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	Italo Calvino - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Italo Calvino (October 15, 1923 – September 19, 1985) was an Italian writer and novelist.
		Vittorini's death in 1966 had a heavy influence on Calvino and caused him to experience what has been defined as an "intellectual depression", which the writer himself described as an important passage in his life: "...I ceased to be young.
		Calvino also had more intense contacts with the academic world, with notable experiences at the Sorbonne (with Barthes) and at Urbino's university.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Italo_Calvino (1382 words)

	Calvino (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Italo Calvino is a man who made each of life's "events" count, from his childhood to his death in 1985.
		Calvino was born "under the sign of Libra" in 1923, far from the European country where he would spend most of his life.
		Calvino and Vittorini became coeditors of Il Menabo di letteratura in 1959.
	www.uwgb.edu /galta/333/BIOS98/CALVINO.HTM (1194 words)

	Waggish: Italo Calvino on Musil and Gadda
		John Barth's article also mentioned Calvino's essay on "Multiplicity." It's a short piece on novels that spawn ever outward and novels that are unfinishable on that account.
		Calvino loops in some Oulipo authors and talks about generative novels, but his main focus is on uncontrollable novels, not contrived ones.
		For Calvino, they are unified by the devouring nature of their books, both of which (he implies) prevent completion by their very design.
	www.waggish.org /2003/06/italo_calvino_on_musil_and_gadda.html (422 words)

	Calvino as Urbanologist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Calvino warns us to beware of names, but the names have a flavor: Romantic, vaguely Mediterranean, vaguely oldfashioned, almost all ending in vowels that are, in English and the Romance languages, feminine in feel and grammar.
		Calvino often uses a spatial metaphor for the relationship of the two: one form of the city is in the sky, while the other is on earth; one is on earth, the other is underground.
		Of course, since Calvino also does his best to communicate mood and emotion, this is one of the many rules whose oppoaite must also be honored.
	home.earthlink.net /~hsbecker/calvino.html (4295 words)

	Moos: Italo Calvino as Author/Game-master in _If on a winter's night a traveler_
		Calvino continues this strategy throughout the novel and as a result he encourages his readers to join in and take up the quest with the Reader for a complete novel that has not been compromised by a devious translator or an erring publisher.
		Calvino cleverly leads his readers on the same empty quest that the Reader is on so that at the end on the novel we find that we were totally under his control the whole time.
		Calvino's metafictional commentary on authorship allows us to infer his true opinions, yet by interspersing his novel with his own famous "author-name" he is acknowledging that sentimentality is anything but modern.
	www.public.asu.edu /~dgilfill/digitaltexts/final_projects/moos (2714 words)

	Jeanette Winterson - Journalism - The Times - Italo Calvino
		Calvino died in 1985, on the eve of his departure to Harvard, where he was to deliver the Charles Eliot Norton lectures.
		Calvino's 'fantasy', is in fact a serious 'other-world', where just for a time, we can be freed from the problems of gravity.
		Calvino's belief in the transforming powers of literature runs in harness with his hesitations over the newly extrovert role of the writer in society.
	www.jeanettewinterson.com /pages/content/index.asp?PageID=174 (981 words)

	Italo Calvino's Invisible Cities: The Topic of Games (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Calvino uses many metaphors to describe to the reader what could possibly be going on, and for the reader to understand to the full extent exactly what at that moment he is trying to explain.
		The text points out that Calvino was vehemently against fascism, and fought in World War II after his parents were abducted by the Germans, though later served as a writer, editor, analyst and social commentator for a communist newspaper.
		Calvino's aim is to depict a society where communist ideals and Marxist thinking would be the best alternative to a life dominated by garbage, pollution and unhappiness.
	www.albany.edu /~md4681/eng121s04/group04.html (4193 words)

	Harvard University Press: Six Memos for the Next Millenium
		Italo Calvino, one of the world's best storytellers, died on the eve of his departure for Harvard, where he was to deliver the Charles Eliot Norton Lectures in 1985-86.
		Calvino, in a wonderfully simple scheme, devotes one lecture (a memo for his reader) to each of five indispensable literary values.
		She is Italo Calvino's Argentinian-born wife and a translator for several international organizations.
	www.hup.harvard.edu /catalog/CALSIM.html (398 words)

	The Infinite Matrix \| Bruce Sterling \| Schism Matrix Week 55
		But as a 14 year old foreign boy I was reading Italo Calvino, with a sense of sympathetic joy and understanding, even in a language that was not his own.
		Calvino tells us, speaking to us as his successors: "When other fantastically speedy, wide-spread media are triumphing, and running the risk of flattening all communication into a single homogenous surface the function of literature is communication between things that are different simply because they are different."
		Calvino says the remedy is to be found in space and time; in a gift of your own space and your own time.
	www.infinitematrix.net /columns/sterling/sterling55.html (2117 words)

	Italo Calvino (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Calvino left Cuba for Italy in his youth.
		Calvino turned decisively to fantasy and allegory in the 1950s, producing the three fantastic tales that brought him international acclaim.
		Among Calvino's later works of fantasy is Le Cosmicomiche (1965; Cosmicomics), a stream-of-consciousness narrative that treats the creation and evolution of the universe.
	faculty.smu.edu /bwheeler/Ency/calvino.html (350 words)

	Italo Calvino. UK (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Italo Calvino's career as a writer spanned nearly four decades.
		The son of traveling botanists, Calvino was born in Cuba in 1923 and raised in San Remo, Italy; he fought for the Italian Resistance from 1943-45.
		In 1957, deeply disappointed by events in Eastern Europe, Calvino left the Communist party; in the years that followed, his writing gradually diverged from the dominant neorealist style and assumed its own peculiar and distinctive voice.
	www.litfix.co.uk /calvino.htm (280 words)

	BookReview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		On September 19, 1985 a day before the first equinoctial storm broke over the city of Rome Italo Calvino died at a small town on the sea up the Mediterranean coast.
		When Calvino had slipped away from the Italian Communist Party no one was shocked; but when he died three weeks short of sixty-sixth birthday Italy went into mourning.
		But we do not find the philosopher in Calvino's first novel The Path to Spiders' Nests which turns out to be a war novel and the account of adolescence of a young boy, He was barely 24 and the World War II was just over.
	www.calonline.com /bookreview/calvino.html (589 words)

	CONTEXT: Barth, Calvino, Borges
		Calvino even defined Post-modernism, in his "Visibility" lecture, as "the tendency to make ironic use of the stock images of the mass media, or to inject the taste for the marvelous inherited from literary tradition into narrative mechanisms that accentuate their alienation"--a tendency as characteristic of Borges's production as of his own.
		The saving difference between Calvino and the other wizards of OULIPO was that (bless his Italian heart and excuse the stereotyping) he knew when to stop formalizing and start singing--or better, how to make the formal rigors themselves sing.
		Calvino's esteem for Borges is a matter of record; I regret having neglected to ask Borges, in our half-dozen brief conversations, his opinion of Calvino.
	www.centerforbookculture.org /context/no1/barth.html (1104 words)

	SUNY Albany English 121N Project - Italo Calvino - Storytelling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Calvino writing passages such as this show that he does not believe in traditional themes and that themes may be varied.
		Calvino touches upon reality in an essay and mentions “Different levels of reality also exist in literature; in fact literature rests precisely on the distinction among various levels, and would be unthinkable without an awareness of this distinction” (62).
		Calvino is, more or less, setting traps for readers so when they think they know what they are doing, they have no idea and they have to change how they are thinking once again in order to understand the story.
	www.albany.edu /~md4681/eng121s04/group03.html (4112 words)

	Splendid: Departments: Bookshelf: Italo Calvino's 'Hermit in Paris: Autobiographical Writings'
		Calvino mentions other authors he meets in passing, or authors he could have met and missed; he meets with Angelo Ravagli, Frieda Lawrence's second husband, who had actually lived with D.H. and Frieda before D.H. Lawrence died.
		Less charming is Calvino's attitude towards women, his Stalinism (which he later renounced), and the passing mention he makes of Jewish people; he says that Jewish doctors are superior because they have to work harder to get through medical school.
		Calvino has a charming way of drifting through other people's lives; it makes you feel as though you're watching a movie from thousands of feet away.
	www.splendidezine.com /departments/bookshelf/bookshelf50304.html (1076 words)

	Italo Calvino's autobiographical notes collected to good effect - The Washington Times: Non-Fiction Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Calvino was born in 1923 in Cuba, where his father, an agronomist, and his mother, a botanist, were working at an experimental agricultural institute.
		Calvino was no 20th-century Tocqueville, which he himself realized, withdrawing from publication the travelogue he wrote based on his diary.
		Calvino failed to reconcile the conflict between anarchism and communism, or even the contradictions within the communist movement itself.
	www.washtimes.com /books/20030614-113724-4842r.htm (1358 words)

	Italo Calvino and inevitability in storytelling
		This article is based on Calvino's Six Memos for the Next Millennium[1]- a series of lectures he was to have given at Harvard University in 1985-1986 but didn't live to deliver.
		Lightness for Calvino is identified with such properties as mobility, agility of spirit, knowledge of the world, subtlety, multiplicity, the precariousness of things as they are, levitation and freedom.
		Though Calvino does not explicitly mention this form of inevitability in Six Memos, his positive references to "unpredictable deviations" and "infinite unexpected possibilities" are reasonable indicators as to where he would stand on that issue.
	imv.au.dk /publikationer/pov/Issue_18/section_1/artc13A.html (1700 words)

	AllRefer.com - Italo Calvino (Italian Literature, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Italo Calvino[itulO calvE´nO] Pronunciation Key, 1923–85, Italian novelist.
		Calvino was one of the most popular novelists of the 20th cent.
		Although loneliness is an essential condition in his writings, he imbues his stories with passion and celebrates the human capacity for love and imagination.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Calvino.html (265 words)

	Random House \| Books \| Hermit in Paris by Italo Calvino
		Here is Italo Calvino paying homage to his literary influences and tracing the evolution of his signature style.
		The longest and most delightfully revealing section of the book is Calvino’s diary of his travels in the United States in 1959 and 1960, which show him marveling at color TV, wrinkling his nose at the Beats, and reeling at the outpouring of racial hatred attending a civil rights demonstration in Alabama.
		Italo Calvino (1923—1985) was born in Cuba and grew up in San Remo, Italy.
	www.randomhouse.com /catalog/display.pperl?isbn=9780375714269 (349 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Special reports \| If on a winter's night two lovers ...
		The sex life of Italy's most respected 20th-century novelist was heading for the courts yesterday after his widow instructed lawyers in Rome to seek an injunction banning the publication of further extracts from his passionate correspondence with a married lover.
		Ms Singer owns Calvino's literary estate and, according to media reports, her lawyer is to argue that Corriere della Sera did not have the right to publish his work without her permission.
		Calvino, who died in 1985, was a treasured leftwing hero.
	www.guardian.co.uk /italy/story/0,12576,1285117,00.html (620 words)

	Outside the town of Malbork with Italo Calvino: Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Calvino's opinions on Gadda are drawn on extensively.
		"Calvino belonged to the Parisian literary group OULIPO (Ouvroir de Litterature Potentiel), another well-known member being Georges Perec, who remarked that about a quarter of his work could be classified as "sociological," and some of whose work can profitably be seen as a kind of sociology.
		Cogito: Italo Calvino and Zbigniew Herbert." MLN 109.1 (1994): 128-41.
	www.msu.edu /~comertod/calvino/calbib.htm (1158 words)

	Amazon.com: Six Memos for the Next Millennium: Books: Italo Calvino (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Calvino, the author of Invisible Cities, If on a Winter's Night a Traveler, and other postmodern fictional works, was to deliver these five "memos" (there was to be a sixth) as Harvard's Charles Eliot Norton Lectures in 1985-86, but he died before doing so.
		At the time of his death in 1985, Calvino was preparing to give the Norton Lectures at Harvard; this volume collects the texts completed at the time of his death, which are delightful, penetrating examinations of the literary experience.
		Calvino draws on areas as diverse as mythology, poetry, art, science and history to illustrate his theses, and brings fresh insights to, for example, the story of Perseus and Medusa.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0674810406?v=glance (1721 words)

	Italo Calvino at opensource encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Born in Santiago de Las Vegas, Cuba to botanists Mario Calvino and Evelina Mameli (a descendant of Goffredo Mameli) and brother of Floriano Calvino, a famous geologist, he soon moved to Italy, where his family originated and where he lived most of his life.
		He stayed in San Remo, in the Riviera, for some 20 years, and enrolled in the Avanguardisti (a fascist youth organisation to which was practically compulsory) with whom he took part in the occupation of the French Riviera).
		Vittorini's death in 1966 had a heavy influence on Calvino and caused him what has been defined as an "intellectual depression", which the writer himself described as an important passage in his life:...I ceased to be young.
	www.wiki.tatet.com /Italo_Calvino.html (1266 words)

	Open Directory - Arts: Literature: Authors: C: Calvino, Italo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Italo Calvino - Featuring excerpts of the author's work in Italian and English, text of his autobiographical essay, reviews, articles, and links.
		Italo Calvino as Author/Game-master - Essay on the metafictive elements of "If on a winter's night a traveler" from a literary theory perspective.
		Italo Calvino as Urbanologist - Essay on "Invisible Cities," the Oulipo movement, and the sociology of writing.
	dmoz.org /Arts/Literature/Authors/C/Calvino,_Italo (209 words)

	The Italo Calvino Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The third fantasy, Il cavaliere inesistente (1959; "The Nonexistent Knight," in The Nonexistent Knight and the Cloven Viscount), is a mock epic chivalric tale.
		There's a great page of Calvino excerpts and essays called In Calvino Veritas: The Critical Calvino Page by Paul M. Willenberg which has some insightful ruminations.
		Most of the excerpts from Invisible Cities are from the passages archived by Veronica and Eric, which has many other great short works by other authors (and by Veronica!) there as well.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Forum/7504/calvino.html (667 words)

	The Review of Contemporary Fiction: Italo Calvino.@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		When Italo Calvino died in 1985 at the age of sixty-two, he was working on a series of six essays to be delivered at Harvard University under the auspices of the Charles Eliot Norton Lectures.
		Calvino completed only five of the essays, which have been collected under the title Six Memos for the Next Millennium.
		In his introduction to the lectures, Calvino writes: "My confidence in the future of literature consists in the knowledge that there are things that only literature can give us, by means specific to it" (1).
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:87460084&refid=holomed_1 (224 words)

	Calvino Takes Readers on a Tour of (Mostly) European Classics
		We learn that Calvino began in the '50s as a proponent of the terse, transparent style of Ernest Hemingway and grew more experimental as a writer as his reading turned to more classical fare.
		Calvino's collected critical writings cannot help but shed light on his creative work, and they perform a significant documentary service.
		Because Calvino believes that readers must approach the classics directly, he plays the master of ceremonies who quiets the house as the curtain rises, gets the audience's attention with a few apt remarks and then quickly gets out of the actors' way.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/1999/10/24/RV62450.DTL (827 words)

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