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Topic: Italian unification

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Italian Republic

Birth of the Italian Republic

Giuseppe Garibaldi

Italian Independence wars

Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)

Papal States

Count Cavour

Kingdom of Sardinia

Victor Emmanuel II of Italy

Cavour

Count Camillo Benso di Cavour

Kingdom of Italy

Giuseppe Mazzini

Camillo Benso, conte di Cavour

	Italian Unification
		An insurrection in 1848 caused pope Pius IX to flee Rome and a republic was proclaimed.
		Napoleon's growing concern with respect to the sudden (large) size of his neighbor was resolved in part by the cessation of the Sardinian provinces of Savoy, near the Alps, and Nice, on the Mediterranean coast to France in 1860.
		The Italian kingdom was missing Rome, which was still a papal possession, and Venice, which was controlled by the Austrians.
	www.arcaini.com /ITALY/ItalyHistory/ItalianUnification.htm (1463 words)

	Italian Unification - MSN Encarta
		Many Italians had admired Napoleon for his victories over the Austrians, whom the Italians disliked, and for the republican ideas that took root in the parts of Italy controlled by the French during the Napoleonic Wars.
		The second was the Papal States, the principality under the sovereignty of the pope; the Papal States straddled the center of the peninsula, cutting the north off from the south.
		In spite of a heroic defense by the Italian nationalist revolutionary leader Giuseppe Garibaldi, the new republic in Rome was destroyed by French intervention in July 1849.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761580632/Italian_Unification.html (1448 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Italian Unification (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Italian Unification was a historical process by which the Kingdom of Sardinia (ruled by Savoy dynasty - capital Turin) conquered the Italian peninsula with the inclusion (among others) of the Kingdom of Two Sicilies.
		The first part of this process ended in 1860 with the declaration of the Kingdom of Italy; the unification was completed by the conquest of of Rome, capital of the Papal States, on September 20, 1870.
		Note: Current Italian territory is mainly the same of 1870, it has been little modified after WWI, after WWII and during the 1950s (political extension over the former protectorate of Trieste).
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/it/Italian_Unification (2832 words)

	Italians
		The first Italian parish, the Church of the Assumption on the Near North Side, was established in 1881.
		Italian women and men constituted a substantial segment of the labor force in the clothing and garment industry and helped found the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America.
		That the roots of Italian ethnicity in Chicago remain deeply buried in the soil of the paesi is demonstrated by the survival and revival of the religious festivals, which take place throughout the summer months.
	www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org /pages/658.html (1525 words)

	Italian unification (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Italian unification (called in Italian the Risorgimento, or "Resurgence") was the political and social process that unified disparate countries of the Italian peninsula into the single nation of Italy between the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century.
		At the time, the struggle for Italian unification was perceived to be waged primarily against the Austrian Empire and the Habsburgs, since they directly controlled the predominantly Italian-speaking northeastern part of present day Italy and were the single most powerful force against unification.
		Italian unification was completed at the end of World War I with the annexation of Trieste and Trento, with the respective territories of Friuli Venezia Giulia and Trentino.
	www.dejavu.org /cgi-bin/get.cgi?ver=93&url=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.gourt.com%2F%3Farticle%3DRisorgimento%26type%3Den (5070 words)

	Italian unification - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Italian unification (Italian: Risorgimento) was the political and social process that unified disparate countries of the Italian peninsula into the single nation of Italy between the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century.
		At the time, the struggle for Italian unification was perceived to be waged primarily against the Austrian Empire and the Hapsburgs, since they directly controlled northeastern Italy and were the single most powerful force against unification.
		Italian unification was completed at the end of World War I with the annexation of Trieste and Trento, with the respective territories of Friuli Venezia Giulia and Trentino.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Italian_unification (3835 words)

	Defining nationalism
		Italian unification was a reaction against the Congress of Vienna, which imposed direct Austrian rule in many Italian states, and indirect Austrian control over others, such as Piedmont.
		Unification was also supported by conservative politicians because it facilitated economic development, as northern Italy was undergoing industrialization and unification would lead to a larger market, more uniform currency, manufacturing standards, transportation, and reduction or elimination of tariffs.
		He remained a political activist for Italian unification even though he did not participate in the eventual Italian unification completed by 1871.
	www.iun.edu /~hisdcl/h114_2002/italianunification.htm (529 words)

	National Unification
		Italian Unification is referred to in Italian as the Risorgimento.
		The architect of it was Count Camillo di Cavour the chief minister to the King of Piedmont-Sardinia, Victor Emmanuel.
		Cavour did not romanticize Italian Unification like Giuseppe Mazzini, but rather was more practical and his primary concerns was to increase the power of Sardinia.
	ap_history_online.tripod.com /apeh10j.htm (1427 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Unification
		A former papal minister, Minghettiâ”a liberal conservativeâ”became a supporter of Italian unification as a result of his association with Count Cavour, under whom he served in the foreign office of the kingdom of Sardinia and as minister of the interior.
		It was dissolved by the Allies in 1945.
		With the completed unification of Italy in 1870, the papacy objected to the Italian seizure of Rome and the Papal States.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Unification&StartAt=11 (839 words)

	History of the Italian Language
		The history of the Italian language is quite complex but the modern standard of the language was largely shaped by relatively recent events.
		Dante was the one who mixed southern Italian languages, especially Sicilian, with his native Tuscan ("supposed" to be derived from Etruscan and Oscan) in his epic poems known collectively as the Commedia, to which Giovanni Boccaccio later affixed the title Divina.
		Therefore, the language of Italian literature is modeled on that spoken in Florence in the 15th century.
	www.italianlanguageguide.com /italian/facts/history (469 words)

	Unification of Italy
		The Italian Unification or Italian Risorgimento is known as the chain of political and military events that produced a united Italian peninsula under the Kingdom of Italy in 1861.
		Some of the things that conflicted and interfered with the unification process were: Austrian control of Lombardy and Venice, several independent Italian states, the autonomy of the Papal States, and the limited power and influence of Italian leaders.
		Mazzini brought the campaign for unification into the mainstream when in 1831 he created Young Italy, a group created for the sole purpose to spread the ideas unification, revolutions, and republicanism.
	library.thinkquest.org /TQ0312582/unification.html (0 words)

	Marko Marelic, Italian unification, 1848-1870
		One was the sympathy and support given the movement for Italian unification in England and Prussia, and to a certain extent also by France.
		Under the circumstances of unification, carried forward to a large degree at the expense of the Papacy and the Papal States, the Vatican and its most devout supporters were bitter in their attitude toward the new monarchy.
		In spite of factional strife, financial distress, and economic poverty, all Italians were one in longing for the day when their brothers in the redeemed Austrian territories would be freed.
	www.korcula.net /history/mmarelic/italy.htm (4212 words)

	Italian Americans
		Italian mass migration coincided with the growth of a nativism that identified southern and eastern Europeans as undesirable elements.
		Italian Americans were strategically situated to take advantage of these economic shifts, being clustered in the urban areas where economic expansion took place and ready to move into higher education.
		Italian Americans were well-represented in city and state offices and had begun to penetrate the middle ranks of the federal government, especially the judicial system.
	www.everyculture.com /multi/Ha-La/Italian-Americans.html (10442 words)

	unification.html
		As Austria, the main barrier to Italian unification, was too powerful for the Italian states to tackle alone, Cavour sought alliances with other European states — the Italians helped Great Britain and France in the Crimean War in return for their promise of support.
		Italian unification was completed in 1866, during the Seven Weeks War, when Italy allied itself with the victorious Prussians and gained Venetia.
		Unification was ultimately accomplished not through the liberal reformers but by militaristic Prussia, the only German state strong enough to challenge Austria.
	www.loyno.edu /~seduffy/unification.html (2386 words)

	Royal Holloway : Department of Italian
		The contemporary Italian dramatist best known internationally is Dario Fo, who began as a scene designer and casual improviser of comic monologues for amateur groups in Milan, until in the early 1950s he established a political cabaret.
		This course will analyse the phases of the unification process from the impact of the Napoleonic wars, the struggle for independence from the foreign powers that ruled Italy in the Restoration period, and the wars of independence that finally brought about a united Italy in 1861.
		The Italian Society is organised and run by the students, and the success of the society depends very much on students' initiative and enthusiasm.
	www.rhul.ac.uk /Italian/Studying/Year1.html (5668 words)

	[No title]
		The unification movements of both countries took place at roughly the same time in the mid-19th century and were motivated by the same historical trends - that of liberalism and nationalism.
		Whereas Piedmont's prestige among Italians had been raised after the 1848 episode, no state in Germany increased her prestige in the eyes of liberals and nationalists.
		Yet, his greatest contribution to Italian unification was in the realm of diplomacy.
	www.thecorner.org /hists/assign/unif-compare.htm (1768 words)

	[No title]
		When the long struggle for Italian unification finally did succeed in the 1870s, it was under the leadership of the northerners and the Kingdom of Sardinia.
		Summary : In Sicily in 1860, as Italian unification grows inevitable, the smallest of gestures seems dense with meaning and melancholy, sensual agitation and disquiet: "Some huge irrational disaster is in the making." All around him, the prince, Don Fabrizio, witnesses the ruin of the class and inheritance that already disgust him.
		Italian unification and the condition of the South, conformity and resistance to Fascism, the making of the modern hero/heroine, and the crisis of identity.
	www.lycos.com /info/italian-unification--miscellaneous.html (331 words)

	A Brief History of the Italian Language
		In this sense, the history of the Italian language is a bit of anomaly among language histories: we have a continuous spectrum of 'proofs' of language change.
		Since the unification of 1861, Italy added to its ranks the states of Venice and of Rome, the latter later becoming the new capital.
		Although the use of the Florentine vernacular had been on the rise since the days of Dante, it still wasn't until 1928 that textbooks were published uniformly in Italian, and not until 1971 did the Catholic Church approve of an Italian Bible.
	linguistics.byu.edu /classes/ling450ch/reports/Italian2.html (1232 words)

	Risorgimento. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Italian literature of this period, especially the novels of Alessandro Manzoni and the marchese d’Azeglio and the poetry of Ugo Foscolo and Giacomo Leopardi, did much to stimulate Italian nationalism.
		The conservative and clerical elements among the nationalists generally advocated a federation of Italian states under the presidency of the pope.
		Italian unification was then complete, but unsatisfied nationalism continued to exist in the form of irredentism.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ri/Risorgim.html (805 words)

	The Significance of Garibaldi - History Forum
		To me, he was the brain behind the Italian unification, and he was every bit as cunning as Bismarck.
		Thousands of other Italian patriots and revolutionaries were influenced by Garibaldi's position, a fact that did much to enhance the fortunes of the Sardinian monarch and influence the course of Italian history.
		Piemonte/Savoy was in fact the only "free" Italian kingdom; the others in the north were occupied by Austria, and in the south by the Kingdom of Naples, one of the surviving creations of Napoleon, albeit a sad remnant of its former glory.
	www.simaqianstudio.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=920 (1916 words)

	Italian Unification Cartoons
		Related topics: italy, italian, italian nationalism, wars of unification, italian wars of unification, nationalism, unification, italian unification, victor emmanuel, emmanuel, king victor emmanuel, king emmanuel, king of sardinia, risorgimiento, boot, boots, king,
		Related topics: garibaldi, giuseppe garibaldi, italy, italian, italian nationalism, wars of unification, italian wars of unification, nationalism, nationalist, nationalists, unification, italian unification, risorgimento, café, cafes, genoa, genoese, carbonari, young italy,
		Related topics: garibaldi, giuseppe garibaldi, italy, italian, italian nationalism, wars of unification, italian wars of unification, nationalism, nationalist, nationalists, unification, italian unification, risorgimento, naples, capture of naples, red shirts, carbonari, young italy,
	www.cartoonstock.com /vintage/directory/i/italian_unification.asp (620 words)

	unification \| English \| Dictionary & Translation by Babylon
		In mathematical logic, in particular as applied to computer science, a unification of two terms is a join (in the lattice sense) with respect to a specialisation order.
		The unification u of s and t, if it exists, is a term that is a substitution instance of both s and t.
		The result of unification is either failure or success with a set of variable bindings, known as a "unifier".
	www.babylon.com /definition/unification (361 words)

	Italian Unification
		By 1848 revolts in favour of constitutions had shook the Italian states in 1820 /21 and 1830.
		The lesson had been learnt, that unification required the removal of Austria, and through the diplomacy of Count Camillo di Cavour, Prime Minister of Piedmont, and the leadership of the state of Piedmont itself, Austria was cast out of the majority of Italy by war in 1859.
		Rome finally became the Italian capital when it was invaded and ceded to Italy in 1870, with Italy taking advantage of the removal of French troops after the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870.
	www.sch.im /snhs/historyhpage/ks5euroit.html (320 words)

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