italian city-states (meaning they were autonomous) were highly socially stratified.
		These city-states, which included Naples, Florence, Milan, Genoa and the Papal State had traded continuously with the Near East throughout the Middle Ages, and as commerce revived after the Crusades they were well-positioned to profit.
		Today we discussed the Italian Renaissance, a cultural revival in which the values of the Greco-Roman world were rediscovered, and to some extent harmonized with Christianity.
	www.geocities.com /tonyball96/westernciv/ItalianRenaissance.htm (1184 words)

	gonfalonier -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Italian Gonfaloniere (“standard bearer”), a title of high civic magistrates in the medieval Italian city-states.
		leading family of medieval Italian financiers whose bankruptcy in the 14th century contributed to the economic depression of the late Middle Ages.
		In Florence the gonfaloniers of the companies (gonfalonieri di compagnia) originated during the 1250s as commanders of the people's militia.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9037348 (182 words)

	City-states in Italy
		Several Italian cities formed states that were independent of both the empire and the church.
		Florence, the “city of flowers,” was located in the hill country of north-central Italy.
		The city became rich by collecting taxes on all merchandise brought into its harbor.
	www.mrdowling.com /704-italy.html (283 words)

	Italian Condotta -- DBA 169
		All figures are by Essex except the Siennese City Militia (Spear with large shields, per fess argent and sable, a crossbow proper), which are by Irregular.
		Foes of the Italian Condotta are the Later Ottoman (#160b), Early Swiss (#161a), Later Swiss (#161b), Later Hungarian (#166), Later Imperialist (#167), other Italian Condotta armies (#169), Free Company (#172), and French Ordonnance (#178).
		First, the Medieval French (#170) should be added to the list of historical enemies of the Italian Condotta.
	www.umiacs.umd.edu /~kuijt/dba169/dba169.html (1025 words)

	bioday2.html
		The Italian city states were a disparate group with different legal and political systems, dialects, cultures, weights and measures, taxation, and currencies.
		Lincoln's talk was titled "Bioinformatics: Building a Nation from a Land of City States," and he started by comparing Italian city states of the middle ages to bioinformatics data providers.
		Lincoln Stein is one of the favorite personalities of both the Perl and Bioinformatics crowds, and his afternoon keynote at O'Reilly's Bioinformatics Technology Conference was predictably well attended and well received.
	www.oreillynet.com /network/2002/01/29/bioday2.html (916 words)

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