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Topic: Italian orders of merit

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Civil War

	Axis Allies and Foreign Legions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Italian Army, though unprepared for war, crossed the border in an attempt to reap the spoils.
		It would be a long road for the Italian soldier, who fought the length of the war often with courage but almost always with inferior equipment.
		Due to Italy’s withdrawal from the war and subsequent surrender, the wear of all Italian awards was prohibited in orders distributed dated March 29th, 1944.
	www.wehrmacht-awards.com /related/axis_allies/italian_awards.htm (717 words)

	Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus - Regalis
		As an Italian Catholic sovereign and able soldier, he was interested in preventing the spread of the Reformation's political influence within his dominions, though the House of Savoy had always demonstrated a particular tolerance for persecuted, and therefore less influential, religious minorities such as the Waldensians and Jews.
		A closer analogy may be made to the Order of Saint Stephen of Tuscany, a dynastic institution likewise enlisted in the naval wars of the Mediterranean, and viewed by the Papacy in the same light as the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus.
		The Italian Republic still confers this medal, it being one of the few decorations of the Kingdom's orders of knighthood that was not suppressed in Italy after the fall of the monarchy.
	www.regalis.com /reg/mauriziano.htm (4178 words)

	Kingdom of Atlantia Orders and Awards
		Order of the Pearl: given to those subjects of the kingdom who have distinguished themselves by their efforts and willingness to teach others the arts and sciences of the period, and/or those who have achieved excellence in the arts and sciences of the period.
		All past members of the Order of the King's Missiliers (prior to Feb 7, 2003), the Order of the Nimrod (closed), and the Award of the Yew Bow (closed) are considered to be members of this order.
		The badge of the order is: (fieldless) A kraken Or.
	www.pbm.com /~lindahl/jessa/atlantia.html (1775 words)

	Kingdom of AEthelmearc Orders and Awards
		The order's badge is: (Fieldless) On a gauntlet sable, an escarbuncle Or.
		Order of the White Scarf: given to recognize accomplishments of the fencers of Æthelmearc. Members of the order are entitled to wear on their left shoulder a white scarf with the badge of Æthelmearc: Gules, an escarbuncle argent within a bordure Or.
		The order's badge is: Or, on a keystone gules an escarbuncle argent.
	www.pbm.com /~lindahl/jessa/aethelmearc.html (994 words)

	Italy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Italian Republic or Italy (Italian: Repubblica Italiana or Italia) is a country in southern Europe.
		The architect of Italian unification was Count Camillo Benso di Cavour, the Chief Minister of Victor Emmanuel.
		On June 2, 1946, a referendum on the monarchy resulted in the establishment of the Italian republic, which led to the adoption of a new constitution on January 1, 1948.
	italy.iqnaut.net (1373 words)

	Italian orders of merit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		There are currently five Italian orders of merit that recognize contributions to the Italian nation.
		The lowest of the five ranks of the order, Knight, may also be awarded for peacetime activities.
		The Stella della Solidarietà Italiana was originally instituted in 1947 to recognize the achievements of those Italians and foreigners who had played a distinguished role in the reconstruction of Italy after World War II.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Italian_orders_of_merit (236 words)

	History of Orders of Chivalry
		Orders of chivalry, like the Church in general, were recipients of many donations, often in the form of land (e.g., a lord would become a knight and give his possessions to his order).
		At this point, then, orders of chivalry are an association of individuals, typically members of the knightly class, committing themselves through solemn vows to obey the rules and statutes of a religious order and to engage as professional soldiers in a permanent religious war, but also in religious and charitable activities.
		The Order of Saint-Louis was a transparent allusion to Louis XIV disguised as a religious dedication, but Maria-Theresa was the first to be explicit; she was followed by Charles III, and in the 19th century by many sovereigns (queens in particular).
	www.heraldica.org /topics/orders/ordhist.htm (5189 words)

	HIstory of the Order
		The Order Pour le mérite für Wissenschaften und Künste was founded by King Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia in 1842.
		The order was the first civilian order of merit of its kind to be established in Europe.
		Harnack had been elected nevertheless for his achievements as a "church historian." In his role as chancellor of the order, Harnack suggested that the order be reconstituted as a "free association of outstanding scholars and artists".
	www.orden-pourlemerite.de /history.htm (614 words)

	Order of Christ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		During his office the Order was reformed by John, Bishop of Lamego, in 1449, with the approval of Pope Eugene IV Prince Henry was succeeded in the governorship of the Order by his nephew and adopted son Prince Ferdinand, son of King Edward I, who died in 1470.
		The Orders of Christ, Aviz and St. James were awarded in the Kingdom of Brazil after the departure of King John VI to Lisbon in 1821, by Prince Peter under the authority and by delegation of his father at least, until the declaration of independence of Brazil, in 1822 [4].
		The Star of the Order is a multi-pointed star in gold (in silver for Commanders), with asymmetrical rays, charged with the Badge of the Order upon a medallion enameled silver, within a garlanded wreath of laurel in gold.
	www.jvarnoso.com /orders/orderchrist.html (2298 words)

	Italian Medals
		The Order of St. Maurice was established in 1434 by Amedeo VIII of Savoy (during his stay in the Ripaglia hermitage near Thonon) and so called after Maurice, the brave Captain of the Legio Tebea who was martyred in 286 a.d, altogether with his legionnaires for having refused to worship the Imperator Marco Aurelio.
		With the fall of monarchy the order, being considered national, and not of dynastic property, was discontinued and replaced in 1951 by the Meritorious Order of the Republic of Italy ("Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana").
		The cross of the Order is made of fl bronze, with four equal and pointed arms ("aiguisée") embellished by laurel wreaths in relief; the obverse of the cross bears a star encircled by the inscription "ORDINE DI VITTORIO VENETO", while the reverse is decorated by an "Adrian" helmet.
	www.gwpda.org /medals/italmedl/italy.html (2650 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for merit
		octane number figure of merit representing the resistance of gasoline to premature detonation when exposed to heat and pressure in the combustion chamber of an internal-combustion engine.
		His lyric verse was not of lasting merit, but he excelled as a storyteller.
		Merit pay can be a hard sell.(includes related articles on the application of merit pay programs in Bismarck, North Dakota, Greensboro, North Carolina, and Shreveport, Louisiana)(Cover Story)
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=merit (655 words)

	Orders, Decorations and Medals - Medals by Country - Medals of Italy
		Thanks to his work, more than 1500 Italian bodies lost in the desert, together with more than 300 hundred of other nationalities were found, together with another 1000 nameless ones, were identified and returned with the others, to the memory, compassion, and love of their nearest and dearest.
		Italian President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi has bestowed the decoration of Cavaliere of the Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana to Joseph Eynaud in recognition of his dedication to the Italian language in Malta for over 20 years.
		The President of the Italian Republic Carlo Azeglio Ciampi will be awarding a golden medal for civil merit to the children of Filippo Palieri, who died in the Wietzendorf lager after preventing the transportation in 1943 of a group of Rieti artisans to a concentration camp.
	www.geocities.com /giseleleblanc1/Italy.htm (5619 words)

	Lorenzo Da Ponte Italian Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		His writings span the fields of economics, history, politics, philosophy, and law, and address topics as diverse as the nature of chemistry, the construction of railways and the study of language and literature.
		This anthology, which was originally published in Italian in 1922, contains a selection of these writings chosen by the historian and political theorist Gaetano Salvemini, a fierce critic of fascism who was active in organizing the Resistance during his exile in the United States in the 1930s.
		For it is Cattaneo's great merit to have seldom lost sight of the need to understand how people try to make sense of their world and the possibilities available to advance human progress.
	www.humnet.ucla.edu /humnet/italian/lpil/forthcoming.html (3088 words)

	Order of Merit (disambiguation) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Order of Merit of the Central African Republic
		Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
		Order of Merit of the Principality of Liechtenstein
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Order_of_Merit_(disambiguation) (166 words)

	Glossary of Terms
		- of or pertaining to chivalry (esp. sense 3) or to orders of chivalry.
		- 1) of or pertaining to knighthood or orders of chivalry and knighthood.
		- also equestrian or crusading orders; religious orders of chivalry, such as the Order of the Hospital and the Order of the Temple, founded in the Middle Ages for the defence of pilgrims or the care of the sick.
	www.regalis.com /glossary.htm (2851 words)

	Candida Martinelli's Italophile Site(Italian Theatre 1860)
		Comments on the Italian style of performance known as Commedia dell'Arte, in which the back-stage is not hidden from the audience, and the strength of the play rests solely on shoulders of the actors.
		I have seen excellent acting at the Venetian theatres, both in the modern Italian comedy, which is very rich and good, and in the elder plays of Goldoni--compositions deliciously racy when seen in Venice, where alone their admirable fidelity of drawing and coloring can be perfectly appreciated.
		The dramatic spirit of the Italian race seems to communicate itself to the puppets, and they perform their parts with a fidelity to theatrical unnaturalness which is wonderful.
	italophiles.com /italian_theatre_in_the_1860.htm (2034 words)

	France Orders
		Established by Louis XI 1.8.1469 in response to the founding of the Burgundian order of the Golden Fleece.
		This order was never realized, but was intended by Napoleon to unite the Austrian and Spanish orders with a new French one that would be reserved for the most exceptional heros of his armies.
		Institued by an order of General de Gaulle, its one and only Grand Master, 16.11.1940, to recompense those who distinguished themselves in the liberation of France and her Empire.
	www.antiquesatoz.com /orders/fraord.htm (769 words)

	civil and military decorations — FactMonster.com
		Orders of knighthood, such as the Order of the Bath and the Order of the Garter, still exist in Great Britain.
		British orders created in modern times—e.g., the Distinguished Service Order (1886), the Royal Victorian Order (1896), the Order of Merit (1902), and the Order of the British Empire (1917)—are decorations for civil and military service rather than true feudal orders.
		Most European orders are graded in several classes, and the stars, crosses, ribbons, and other insignia corresponding to different classes vary greatly in aspect and value.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/history/A0814938.html (479 words)

	Merit and Affirmative Action
		In fact, merit today is a principal means by which empowered people, ones who have been to the best colleges, taken the same tests together, know each other, and talk the same way, ensure that they and their class remain in charge.
		Disbursed merit is the idea that society is capable, in many ways, of distributing qualities and skills that are constitutive of the very idea of merit.
		Once society develops the means radically to increase a person's merit in a particular regard- whether it be intelligence, strength, beauty, analytical ability, or health-it becomes pointless to continue to distribute the benefit based on the preexisting possession of that very same attribute.
	academic.udayton.edu /race/04needs/affirm02.htm (11820 words)

	Italian Real Estate - Guide to locating & purchasing real estate in Italy
		Italian: Italia) is a country in the south of Europe, consisting mainly of a boot-shaped peninsula together with two large islands in the Mediterranean Sea:
		Italian Real Estate - Some of Europe's best kept secrets are found in Italy, luxurious property of prestige, villas with spectacular views of the Mediterranean Sea.
		Italian Living - Contrasting perspectives of Italian Living Magazine - cultural lifestyles of modern day Italians and how the Internet is influencing this.
	italian-realestate.com (3050 words)

	SHAPE Biographies
		Upon completion he was ordered to the Italian Army General Staff, where he served as Staff Officer within the Infrastructure Branch.
		In 1987 he was selected to attend the Italian Army Superior Staff Course at the end of which, in 1988, he was reassigned to the Army General Staff.
		MG Ruggeri’s personal decorations include: Officer of the Order of Merit of Republic of Italy, Knight of the Order of Merit of St. Gregorio Magno, Silver Cross for Operations in Bosnia, Bronze Medal for Command and Gold Cross for Seniority of Duty.
	www.nato.int /shape/bios/dcos/ruggeri.htm (484 words)

	Order Sons of Italy in America
		Eligibility: U.S. citizens of Italian descent (at least one Italian or Italian American grandparent) enrolled in an undergraduate or graduate program at a four-year, accredited academic institution for the Fall 2007 term.
		Eligibility: U.S. citizens of Italian descent (at least one Italian or Italian American grandparent) in their senior year of high school and planning to attend a four-year, accredited academic institution for the Fall 2007 term.
		Eligibility: U.S. citizens of Italian descent (at least one Italian or Italian American grandparent) in their junior or senior year of undergraduate study for the Fall 2007 term, majoring or minoring in Italian language studies at an accredited academic institution.
	www.osia.org /public/scholarships/grants.asp (991 words)

	Decorations of the Empire of Ethiopia
		Ethiopian troops fought the Italian invaders in 1935-36, in guerrilla campaigns thereafter, and alongside the British in the 1941 campaign which finally threw the Italians out of Ethiopia.
		Some Imperial orders continued to be awarded by the royal family in exile.
		The Military Medal of Merit of the Order of St. George was a decoration for gallantry and distinguished military service that ranked highest among military decorations and usually came immediately after orders.
	home.att.net /~david.danner/militaria/ethiopia.htm (724 words)

	Lomeli's Italian Restaurant: Home
		Italian Restaurant is the premiere Italian Restaurant in Fullerton.
		Italian Restaurant was honored with the "award for restaurants and individuals whose standars of quality and service are found to be of special merit!".
		Italian Restaurant is also well-known for its hot dinner take-out Party Trays.
	www.lomelisrestaurant.com (318 words)

	Italian Air Force - Photos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Italian Royal Air Marshal Italo Balbo on his visit to the German Luftwaffe has been awarded the Nazi Pilot-Observer badge.
		His rank is 2nd Lt (one star on the cuff of the left sleeve) and his Chepi bears the correct arm badge of the engineers, which, along with the artillery and cavalry, was the branch many early pilots came from.
		This Royal Italian Pilot shows off his sense of humor with spectacular art work of his squadron on his quite rare Summer issue pilot's "cuffia".
	www.ww2wings.com /wings/italy/italyphotos.shtml (902 words)

	Italy Orders
		The Order of Saint Maurice was established by Duke Amadeo VIII of Savoy in 1434.
		The annual Chapiter is held in September at the Abbey of Saint Maurice at Valois.
		Replaced the two monarchial Orders, the Order of Saint Maurice and Saint Lazarus and the Order of the Crown.
	www.antiquesatoz.com /orders/itaord.htm (272 words)

	Italy - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		Male members of the royal family were sent into exile because of their association with the fascist regime, and were only allowed to return to their country in 2002.
		Legislative bills may originate in either house and must be passed by a majority in both.
		Football is the main national sport and the Italians are well known for their passion for this sport.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=14532 (1355 words)

	Wither Nepal: Dr. Dilli Raman Regmi - Free, online, full text
		Therein lies the sin of the rulers who perpetuated this sterility in order to facilitate the continuance of their outdated regime resting on the weakness of the ruled in an atmosphere of poverty and ignorance.
		In another context all the high dignities, ranks and posts of responsibility are reserved for the aristocrats, many in hereditary order of succession, which has greatly curtailed and limited the scope of advancement of the average citizen of the land ruled by them.
		In 1936 the Prime Minister of Nepal received Dutch and Italian orders of merit and a year later the Nazi no.1 Hitler, the German Chancellor, honored him with the Star of Lion and sent his compliments to the leader of the brave Gorkha race, German's Asian counterpart.
	www.dilliramanregmi.org /withernepal/chapter1.html (11616 words)

	Italian Royal Couple Attend The American Foundation of Savoy Orders’ Ballo di Savoia to Help Raise Funds for the ...
		The American Delegation of Savoy Orders, which includes the United States of America and Canada, is part of the Dynastic Orders of the Royal House of Savoy, among the oldest orders of chivalry in the world.
		His Royal Highness responded by saying how happy he and his wife were to be with members of the American Delegation and the donors to the Foundation, and thanked the hosts and the guests for their warm welcome to New York.
		Robert La Rocca, presented diplomas and insignia of the Savoy Orders to several honorees who were not able to travel to Geneva to receive them at the Capitolo Generale (Annual Convocation) of the Orders.
	www.emediawire.com /releases/2006/1/emw329008.htm (1253 words)

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