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Topic: Ituri

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	Ituri Forest & the Okapi Wildlife Reserve: Background - The Woods Hole Research Center
		The Ituri Forest is situated on a plateau between the watershed of the Congo Basin and the mountain range of the Albertine Rift.
		The vegetation in the Ituri forest is dominated by mixed-species terra firma forest.
		Traditional land use in the Ituri Forest includes hunting-gathering and shifting cultivation; currently, agriculture is limited along the main roads in the southern portion of the reserve and surrounding the reserve.
	www.whrc.org /AFRICA/INFORMS/study_sites/IturiBackground.htm (665 words)

	Gold and Ethnic Conflict in the Ituri Region
		The Ituri conflict in the northeast corner of the Democratic Republic of Congo provides an interesting example of how the environment can be both the impetus for conflict and a tool to sustain it.
		The conflict in the Ituri region is largely the result of resource scarcity, both in terms of land and mineral wealth.
		The conflict in the Ituri region is primarily civil in nature, stemming from a dispute between two ethnic groups.
	www.american.edu /ted/ice/ituri.htm (2088 words)

	United Nations - OCHA IRIN \| Web Special \| Ituri in Eastern DRC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The DRC is one of the world's worst humanitarian crises, and Ituri, according to a senior NGO official, is the area of "most extreme need" in the DRC.
		Refugees from Ituri have crossed the border into Uganda, arriving at the border areas of Mahagi, Aru, Nebbi and Bundibugyo, both to the north and south of Lake Albert.
		Ituri was "one of the worst areas in the world to work in", a senior humanitarian official told IRIN.
	www.irinnews.org /webspecials/Ituri/srep3.asp (1091 words)

	Ituri: Bloodiest Corner of Congo (Focus on Human Rights, July 2003)
		The majority of the population in Ituri are neither Hema nor Lendu, the ethnic groups whose militias are responsible for much of the current violence.
		But all inhabitants of Ituri have been forced to choose sides, and are subject to attack because they are thought to be associated with either Hema or Lendu groups.
		Uganda occupied Ituri, an area rich in mineral resources and potentially a major source of oil, from 1998 to May 2003, when it withdrew its troops under heavy international pressure.
	www.hrw.org /campaigns/congo/ituri/ituri.htm (830 words)

	United Nations - OCHA IRIN \| Web Special \| Ituri in Eastern DRC (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) region of Ituri is bracing itself for a new round of conflict, "ethnic cleansing" and civilian desperation, even as peace talks have concluded between the government and warring rebel factions, and most foreign troops have withdrawn from the war-ravaged country.
		Ituri, bordering Uganda, is one of eastern DRC's least stable and most conflict-affected areas.
		The tensions in Ituri result from several factors, including historical land ownership and tensions between the Hema and Lendu communities, and have been fanned by military, commercial and political forces.
	www.irinnews.org.cob-web.org:8888 /webspecials/Ituri/default.asp (462 words)

	DR Congo: A neglected human rights tragedy in Ituri province
		The Front pour l'intégration et la paix en Ituri (FIPI), an offshoot of the UPC and the latest armed political group to have emerged in February 2003 with Ugandan support.
		Ituri has been under the direct or proxy control of the UPDF since the outset of the current conflict in DRC in August 1998.
		The five armed political groups operating in Ituri are all, in one respect or another, protégés of the Ugandan government.
	www.genocidewatch.org /CongoAIMarch20.htm (999 words)

	Protected Areas Programme - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ninety percent of the reserve lies within the Zone of Mambasa in the Ituri sub-region, and the remainder within the Zones of Wamba and Watsa in Haut- Uele sub-region.
		The Ituri River which is a major tributary of the Zaire River, forms part of the southern boundary.
		The forest ecosystem is further threatened by the increase in commercial logging concessions near park boundaries, poaching, commercial hunting for wild meat, gold-mining, and elephant poaching for ivory (IZCN, 1994).
	www.unep-wcmc.org /protected_areas/data/wh/okapi.htm (1967 words)

	News: Great Lakes, Ituri: The Congo's own Rwanda
		Lendu agriculturalists in Ituri tend to regard themselves as kin to the Rwanda's Hutus, while the cattle-herding Hema identify with the Tutsis.
		In the complex ethnic mix of at least 18 tribes in Ituri, the Gegere and Bira have sided with the Hema.
		In an Ituri population of just over four million, the United Nations estimates that more than 60,000 people have been killed in the militia warfare since 1999, while more than half a million have been forced to flee their homes, encountering further violence in their flight.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/YAOI-6S54N9?OpenDocument (1759 words)

	DR Congo Holds 'Last Chance' Peace Talks With Ituri Warlords - Global Policy Forum - UN Security Council
		Hundreds have died in fighting and massacres in Ituri since the broader peace pact for DRC was enacted.
		The DRC government is hoping that the militia leaders from Ituri at the talks will endorse an "act of commitment" and lay down their arms.
		Interior and Security Minister Theophile Mbemba Fundu said the conflict in Ituri had "very much weakened" the peace process, while fanning inter-ethnic hatred in the region, still controlled by militias whose members are drawn mainly from two warring ethnic groups, the majority Lendu and minority Hema.
	www.globalpolicy.org /security/issues/congo/2004/0511ituri.htm (674 words)

	Ituri Forest & the Okapi Wildlife Reserve - The Woods Hole Research Center
		The Okapi Wildlife Reserve, located in the Ituri tropical rain forest in the northeastern corner of the Congo Basin, is one of the five World Heritage Sites in the Democratic Republic of Congo (D.R.C., the former Zaire).
		The reserve is bound by the Nepoko River to the north and the Ituri River to the south, occupying an area of nearly 13,150 km
		Today, the Ituri region is the most politically unstable area in the D.R.C., constantly struggling from ethnic and military conflicts (IRIN 2002).
	www.whrc.org /africa/INFORMS/study_sites/Ituri.htm (297 words)

	Forest foragers
		The Mbuti of the Ituri remain the largest and least acculturated of all groups of hunter- gatherers within Africa's rain forests.
		Efe are bow hunters and live in the northeastern Ituri; they are one of four subgroups of Ituri forest pygmies collectively called the Mbuti.
		The Sua and Aka are also net-hunting Mbuti living in the northwestern and northern forest-savanna edges; however, both these subgroups have all but abandoned their traditional way of life and subsist as plantation laborers or as guides to ivory poachers.
	www2.bc.edu /~morellig/IturiForestPeoplesFund/HTML/forestforagers.htm (276 words)

	San Diego Zoo Exhibit: Ituri Forest
		Ituri Forest is one of the San Diego Zoo's most entertaining places to watch inter-species interactions.
		The Zoo's Ituri Forest habitat is much easier to navigate, while still giving you a feel for the real thing.
		Buildings in Ituri Forest were designed to complement the overall look and feeling of the original African habitat.
	www.sandiegozoo.org /zoo/ex_ituri_forest.html (486 words)

	afrol News - Peace deal in Congo's embattled Ituri district
		Despite the deployment of almost 5,000 UN peacekeepers in Ituri last year, the mineral-rich district at the Ugandan border has remained under control of rivalling militias until now.
		The Congolese government during the week-long peace negotiations assured the militia leaders it was now to increase its presence in Ituri and guarantee security together with MONUC peacekeepers.
		During the five years it has lasted, the Ituri conflict left 50,000 dead, at least 500,000 displaced and caused massive destructions of houses, public premises and infrastructures.
	www.afrol.com /articles/12415 (530 words)

	Adventures of a Retired Armchair Traveler - DR Congo news from IRIN: German troops, ICC hearing, displacement in Ituri
		Operation Ituri Element III was an attempt to disarm militia loyal to the Front des Nationalistes et Intégrationnistes, rebel movement of the Lendu people, which is a rival to Lubanga's UPC.
		The commercial centre is between the Mahagi and Djugu territories and 100km north of Bunia, the main town in Ituri.
		The army spokesman in Ituri, Capt Olivier Mputu, said one Congolese soldier was wounded in the operation.
	congogirl.livejournal.com /172356.html (1548 words)

	UN brokers Ituri ceasefire days ahead of DR Congo elections
		The MRC is made up of several thousand fighters from a variety of armed groups in Ituri and is the only structured militia still active in the region.
		UN peacekeepers have been deployed since 1999 in Ituri but the presence of the MRC has thus far prevented the return of the 200,000 people displaced within Ituri itself, after fleeing their homes because of attacks and looting.
		Ituri and other eastern provinces of the DRC have continued to be ravaged by army-rebel clashes and ethnic violence, despite the end in 1998 of a five-year war that engulfed the DRC and drew in armies from at least six neighbouring states.
	www.turkishpress.com /news.asp?id=135177 (693 words)

	Ituri, a lawless area
		The arrival of a brigade of the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (FARDC) in Ituri gradually enabled the UN troops to withdraw from Bunia in the beginning of the year.
		While many of these militias claim to defend a specific ethnic group, at least at the start, there have been cases of villagers’ rebelling and going so far as to lynch the militiamen who were supposed to protect them because they were raping their women and daughters.
		Despite the signing of peace accords, the United Nations’ intervention, and the opening of a democratic transition phase throughout the republic, Ituri continues to be controlled by warlords who use ethnic identities for their own ends and plunder the region’s natural resources.
	www.enjeux-internationaux.org /articles/num11/en/ituri.htm (1775 words)

	The Epoch Times \| Congo, Rwanda, Uganda Reject UN Report on Ituri Abuses
		Over the last 18 months, Ituri, a mineral rich but lawless north-eastern corner of the Congo, has been in the spotlight as a flashpoint of the years of war that have plagued Africa's third largest country.
		Rwanda said that it had not been involved in Ituri and would not be in the future.
		But former warring factions remain deeply divided, and Ituri is just one of several regions that the government struggles to control.
	www.theepochtimes.com /news/4-8-11/22834.html (390 words)

	News: Great Lakes, DRC: Last rebel groups sign peace deal in Ituri (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ituri's three armed groups had been given until 31 December to surrender their guns or face the army's wrath.
		The militias are the Forces de résistance patriotique en Ituri (FRPI), Fronts des nationalistes et intégrationnistes (FNI) and the Mouvement revolutionnaires congolais (MRC).
		Among Ituri's disarmed combatants, 791 have been integrated in the national army, the CONADER director in Ituri, Col Xavier DUKU, said, adding that 17,972 wanted to return to civilian life.
	reliefweb.int /rw/rwb.nsf/db900SID/ACIO-6W6GPB?OpenDocument&RSS20=18-P (637 words)

	Media Alert \| May 28, 2003
		The escalating crisis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo’s (DRC’s) eastern province of Ituri requires an urgent international response to protect civilians, especially refugees and internally displaced people, and to assure accountability for atrocities.
		The violence in Ituri has escalated since the withdrawal of Ugandan troops in the first week of May. Neither the governments of Uganda nor Rwanda have effectively severed ties with the rival militias and both governments have allegedly left military equipment behind for use by their supporters.
		The Security Council should ensure adequate support for the United Nations mission in the DRC and the protection of Ituri’s civilians, in consultation with the peace and security organs of the African Union and the Southern Africa Development Community.
	www.humanrightsfirst.org /media/2003_alerts/0528.htm (966 words)

	Signs of peace in Ituri, despite insecurity
		One of the peace indicators is the "steady and noticeable" return of internally displaced persons (IDPs) to their pre-conflict settlements in the district in general and in Bunia, the main town, n particular, according to the July edition of "Ituri Watch".
		Ituri Watch is a montly report compiled by the Africa Initiative Programme (AIP) in association with the Forum on Early Warning and Early Response-Africa.
		It said July was dominated by three major events: renewed fighting between some armed groups in Ituri, the inauguration of the district commissioner for Ituri, Petronille Vaweka, and continued insecurity in the Kivus and its implication on the Ituri peace process.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/news/2004/08/mil-040817-irin01.htm (659 words)

	Ituri: Congo's Savage Conflict Defeats Free Elections
		Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, leader of a Hema militia named the Union of Congolese Patriots, was arrested and placed in custody by the DRC authorities following the killing and mutilation in February 2005 of nine Bangladesh soldiers who were serving in the United Nations peacekeeping force in Ituri.
		Against the background of this growing extremism, Lubanga's Hema Union of Congolese Patriots (UPC) began pressing for autonomy for Ituri from the rest of the Congo.
		As the July 30 presidential and parliamentary elections approach in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, fighting continues in Ituri between the militias, government forces and MONUC.
	www.ens-newswire.com /ens/jul2006/2006-07-28-01.asp (1620 words)

	Ituri Rainforest - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Ituri Rainforest is located in the Ituri region of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo.
		The Ituri Rainforest is about 63,000 square kilometres in area, and is located between 0° and 3°N and 27° and 30° E. Elevation in the Ituri ranges from about 700 m to 1000 m.
		Impact of Swidden Agriculture and Subsistence Hunting on Diversity and Abundance of Exploited Fauna in the Ituri Forest of Northeastern Zaire.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ituri_Rainforest (236 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Africa \| Congo force deploys across Ituri
		Less than 5% of the Ituri will be covered by the current deployment of about 800 UN troops.
		Indeed the UN is also deploying troops at the entrance of the Kilo Moto Mine, which has an estimated deposit of 100 tons of untouched gold.
		The ethnically-motivated killings have continued in Ituri in spite of a national peace agreement finalised in the DR Congo earlier this year.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/africa/3197282.stm (364 words)

	Congo's Ituri District Turns Corner on Rebel Violence, U.N. Says - US Department of State
		Like a number of conflicts on the continent, many of Ituri's roughly 4 million inhabitants were caught in an ethnic crossfire between its two main groups, the Hema and Lendu, beginning in 1999. As many as 50,000 Iturians were killed in the violence with another 100,000 forced into refugee camps.
		The vastness of the DRC and its administrative districts is daunting for those trying to organize elections while coping with conflict in the east. For example, Ituri district, in the northeastern Orientale province, is approximately the size of Sierra Leone.
		The conflict in Ituri mirrors similar fighting in the neighboring Kivu district. The districts are far from direct DRC control -- Kinshasa, the DRC’s capital, is 1,300 kilometers by air from the region -- and the mineral wealth of eastern Congo. Gold in Ituri has spurred and funded rebel activity for years.
	usinfo.state.gov /af/Archive/2006/Jun/06-609098.html (899 words)

	MSF-USA: Press Release 6/22/2006 - Pneumonic Plague Outbreak Increases in Ituri, Democratic Republic of Congo
		Bubonic plague, a less contagious form of the disease, is endemic to Ituri.
		Faced with a constant increase in the number of patients affected by the disease, MSF has deployed teams of medical volunteers to the area.
		Since 2003, MSF teams have worked in Ituri District, where they operate the Bon Marché Hospital, a comprehensive medical facility in Bunia, the capital of the district, and respond to medical emergencies in the region.
	www.doctorswithoutborders.org /pr/2006/06-22-2006.cfm (501 words)

	Ituri Conflict - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Ituri conflict is a conflict between the agriculturalist Lendu and pastoralist Hema ethnic groups in the Ituri region of northeastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).
		The conflict has, however, become vastly complicated by the presence of various armed groups who participated in the Second Congo War, the large amount of small arms in the region, a scramble for the area's abundant natural resources, and the ethnic tensions of the surrounding region.
		Half of the milita members are under the age of 18 and some are as young as eight.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ituri_Conflict (1644 words)

	CNN.com - U.N. needs 6 months to cover Congo - Sep. 3, 2003
		Swedish Brigadier-General Jan-Gunnar Isberg is leading the U.N. force, which has taken over from a French-led multinational mission sent to Ituri's main town Bunia in June as a temporary measure to protect civilians from warring tribal militia.
		Isberg said his troops were first focusing on securing Bunia before moving into the rest of Ituri, a mineral-rich region roughly the size of Ireland.
		The fighting in Ituri has overshadowed the formation of a transitional government in Kinshasa, comprising various participants in a civil war in the former Zaire that killed about three million people since 1998.
	www.cnn.com /2003/WORLD/africa/09/03/congo.peacekeepers.reut/index.html (566 words)

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