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Topic: Italian sonnet

	Sonnet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Italian sonnet was probably invented by Giacomo da Lentini, head of the Sicilian School under Frederick II.
		His sonnets and those of his contemporary the Earl of Surrey were chiefly translations from the Italian of Petrarch and the French of Ronsard and others.
		In the 17th century, the sonnet was adapted to other purposes, with John Donne and George Herbert writing religious sonnets, and John Milton using the sonnet as a general meditative poem.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sonnet (1497 words)

	Poetry Form - The Sonnet.
		Initially, the Sonnet appeared in the early thirteenth century at the Sicilian court of Frederick II (King of Sicily (1197-1250) and Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (1197-1250)).
		The Italian (or Petrarchan) Sonnet developed from the Sicilian Sonnet, by using envelope rhyme (instead of the alternating rhyme of the Sicilian Sonnet) in the octave.
		Terza Rima Sonnet: A sonnet in terza rima (aba bcb cdc ded ee).
	www.baymoon.com /%7Eariadne/form/sonnet.htm (2947 words)

	The Sonnet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A sonnet is a fourteen-line poem in iambic pentameter with a carefully patterned rhyme scheme.
		The Italian form, in some ways the simpler of the two, usually projects and develops a subject in the octave, then executes a turn at the beginning of the sestet, which means that the sestet must in some way release the tension built up in the octave.
		In addition, many Shakespearean sonnets seem to have a turn at line nine and another at the final couplet; and if a couplet closes an Italian sonnet, it is usually because the poet wanted the epigrammatic effec t more characterstic of the Shakespearean form.
	www.utm.edu /departments/english/everett/sonnet.htm (574 words)

	What exactly is a sonnet
		Sonnet, lyric poem of 14 lines with a formal rhyme scheme, expressing different aspects of a single thought, mood, or feeling, resolved or summed up in the last lines of the poem.
		Originally short poems accompanied by mandolin or lute music, sonnets are generally composed in the standard metre of the language in which they were written—iambic pentameter in English, the Alexandrine in French, for example.
		The Petrarchan sonnet consists of an octave, or eight-line stanza, and a sestet, or six-line stanza.
	www.englisch.schule.de /so_net/sondefin.htm (578 words)

	About the Sonnet
		Originating in Italy, the sonnet was established by Petrarch in the 14th century as a major form of love poetry, and came to be adopted in Spain, France and England in the 16th century, and in Germany in the 17th.
		The standard subject-matter of early sonnets was the torments of sexual love (usually within a courtly love convention), but in the 17th century John Donne extended the sonnet's scope to religion, while Millton extended it to politics.
		Although largely neglected in the 18th century, the sonnet was revived in the 19th by Wordsworth, Keats, and Baudelaire, and is still widely used.
	www.english.uiuc.edu /maps/sonnet.htm (874 words)

	Shakespearean sonnet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Shakespearean sonnet, also called the Elizabethan or English sonnet, is a sonnet comprising three quatrains and a final couplet in iambic pentameter with the rhyme scheme abab cdcd efef gg.
		It was derived from the older Petrarchan or Italian sonnet.
		Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, created early examples in the 16th century, but the form is strongly associated with William Shakespeare because of his authorship of a famed collection published in 1609 (see Shakespeare's sonnets).
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Shakespearean_sonnet (123 words)

	§6. Sir Philip Sidney’s "Astorphel and Stella". XII. The Elizabethan Sonnet. Vol. 3. Renascence and ...
		Sidney’s sonnets rehearse a poetic passion, to which the verse of Petrarch and his disciples supplied the leading cue.
		Both in his Apologie for Poetrie and in his sonnets, Sidney describes with scorn the lack of sincerity and the borrowed artifices of diction, which were inherent in the sonneteering habit.
		It was, indeed, with the posthumous publication of Sidney’s sonnet-sequence, Astrophel and Stella, in 1591, that a sonneteering rage began in Elizabethan England.
	www.bartleby.com /213/1206.html (1607 words)

	The Sonnet Form
		The original form of the sonnet, according to [Williams86], was the Italian sonnet, developed by the fourteenth-century poet Petrarch.
		Some English sonnets develop through a series of three examples in three quatrains with a conclusion in the couplet." So the content of an English Sonnet is not coupled as closely to the form as it is in the Italian Sonnet.
		One of the interesting elements of Shakespeare's sonnets is the "enjambment" of "phrases" with "sonnet lines." This is done frequently in Shakespeare's plays (which use a great deal of non-rhymed iambic pentameter, a form known as "blank verse"); less frequently in the sonnets.
	members.tripod.com /%7Echarleswolff/ROTS/r1.html (559 words)

	Renaissance Sonnets
		Petrarch (1304-1374) is considered "the first writer of the Renaissance." Although his Italian sonnets rely on courtly love conventions, the Renaissance sees a sort of codification of the material and certainly of the form.
		The Italian sonnet functions as an act of intuition complete in itself, seeking to crystalize a tender state of being.
		Although written in 1582 and circulating privately, it was not published until 1591 at which point it inaugurated the sonnet vogue with its standard themes: insistence on originality and disclaimers of conventionality, the lady's coldness, the poet's despair, the lady's beauties, invocations to sleep, the immortality of the verse.
	www.wsu.edu /~delahoyd/ren.sonnets.html (731 words)

	Harvard University Press/The Art of Shakespeare's Sonnets/Vendler/Sonnet 1 Analysis
		The different rhetorical moments of this sonnet (generalizing reflection, reproach, injunction, prophecy) are permeable to one another's metaphors, so that the rose of philosophical reflection yields the bud of direct address, and the famine of address yields the glutton who, in epigram, eats the world's due.
		The sonnet can be seen, in sum, as an index to the rest of the sonnets, or as a diapason of the notes of the sequence.
		Shakespeare's commitment to profusion in this sonnet is visible as well in the way in which two alternate readings, one inorganic and one organic, are given of the young man's refusal to breed: he is a candle contracted to the flame of his bright eyes; or he is a rose refusing to unfold his bud.
	www.hup.harvard.edu /features/venart/sonnet1_com.html (1878 words)

	Write a Sonnet
		The Italian form is distinguished by its division into the octave and the sestet: the octave consisting of eight lines rhyming abbaabba, and the sestet consisting of six lines rhyming cdecde, cdccdc, or cdedce.
		The typical rhyme-scheme for the English sonnet is abab cdcd efef gg.
		Gradually the Italian sonnet pattern was changed, and since Shakespeare attained fame for the greatest poems of this modified type, his name has often been given to the English form.
	www.yk.psu.edu /~jmj3/cre_sonn.htm (655 words)

	Sonnet
		Though the sonnet is a form that can be experimented with, it has remained true to its original length of fourteen lines and its Anglicized meter of iambic pentameter.
		The sonnet can be thematically divided into two sections: the first presents the theme, raises an issue or doubt, and the second part answers the question, resolves the problem, or drives home the poem's point.
		Italian (Petrarchan)- this sonnet is split into two parts, an octave and a sestet.
	www.uni.edu /~gotera/CraftOfPoetry/sonnet.html (788 words)

	Sonnet: Key Points
		The sonnet is an example of accentual-syllabic verse.
		One of the easiest ways to recognize a sonnet is to count the number of lines.
		Rhyme scheme and meter vary depending on the type of sonnet, but if a poem has fourteen lines, it is a clue that the poem may be sonnet or is evoking some aspect of the sonnet.
	www.cranberrydesigns.com /poetry/sonnet/keypoints.htm (118 words)

	The UVic Writer's Guide: Sonnet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A sonnet is a fourteen-line lyric poem in a single stanza, in which lines of iambic pentameter are linked by an elaborate rhyme scheme.
		The structure of the English sonnet usually follows the Petrarchan, or explores variations on a theme in the first three quatrains and concludes with an epigrammatic.
		Though sonnets began as love poetry and were introduced to England as such by Thomas Wyatt, the form was extended to other subjects and other structures by Donne, Milton and later writers such as Keats, Dylan Thomas, and e.
	web.uvic.ca /wguide/Pages/LTSonnet.html (215 words)

	The amazing web site of Shakespeare's Sonnets
		All the sonnets are provided here, with descriptive commentary attached to each one, giving explanations of difficult and unfamiliar words and phrases, and with a full analysis of any special problems of interpretation which arise.
		Sonnets by other Elizabethan poets are also included, Spenser, Sidney, Drayton and a few other minor authors.
		Sonnets which were published and probably written before Shakespeare's, and influenced both the material he used and the arrangement of his sonnet sequence.
	www.shakespeares-sonnets.com (1131 words)

	The Sonnet in the Twentieth Century by Anthony Robinson \| Première Issue \| Able Muse - a review of metrical poetry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		While the sonnet’s heyday was the Elizabethan era, when as P. Frye notes, "...there were more than 300,000 Sonnets produced in Western Europe...particularly those of an amorous nature," in the Twentieth century, particularly in recent years, the sonnet has come back into fashion, practiced by a large number of contemporary poets.
		Cummings’ genius is making these sonnets seem "un-sonnetlike." Working extensively within the form but refusing to be mastered by it, he created poems of soaring beauty that stretched the definition of the sonnet, while attesting to its elevance in a modern age.
		The sonnet in the Twentieth century is alive and well, spanning the gamut from the strictly traditional to the experimental, at times barely recognizable but for the line count.
	www.ablemuse.com /premiere/arobinson_essay.htm (2617 words)

	Basic Sonnet Forms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A sonnet is fundamentally a dialectical construct which allows the poet to examine the nature and ramifications of two usually contrastive ideas, emotions, states of mind, beliefs, actions, events, images, etc., by juxtaposing the two against each other, and possibly resolving or just revealing the tensions created and operative between the two.
		The basic meter of all sonnets in English is iambic pentameter (basic information on iambic pentameter), although there have been a few tetrameter and even hexameter sonnets, as well.
		This change occurs at the beginning of L9 in the Italian sonnet and is called the volta, or "turn"; the turn is an essential element of the sonnet form, perhaps the essential element.
	www.sonnets.org /basicforms.htm (1653 words)

	WRITING A SONNET by David B. Axelrod
		Sonnets are written in measured units, "feet," which are called "iambs." Sonnets are "iambic." Each line of a sonnet contains five regular iambic units or feet.
		The logic of sonnets: From the rhyme scheme above, you may have noticed that your sonnet will be divided into three quatrains (three stanzas of four lines each) and a couplet (your last two rhymed lines).
		Whether you wish to organize your sonnet as a story or follow a certain logic, you will be writing a substantial poem.
	www.poetrydoctor.org /sonnet.htm (1413 words)

	Roamer's Zone: February 2005 Archives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Sonnet in the Twentieth Century by Anthony Robinson.
		In the first line of this sonnet Shakespeare opens with his main point of the poem which is the comparrison of a woman (or someone he is infatuated with) to a summer's day.
		The rhyme scheme of thie particular sonnet was the same as sonnet 18 and stayed consistent with Shakespeare's patterns of writing poetry and the italian formatted sonnet.
	blogs.setonhill.edu /LeslieRodriguez/2005_02.html (4793 words)

	Reading a Poem: Background for Sonnet 116
		For instance, in any English sonnet, lines 8-9 and 11-12 are traditionally places where the thought turns or the tone shifts.
		For example, in sonnets, every even-numbered syllable in the 10-syllable lines is supposed to be somewhat louder than the syllable before and after it.
		The variation tells us that her glance is significant--plus the two lines spent describing her glance--plus the fact that this is the last (and climactic) image before the poet turns to his grief for her removal from him by death.
	vccslitonline.cc.va.us /sonnet116/reading.htm (1460 words)

	Poetry Life and Times, Vallance Review, October 2003
		This is one of the commonest conceits in Renaissance sonnet literature, which crops up with almost frightening, clock-work regularity in the sonnets of the likes of Sir Philip Sidney, Edmund Spenser, Michael Drayton and certainly Samuel Daniel.
		Sonnet 73 is perhaps one of the most belovèd of the lot, all 154, bar few.
		With the possible exception of Petrarch and a few other early Italian sonneteers, poets would have surely composed their sonnets first, and these would then, if at all, be set to musical scores, invariably by someone else, a troubadour, musician or composer.
	www.poetrylifeandtimes.com /valrevw26.html (3686 words)

	Italian Sonnet
		Of the more precisely defined variations of the form that we have today, the oldest is the Italian Sonnet, also known as the Petrarchan Sonnet, after its creator, Francesco Petrarca.
		It had no set structure originally and it was only after its adoption by the English that defined the Italian Sonnet to be of Iambic pentameter and consist of an octave, or 8-line stanza, followed by a sestet, or 6-line stanza.
		The Italian sestet consists of two tercets (of 3 lines) with the rhyme scheme..
	www.thepoetsgarret.com /sonnet/italian.html (277 words)

	Italian Sonnet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		First, read carefully the section on sonnets in Kennedy's text (614-618).
		I will also ask you to read the poem aloud to the class and may ask you to comment on how easy/difficult you found it to fit your ideas into this fixed form.
		Alternatively, the sestet could follow just about any other pattern containing c and d rhymes or c, d, and e rhymes so long as the sonnet does NOT end in a couplet (two lines with the same rhyme).
	faculty.okwu.edu /DrE/intro-to-lit/BC-Italian-Sonnet.htm (259 words)

	Literary Terms
		In English, generally the two basic kinds of sonnets are the Italian or Petrarchan sonnet and the Shakespearean or Elizabethan sonnet.
		The Italian/Petrarchan sonnet is named after Petrarch, an Italian Renaissance poet.
		The Petrarian sonnet tends to divide the thought into two parts; the Shakespearean, into four.
	academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu /english/melani/lit_term.html (3013 words)

	A Brief History of the Sonnet for Sonnet 116
		By the 1200's, the sonnet form (from the Italian sonneto, "little song") was set well enough to be defined as Italian poets were writing them: 14 lines are divided into an 8-line problem statement that is resolved in the last 6 lines.
		Although there is still an echo of the shift in tone in lines 8-9, the last two lines of the English sonnet rhyme together and cap off the previous 12 lines.
		Usually about love, sonnets often are written about beauty but also about the effects of time and mortality.
	vccslitonline.cc.va.us /sonnet116/history.htm (462 words)

	2b. The Italian Sonnet Meets English Talent [Beyond Books - From Beowulf to Virginia Woolf]
		The rules for the Italian sonnet were strict: 14 lines in two stanzas.
		The sonnet in Shakespeare's hands would evolve so much that it came to be called the "Shakespearean" or "English" sonnet, as distinguished from the "Italian" or "Petrarchan" sonnet.
		But by the second half of the century, when Shakespeare came along, the sonnet had helped shape it into an elegant and sturdy coach that could carry his highest sentiments to his loves, and to all posterity.
	www.beyondbooks.com /leu11/2b.asp (783 words)

	Poetry Life and Times, Vallance Review, August, 2003
		The Tension of the Lyre: Poetry in Shakespeare’s Sonnets.
		The Legacy of Francesco Petrarch and Sir Thomas Wyatt: an Historical Perspective The Advent of the Petrarchan or "terza rima" Sonnet in English, ca.
		Les sonnets de Ronsard et de Baudelaire sont tous les deux publiés en français et traduits en sonnets anglais par Richard Vallance.
	www.poetrylifeandtimes.com /valrevw24.html (6234 words)

	How to Write a Sonnet - eHow.com
		The sonnet, a 14-line poem, has two main types: English (or Shakespearean) and Italian (or Petrarchan).
		Write the three quatrains with an a-b-a-b, c-d-c-d, e-f-e-f rhyme scheme, where each letter stands for a line of the sonnet and the last words of all lines with the same letter rhyme with each other.
		In the Italian sonnet, use an a-b-b-a-a-b-b-a rhyme scheme for the first section (called the 'octave'), and a rhyme scheme of c-d-e-c-d-e or c-d-c-d-c-d in the second section (called the 'sestet').
	www.ehow.com /how_3335_write-sonnet.html (484 words)

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