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Topic: Italian general election, 2001

	Italian general election, 2006 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the Italian general election, 2006 for the renewal of the two Chambers of the Parliament of Italy held on April 9 and April 10, 2006 the incumbent prime minister Silvio Berlusconi, leader of the center-right House of Freedoms, was narrowly defeated by Romano Prodi, leader of the center-left The Union.
		The Italian Constitution prescribes that both chambers must accept every modification to the constitution twice within three months, and, if it passes with less than two thirds of the votes at the second scrutiny, a national referendum on the modification can be held (the reform will make it always possible to call such a referendum).
		Since 1994 general election and through the 2001 general election, Italy had a mixed electoral system, with 75% of the seats assigned through a plurality voting system, and 25% through a proportional one.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Italian_general_elections,_2006 (5548 words)

	Election Resources on the Internet: Elections to the Italian Parliament (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Senate elections were held under a system in which three-quarters of the seats were filled in single-member constituencies, provided the winning candidate received at least sixty-five percent of the constituency vote; this requirement did not apply to the Valle d'Aosta Senate seat election, which was carried out by plurality voting.
		Seventy-seven percent of the Italian electorate took part in the vote, in which a proposal to repeal the sixty-five percent constituency threshold for Senate elections was overwhelmingly approved, with 82.7% of the valid vote.
		In the election, held on April 21, 1996, the Olive Tree secured a narrow majority of seats in the Chamber of Deputies, and a somewhat larger majority in the Senate.
	electionresources.org /it (3286 words)

	Italian general election, 2001 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A national general election was held in Italy on May 13, 2001 to elect members of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Republic.
		Leader of the House of Freedoms Silvio Berlusconi won the election, defeating Francesco Rutelli, former Mayor of Rome, and premieral candidate of the Olive Tree coalition, and rising back to power after his first victory, in 1994.
		The intricate electoral system of Italy provided 75% of the seats on the Chamber of Deputies (the Lower House) as elected by uninominal system, whereas the remaining 25% is assigned on a proportional way with a minimum threshold of 4%.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Italian_general_election,_2001 (303 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > World -- Italian leaders use old scripts for new election
		ROME –; Any Rip Van Winkle who nodded off ahead of the last Italian general election in 2001 could be forgiven for thinking that time has stood still listening to the rhetoric in the run up to the April 2006 vote.
		Italian industry continues its relentless decline, public debt weighs oppressively on state finances, business life remains stifled by red tape, the population keeps ageing and state airliner Alitalia defies gravity to stay in the skies.
		The official election campaign does not begin for several weeks and the opening shots of the unofficial campaign have been short of substance, with neither side presenting a manifesto.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/world/20051201-0907-italy-election.html (769 words)

	Nigeria
		Trials in the regular court system are public and generally respect constitutionally protected individual rights in criminal cases, including a presumption of innocence, and the right to be present, to confront witnesses, to present evidence, and to be represented by legal counsel.
		Since the 1999 elections, foreign journalists who sought to enter the country to cover political developments generally have been able to obtain visas, and many of the obstacles that previously frustrated foreign journalists were removed.
		In August General Jeremiah Useni, a retired general and former Minister of the Federal Capital Territories under the Abacha regime, was prevented from traveling outside the country, and his passport was confiscated; the Federal Government provided no reason for this action, but it was assumed widely to be related to allegations of corruption.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2001/af/8397.htm (19548 words)

	2001 - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		By strict interpretation of the Gregorian Calendar, 2001 is also the first year of the 21st century and the 3rd millennium.
		September 18 - The 2001 anthrax attacks commence as anthrax letters are mailed from Princeton, New Jersey to ABC News, CBS News, NBC News, the New York Post, and the National Enquirer.
		October 9 - The 2001 anthrax attacks continue as anthrax letters are mailed from Princeton, New Jersey to Senators Tom Daschle of South Dakota and Patrick Leahy of Vermont.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/2001 (4710 words)

	Election Resources on the Internet: Elections to the Italian Parliament - The Senate (1994-2001)
		Previously, from 1948 to 1992, a majority of at least sixty-five percent of the valid vote was required for election to a Senate single-member constituency; otherwise, no candidate was elected to fill the seat, which was added to the regional PR pool, where it was allocated.
		To illustrate the functioning of the system, the allocation of seats in the Emilia Romagna region for the May, 2001 general election is presented here in detail.
		However, it should be stressed that while proportional representation has some influence over the composition of the Senate, elections to the upper house of the Italian legislature are now largely decided in the single-member colleges, filled by the first-past-the-post method.
	electionresources.org /it/senate.html (1708 words)

	CULTURAL HERITAGE AND CONTEMPORARY CHANGE
		From this perspective, the migrations away from the Italian peninsula prior to and during the construction of the modern Italian state at the end of the nineteenth century provide an analytical bridge to transcend, at least in a limited manner, the aforementioned incompatibility between Italicity and Italian citizenship.
		Italian citizenship remains a legal construction associated with the Italian polity, but the same cultural idioms that informed the construction of the formal rules governing accession to Italian citizenship lay simultaneously at the center of Italic identities.
		Pastore comments that the Italian ruling class held essentially passive attitudes towards the mass emigrations at the end of the nineteenth century and start of the twentieth, but suggests that the motivation for the adoption of the principle of jus sanguinis emanated partly from the perception that Italian identity would survive generations living abroad.
	www.crvp.org /book/Series04/IV-6/chap-6.htm (3503 words)

	Human Rights Watch World Report 2002: Africa: Africa Overview
		The year 2001 saw new international attention to Africa, mainly focused on combating the scourge of diseases related to HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and on efforts to counter impoverishment aggravated by the globalization of the world economy.
		It was announced that proportional representation in the legislature would be introduced in the 2001 elections, and that the government would fund political parties, based on their performance in municipal polls.
		On October 9, 2001, a deal was signed by the Zanzibar authorities and the opposition agreeing on tension-reducing measures including electoral reform, provision of equal access to all parties on state media, and the holding of by-elections for seats that remained vacant after the disputed 2000 elections.
	hrw.org /wr2k2/africa.html (13044 words)

	Central African Republic
		The Presidential election, like the National Assembly elections held in late 1998, generally was free but was controlled by the Government and was marred by irregularities that tended to favor the ruling party candidate.
		The Government generally allows opposition leaders to travel abroad or inside the country without restrictions; however, in early January, former President David Dacko was stopped at Mpoko Airport and prevented from traveling to Libya; on January 25, Dacko was prevented from traveling abroad for a conference of the Summit Council for World Peace.
		International observers deemed both elections generally free; however, the presidential elections were marred by irregularities in voter registration and distribution of electoral materials.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2001/af/8301.htm (12076 words)

	Publisher description for Library of Congress control number 2002026498 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Publisher description for The Italian general election of 2001 : Berlusconi's victory / edited by James Newell.
		The 2001 Italian general election transformed the Italian political landscape.
		Covering the political and economic contexts of the election, the parties' alliance and campaign strategies, the role of the media, as well as voting shifts and the composition of the new Parliament, the book is a comprehensive guide to the election.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/description/hol031/2002026498.html (138 words)

	Italy. Italy will hold a general election in spring 2001, and polls put media magnate and former Prime Minister Silvio ...
		The 2001 revision of the 1999 immigration law was advocated by interior minister Jaime Mayor Oreja, who says that Spain can not assimilate the immigrants arriving from Latin America, North and sub-Saharan Africa and Eastern Europe.
		Italian employers are complaining of labor shortages- they say that northern Italy has 100,000 to 160,000 vacant jobs, and that workers no longer arrive from southern Italy despite unemployment rates there of 20 to 25 percent.
		Some economists note that Italians often identify strongly with one of the country's 22 states, and are reluctant to move.
	www.migrationint.com.au /news/wales/mar_2001-12mn.html (1181 words)

	WSWS : News & Analysis : Europe: Britain: 2001 General Election (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Britain's general election: The Socialist Alliance and Socialist Labour Party--No alternative to Blair's New Labour
		Britain's general election: The disenfranchisement of the working class and the need for a new socialist party
		Tory defector imposed as Labour candidate in British general election
	www.wsws.org /sections/category/news/uk-2001.shtml (511 words)

	BBC News \| EUROPE \| Berlusconi pledges stronger ties with EU
		Italian prime ministers need the support of both houses of parliament to have a good chance of survival.
		The widespread chaos on election night sparked a row over the decision to reduce the number of polling stations from 90,000 to 60,000 - an apparent cost-cutting exercise.
		Election officials kept voting booths open for several hours after the official closing time, to allow long queues of people to cast their ballots.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/europe/1330435.stm (736 words)

	CNN.com - Italian election fiasco lambasted - May 14, 2001
		Calls were made for the interior minister Enzo Bianco to resign after it was revealed that his department had reduced the number of polling stations by a third compared to last year.
		More than 80 percent of the eligible 49.5 million voters cast their ballot in the general election, the last being cast in the southern city of Reggio Calabria at 4 a.m.
		Voters were choosing between the centre-right coalition led by media tycoon and former premier Silvio Berlusconi and centre-left leader and former Rome mayor Francesco Rutelli.
	edition.cnn.com /2001/WORLD/europe/05/14/italy.confusion (397 words)

	CNN.com - Blair to delay general election - April 2, 2001
		LONDON, England -- UK Prime Minister Tony Blair is expected to delay the country's general election because of the foot-and-mouth crisis.
		The virus, which the government said on Saturday it was winning the fight against, has devastated the countryside and is threatening the tourism industry which is currently estimated to be losing millions of pounds a week.
		The prestigious meeting had already been rearranged from mid-March because of the livestock movement restrictions, but was once again doomed after a new case of the disease was discovered five miles from the track.
	edition.cnn.com /2001/WORLD/europe/04/01/blair.election.02 (537 words)

	Euro at stake in Italian election [Free Republic] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		EUROPEAN countries were anxiously watching the Italian general election last night amid fears that the outcome could affect the stability of the euro and the pace of European integration and again generate accusations that xenophobic groups were entering government in Rome.
		Italian voters were turning out in large numbers for what was seen as one of the most important post-war elections.
		Some Italians have even begun to take pride in the fact that others are taking their country's politics seriously.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a3aff24b6223a.htm (1067 words)

	portland imc - 2001.07.28 - Italian General faces Genoa inquiry
		Italian Judicial sources said this weekend that General Alfonso Mattiello would be asked to
		THE Italian general in charge of the special police accused of beating dozens of British and other protesters at the G8 meeting in Genoa is to be called in for questioning by magistrates, who are leading an inquiry into the
		Judicial sources said this weekend that General Alfonso Mattiello would be asked to account for the actions of a detachment of his 1,000-strong fl-gloved force, the Mobile Operative Group (GOM).
	portland.indymedia.org /en/2001/07/2582.shtml (360 words)

	2001 - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		2001 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar.
		May 19 - One child policy: Zhonghua Sun is put to death by the People's Republic of China government officials because she refused to be sterilized.
		September 11 - Around 3,000 killed in the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attack on the World Trade Center in New York City, The Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia, and rural Shanksville, Pennsylvania.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/2001 (3455 words)

	Italian leaders use old scripts for new election - Turkish Daily News Dec 04, 2005
		Any Rip Van Winkle who nodded off ahead of the last Italian general election in 2001 could be forgiven for thinking that time has stood still listening to the rhetoric in the run up to the April 2006 vote.
		Latest opinion polls suggest the center-left will win next year's election, with one survey published by the IPR research institute this week giving Prodi's coalition 52.7 percent of the vote against just 40.2 percent for Berlusconi's bloc.
		Optimism:The ever-optimistic Berlusconi remains convinced that he can win the 2006 election, despite widespread voter discontent over the state of the economy, which has underperformed the euro zone average in nine out of the last 10 years.
	www.turkishdailynews.com.tr /article.php?enewsid=29764 (1044 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Europe \| Q&A: Italian poll aftermath
		It is the first time Italian expatriates have been able to elect their own representatives and their political allegiance is now under intense scrutiny.
		Mr Prodi beat Mr Berlusconi in a general election in 1996, and the disparate group of left-wing parties that come under the Union's umbrella hope he can pull off the same trick this time.
		Italian manufacturers are being hit hard by competition from East Asian exporters; the country's budget deficit remains in breach of EU rules; unemployment among the young remains stubbornly high; household debt is rising.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/europe/4812794.stm (1055 words)

	The Namibian \| World News \| Insults fly as Italian general election campaign closes
		ROME - Italian politicians yesterday geared up for their last week of campaigning before a general election showing no sign of heeding pleas from the head of state to tone down their personal attacks.
		Berlusconi also derided politicians who were elected on the centre-right ticket at the last election and then switched allegiance halfway through the parliamentary term when Romano Prodi's government fell in 1998.
		Rutelli, the former mayor of Rome and member of the Democrats party, was chosen by the ruling eight-party centre-left coalition to lead it in the May 13 election.
	www.namibian.com.na /2001/May/world/01ECBAE0B7.html (336 words)

	CNN.com - Italian election has wider European repercussions - May 2, 2001
		Italy is set to choose a new prime minister in May 13 general elections pitting against each other two major candidates: billionaire tycoon Silvio Berlusconi of the main center-right coalition and former Roman Mayor Francesco Rutelli of the ruling center-left Olive Tree alliance.
		Although Italian prime ministers seem to come and go on an all-too-often basis, the Italians have been recent political trendsetters.
		The outcome of this election could affect Italy's relationship with much of Europe and perhaps influence the results of future elections in other European nations.
	archives.cnn.com /2001/WORLD/europe/05/02/italy.big.picture (760 words)

	UNT Libraries New Acquisitions for February 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Italian architecture of the 16th century / Colin Rowe & Leon Satkowski.
		The Italian general election of 2001 : Berlusconi's victory / edited by James Newell.
		Italian politics : the return of Berlusconi / edited by Paolo Bellucci and Martin Bull.
	www.library.unt.edu /newacqs/2003_02/titleI.htm (1198 words)

	RTE News - Berlusconi rival concedes defeat in general election (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		His centre-right alliance won a narrow majority in the upper house of parliament in the general election yesterday and is projected to win a larger surplus in the lower house.
		The leader of the centre-left, Francesco Rutelli, earlier conceded defeat in the election.
		Enzo Bianco added that the delays were caused by the cost-cutting measure to reduce the number of polling stations by a third.
	www.rte.ie /news/2001/0514/italy.html (275 words)

	Elections and Electoral Systems by Country
		The Center for Voting and Democracy is dedicated to fair elections where every vote counts and all voters are represented.
		General Elections in the Republic of Northern Cyprus, December 2003
		National Electoral Committee has information in English on the Parliamentary Elections of 1995 and 1999, and the local elections of 1996, plus an overview of elections from 1989-1996.
	www.psr.keele.ac.uk /election.htm (1369 words)

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