Italo-Turkish War - Factbites

Italo-Turkish War - Factbites
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Topic: Italo-Turkish War

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	Italo-Turkish War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Italo-Turkish or Turco-Italian War was fought between the Ottoman Empire and Italy from September 28, 1911 to October 18, 1912.
		The Italo-Turkish war saw numerous technological advances used in warfare; notably the aeroplane.
		The war was concluded after the Italian army took Tripoli, and on October 18, a peace treaty was signed, handing over the provinces that Italy had started the war to control.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Turco-Italian_War (275 words)

	Carl Savich Columns serbianna.com
		Following the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78, Macedonia was incorporated in Bulgaria under the Treaty of San Stefano, the peace treaty held in a suburb of Constantinople that ended the war.
		The War Correspondence of Leon Trotsky: The Balkan Wars, 1912-13.
		Turkish Sultan Abdul-Hamid sought to prevent the emergence of a Macedonian national identity or consciousness: “Throughout the reign of Abdul-Hamid (1876-1909) the use of the word Macedonia was forbidden.” The Turkish province of Macedonia was divided into three administrative districts or vilayets----Monastir/Bitola, Skopje/Uskub, and Salonika/Thessaloniki.
	www.serbianna.com /columns/savich/053.html (8914 words)

	MSN Encarta - Related Items - War
		World War II, global military conflict that, in terms of lives lost and material destruction, was the most devastating war in human history.
	encarta.msn.com /related_761568576_28.16/World_War_II.html (23 words)

	MSN Encarta - Ottoman Empire
		Second, more than any other Turkish frontier state, they took the concept of being a ghazi—that is, a warrior who carried out raids upon and warfare with the Christians in the interests of Islam—and made it their guiding principle.
		In accordance with the Turkish proverb, “the fish begins to stink at the head,” this lack of leadership became a serious factor in the decline of the empire.
		The two Balkan Wars from 1912 to 1913, the first a complete disaster, and the second less so, cost the Ottomans most of their territory in the Balkans.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761553949/Ottoman_Empire.html (6083 words)

	History of LIBYA
		During the later stages of the war and in the immediate postwar years Tripolitania and Cyrenaica are adminstered by the British, while Fezzan is under the control of the French.
		Turkish control over over the region of modern Libya has been little more than nominal during much of the Ottoman period.
		Their successful device is to allow Turkish pirates, or corsairs, to establish themselves along the coast.
	www.historyworld.net /wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=aa83 (1597 words)

	History House: Turkey's Toy Boat
		Anticipating war, the nations of Europe were as nervous as the proverbial long-tailed cat that winter.
		This otherwise uninspired war between two third-rate powers has the distinction of being the first in which airplanes[3] were used in combat.
		Turkish officers deemed the boats (an English model built in Sweden) unsuitable for action upon seeing demonstrations in 1885, however, when Greece bought one nine months later, Turkey had to have two.
	www.historyhouse.com /in_history/turkey_boat (2868 words)

	Showering Iraq with propaganda
		World War II saw an explosion in the use of aerial leafleting, with both the Axis and the Allies employing it in a variety of ways.
		The leafleting, which is expected to continue even after the start of a war in Iraq, is the latest in a long martial tradition of lofting the written word at one's mortal adversaries.
		During the War of Independence, colonists used wind-blown leaflets to sap the morale of British troops defending Boston.
	www.capitolhillblue.com /cgi-bin/artman/exec/view.cgi?archive=13&num=1620&printer=1 (879 words)

	Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus :: www.trncgov.com ::
		1912: The Italo-Turkish war of 1911-12 and the defeat of the Turks in Tripoli caused excitement and joy among the Greek Cypriot community On 27 May 1912 Turkish Cypriots who were traveling to Limas sol from Malay village in two buses were attacked by Greeks.
		Turkish Cypriot community were content with the existing administration as long as Cyprus remained an integral part of the Ottoman Empire.
		He recalled that Cyprus was still part of the Turkish Empire, ruled by Britain, and the vast majority of those Greeks addressed by the Greek Consul were subjects of the Turkish Empire.
	www.trncgov.com /history_6.htm (854 words)

	The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition: Triple Alliance and Triple Entente @ HighBeam Research
		More serious still were the Balkan crises brought about by the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina by Austria-Hungary in 1908, the Italo-Turkish War (1911-12), and the Balkan Wars (1912-13).
		The new German Empire, under the hand of Otto von Bismarck, was steered carefully, always with an eye upon France, for the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71) had left France thirsting for revenge and for recovery of the lost provinces of Alsace and Lorraine.
		Although Great Britain and France had been on the verge of war over the Fashoda Incident in 1898, the matter was settled and the way opened for further agreements between the two powers.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1E1:TripAlEnt&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (1166 words)

	Sir J. Rennell Rodd. Social and Diplomatic Memories. 1902-1919. Chapter VII
		The vicissitudes of the Italo-Turkish War several times threatened to create friction, especially with Austria, where the military party was understood to be pressing for action in Albania.
		As Germany and Austria had proclaimed their neutrality on the outbreak of the war, they could not, while it was still in progress, recognize as already determined the very issue which stood in the way of peace.
		No special war taxes were imposed, and this was no doubt one of the reasons why the nation betrayed no impatience as the months wore on.
	www.gwpda.org /memoir/Rodd/Rodd07.htm (9809 words)

	war
		This war was undertaken by Italy to gain colonies in North Africa by conquering the Turkish provinces of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica.
		The war remained at a stalemate until a successful Italian offensive in North Africa from July to October 1912.
		Italy took advantage of a period of international uncertainty following the Moroccan crisis of 1911, and of Turkish weakness to achieve its long-desired goal of establishing a colony in North Africa.
	www.geocities.com /historyweb_uk/war.html (249 words)

	Sir J. Rennell Rodd. Social and Diplomatic Memories. 1902-1919. Chapter VI
		The Turkish reply was characterized as evasive and war was declared on the 29th.
		The Turkish Government had appealed to the Powers to intervene, and Aehrenthal put forward suggestions for an exchange of views.
		The war, however, intervened before effect had been given to the project and, after the withdrawal of the German Embassy, a committee representing the non-Catholic states was appointed to manage the cemeteries.
	www.lib.byu.edu /~rdh/wwi/memoir/Rodd/Rodd06.htm (9864 words)

	Balkan Wars on Encyclopedia.com
		The outbreak of the Italo-Turkish War for the possession of Tripoli (1911) encouraged the Balkan states to increase their territory at Turkish expense.
		The outbreak of the war (Oct., 1912), in which Greece and Montenegro joined the original allies, was followed by the speedy expulsion of the Turks from all of European Turkey, except the Constantinople area.
		The Balkan Wars prepared the way for World War I by satisfying some of the aspirations of Serbia and thereby giving a great impetus to the Serbian desire to annex parts of Austria-Hungary; by alarming Austria and stiffening Austrian resolution to crush Serbia; and by giving causes of dissatisfaction to Bulgaria and Turkey.
	encyclopedia.com /html/B/BalkanW1a.asp (760 words)

	A tale of two islets
		By that Note Greece rejected the Turkish claims and underlined that Imia is Greek territory by virtue of cession from Italy, to which it belonged in accordance with the 1932 Italo-Turkish Agreement and the subsequent Proces Verbal.
		It is characteristic that the Turkish Prime Minister of that time, Tansu Ciller, during the Greek-Turkish crisis in February 1996 over the Imia islets, threatened Greece with war on seven occasions in a period of twelve days.
		a) As to the Turkish assertion about the political climate at the time of the conclusion of the 1932 Italo-Turkish Agreement, Greece observed that it does not have any legal significance.
	www.hri.org /MFA/thesis/spring97/two_islets.html (3931 words)

	Edwards Spy Planes Early Days AFFTC
		The first use of an airplane in war occurred in 1911 during the Italo-Turkish War, when an Italian pilot in a Bleriot XI monoplane made a one-hour reconnaissance flight over enemy positions.
		During World War II, reconnaissance proved as vital as it had been in World War I. In 1940, a Spitfire photographic sortie revealed that the Germans were using defensive radar in western France, when the Royal Air Force believed it had a monopoly of such equipment.
		Within a few weeks of the beginning of the war, the allied forces used visual reports on enemy positions to stop German armies from advancing beyond the River Marne and possibly winning the war.
	www.edwards.af.mil /articles98/docs_html/splash/mar98/cover/early.htm (310 words)

	Reader's Companion to Military History - - Strategic Bombing
		At the outset of World War I, unsophisticated airplanes, made mainly of wood and canvas and tied together with wire and string, were brought into service in a variety of military roles.
		After the war, and with the advent of the Cold War, most modern air forces turned their attention to nuclear bombing and nuclear deterrence.
		The early stages of World War II contradicted the prediction that the bomber would "always get through." The development of radar had given the British enough of a defensive edge over the Luftwaffe to foil Adolf Hitler's plans for an amphibious invasion of the island.
	college.hmco.com /history/readerscomp/mil/html/mh_050700_strategicbom.htm (1380 words)

	First World War.com - Who's Who - Dragutin Dimitrijevic
		Born in Naples on 4 December 1861, Diaz graduated from the military colleges of Naples and Turin prior to serving with distinction in the Italo-Turkish war of 1911-12.
		After the war Diaz served as Mussolini's Minister of War from 1922.
		Promoted to Major General in 1914, Diaz worked closely with then Chief of Staff Luigi Cadorna in the latter's determination to reorganise the Italian army in readiness for the coming war.
	www.firstworldwar.com /bio/diaz.htm (270 words)

	The Turkish entry (from World War I) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The wars reflected the decline of the Ottoman Empire and resulted in the gradual southward extension of Russia's frontier and influence into Ottoman territory.
		The war was in many respects a continuation, after an uneasy 20-year hiatus, of the disputes left unsettled by...
		Most of the works inspired by the war were infused with a sense of disillusionment, and some had a pointedly antiwar spirit.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-53127 (921 words)

	Lenin: The End of the Italo-Turkish War
		Italy has “won” the war, which she launched a year ago to seize Turkish possessions in Africa.
		When, at the beginning of the war, the Italian admirals were incautious enough to land 1,200 marines, the Arabs attacked them and killed some 600.
		The war cost the Italians over 800 million lire, or over 320 million rubles.
	www.marxists.org /archive/lenin/works/1912/sep/28.htm (295 words)

	Baha'u'llah and the New Era--Territorial Ambitions
		Many are the wars which have been fought over pieces of territory whose possession has been coveted by two or more rival nations.
		But war is made for the satisfaction of men's ambition.
		When a thought of war comes, oppose it by a stronger thought of peace.
	www.bcca.org /bahaivision/BNE/1004territorialambitions.html (418 words)

	First World War.com - Who's Who - Paolo Thaon di Revel
		The 1911-12 Italo-Turkish War brought him command of the 2nd Naval Division.
		Italy began the First World War as a neutral power, although Thaon di Revel was clear in believing that Italy was ill-equipped from a naval perspective to deal with Allied forces in the Mediterranean.
		He was therefore in favour of war with the Austro-Hungarians.
	www.firstworldwar.com /bio/thaondirevel.htm (427 words)

	The World at War
		He entered the Italian Army in 1890 as an artillery officer and fought in Ethiopia in 1896 and in the Italo-Turkish War of 1912.During World War 1 he distinguished himself by directing the capture of Monte Sabotino on August 6th, 1916.
		Although he was later defeated at Caporetto on October 24, 1917, he emerged from the war with his career intact and participated in the armistice talks for the Italians.
		Badoglio dissolved the Fascist Party and declared war on Germany on October 13, 1943.
	worldatwar.net /biography/b/badoglio (266 words)

	Macedonia for the Macedonians
		They only awaited a suitable moment to declare war on Turkey, and such an event was a result of the difficult position of the Osmanli state, caused by the Macedonian and Albanian uprisings, internal turnovers, and primarily, by the Italo-Turkish War.
		During the whole period of the Turkish rule, the Macedonians did not cease to wage an aware and persistent struggle, first for their independence, and after they were finally subjugated by the Turks, for their liberation from the Turkish yoke.
		Even before the end of that war, the Balkan states united in an alliance and came out against Turkey under the slogan of liberation of the Christians from the Turkish yoke.
	www.makedonija.info /ottoman.html (3021 words)

	Esercito Italiano: History Portal
		The Italo-Turkish war ended with the occupation of the Dodecanese Islands(1912 - spring) and the conquest of Fezzan (9 August 1913 - 12 August 1914).
		On September 29, 1911, the Italian Army was massively engaged in carrying out the Libyan campaign during the Italo-Turkish war.
		It lived hard times at the beginning as that period was marked by the long and all-out war against bandits and the unsuccessful conclusion of the Third War of Independence even if glorious battles were fought during this war (1886 men died).
	www.esercito.difesa.it /English/history/storia1.asp (213 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Diaz Armando
		He fought in Italy's first war with Ethiopia (1895-1896) and in the Italo-Turkish War...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Diaz_Armando.html (99 words)

	HH 362--History of the Middle East Libya Timeline
		1911-12 The Italo-Turkish War; Enver Pasha and Mustapha Kemal organize local resistance.
		October 1973 The Yom Kippur War; Qaddafi declares that the Gulf of Sidra is sovereign Libyan territory.
		June 1940 Italy enters World War II on the side of the Axis.
	www.nadn.navy.mil /Users/history/tucker/hh362/LibyaTimeline.htm (1697 words)

	Index De-Dh
		He became inspector of Italian overseas forces in 1939 and on the eve of Italy's entry into World War II he was put in charge of the group of armies of the south.
		He began representing the Turkish Cypriot community in 1947, during British colonial rule, when he was elected to a consultative committee examining the prospects for independence.
		Gradually, however, in a country where before the war the parties had been accustomed to frequent and furious struggles, party politics inevitably crept back, and after the 1919 elections, which greatly increased the Socialist strength, the situation became delicate.
	www.rulers.org /indexd2.html (13512 words)

	Wired News: After Bullets Fly: War of Words
		The first airplane-distributed propaganda came in 1912, during the Italo-Turkish War, when citizens of Tripolitania were each offered a gold coin and a sack of wheat if they surrendered.
		In the Civil War, the Confederates received flyers telling soldiers to go home and take care of their troubled families.
		By the time of the Gulf War, psyops were being credited with encouraging widespread defections in Saddam Hussein's forces.
	www.wired.com /news/conflict/0,2100,47447-2,00.html?tw=wn_story_page_next1 (482 words)

	Nenni, Pietro on Encyclopedia.com
		He was imprisoned in 1911 for his participation in the protest movement against the Italo-Turkish war in Libya.
		He fought against the fascists in Spain during the Spanish civil war.
		He joined the Socialist party in 1921 and subsequently became Paris correspondent and later editor of the Socialist party newspaper Avanti.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/N/Nenni-P1i.asp (374 words)

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