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Topic: Ivan II of Bulgaria

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	History of Bulgaria
		By the late 9th century Bulgaria extended from the mouth of the Danube to Epirus in the south and Bosnia in the north-west.
		Under Peter I and Boris II the country was divided by the egalitarian religious heresy of the Bogomils, and distracted by wars with the Hungarians to the north and the breakaway state of Serbia to the west.
		Ivan had a reputation as a wise and humane ruler, and opened relations with the Catholic west, especially Venice and Genoa, to reduce the influence of the Byzantines over his country.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/history_of_bulgaria (5317 words)

	AllRefer.com - Ivan II (Bulgarian History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		On the death (1207) of his father, Kaloyan, founder of the second Bulgarian empire, the throne was usurped by Ivan's cousin Boril.
		Under Ivan II the Bulgarian empire reached its zenith, becoming the strongest power in the Balkans; he added Macedonia, Epirus, and much of Albania and Serbia to his lands.
		Ivan II was succeeded by his sons Kaliman I, who reigned 1241–46, and Michael, who reigned 1246–57.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/I/Ivan2.html (290 words)

	History of Bulgaria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ivan Asen II had a reputation as a wise and humane ruler, and opened relations with the Catholic west, especially Venice and Genoa, to reduce the influence of the Byzantines over his country.
		By the reign of Michael II Asen 1246-1256, Bulgaria was reduced to a small state on the south bank of the lower Danube.
		Under Ivan IV (Ivan Alexander) 1331-1372 Serbian control was ended, but Bulgaria was left divided into rival states; of the two largest, one was based at Veliko Turnovo and the other at Vidin, ruled by Ivan's two sons.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Bulgaria (6454 words)

	Bulgaria. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Bulgaria crumbled under the attacks of a reinvigorated Byzantium in the 10th cent., and in 1018 it was annexed by Emperor Basil II.
		In 1330, Macedonian Bulgaria was conquered by Serbia.
		Bulgaria was victorious against Turkey in the first (1911–12) of the Balkan Wars, but claims to Macedonia involved it in the Second Balkan War with its former allies Greece and Serbia, and it was soon defeated.
	www.bartleby.com /65/bu/Bulgaria.html (1925 words)

	Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		With its support Ioan Asen returned to Bulgaria in 1218 to successfully overthrow his cousin and be crowned as tsar.
		After the battle at Klokotnitsa Medieval Bulgaria became the biggest country on the Balkan peninsula.
		Borders of Bulgaria during the reign of Ioan Asen II
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ivan_II_of_Bulgaria (182 words)

	Bulgaria.com - History, Rulers of Bulgaria - Tsar Ivan Assen II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Ivan Assen II was not eager to fight, but the Despot of Epirus, the Byzantine noble Todor Comnenus, embarked on a campaign against Bulgaria, hoping to restore the once glorious empire.
		Ivan Assen II succeeded in building up the internal unity of the vast state Its borders now reached the Adriatic, the Aegean and Black Sea, an apogee comparable only to Simeon's glory The new state incorporated all territories inhabited by Bulgarians.
		Ivan Assen II went on to call himself Tsar of the Bulgarians and Greeks, to put an end to the Hungarian raids and to thwart insidious plots against Bulgaria.
	www.bulgaria.com /history/rulers/assen2.html (855 words)

	Ivan II of Bulgaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Ivan II of Bulgaria, known to his contemporaries as 'The Scourge of Carpathia', was born in the capital city, Plovdiv, in 1224.
		After the death of his father Duke Frodrich IV in 1236, Ivan ruled Bulgaria (then known as Boldavia and part of the Ottoman Empire) for 48 years.
		Ivan II died of the Black Plague in 1275.
	www.encyclopedia-1.com /i/iv/ivan_ii_of_bulgaria.html (113 words)

	Dictionary of Meaning www.mauspfeil.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Image:ac.stjohnofrila.jpg thumb250pxSt Ivan of Rila, patron saint of Bulgaria The '''history of Bulgaria''' began in the 7th century 7th century CE with the arrival of the Bulgars in the Balkans.
		Under Peter I of Bulgaria Peter I and Boris II of Bulgaria Boris II the country was divided by the egalitarian religious heresy of the Bogomils, and distracted by wars with the Hungary Hungarians to the north and the breakaway state of Serbia to the west.
		Under Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria Ivan IV (Ivan Alexander) Serbian control was ended, but Bulgaria was left divided into rival states; of the two largest, one was based at Veliko Turnovo and the other at Vidin, ruled by Ivan's two sons.
	www.mauspfeil.net /History_of_Bulgaria.html (9619 words)

	Beatrice BUILLY - John BULMER
		/-Khan Boris of BULGARIA /-Symeon of BULGARIA Benjamin of BULGARIA
		1 Ivan Asen II of BULGARIA =Maria of HUNGARY
		\-Marija of BULGARIA, Princess of Bulgaria Marija of BULGARIA, Princess of Bulgaria
	freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com /~dphaner/HTML/people/p000005t.htm (1312 words)

	Biografías de Líderes Políticos CIDOB: Simeon Sakskoburggotski / Simeón II (Bulgaria) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Bulgaria declaró la guerra a Estados Unidos y Gran Bretaña, un gesto sin consecuencias prácticas, pero, a diferencia de rumanos y húngaros, se excluyó de la campaña contra Rusia.
		De vuelta a Madrid multiplicó sus entrevistas periodísticas y comentarios sobre la situación en Bulgaria y sus planes políticos, que por primera vez se refirieron sin ambages a la restauración en el trono como monarca constitucional al cabo de un proceso de diálogo nacional.
		En los tres años siguientes Simeón fue moviendo con tino sus piezas para un retorno al poder político en Bulgaria del que cada vez dudaban menos paisanos, aunque su modalidad, si como rey Simeón II o como particular Simeón Borisov, era objeto de controversia.
	www.cidob.org /bios/castellano/lideres/s-066.htm (2419 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Bulgaria
		At the beginning of the Christian Era, what is now Bulgaria constituted the Roman provinces of Moesia and Thrace, a territory in which Christianity was preached at a very early period, as proved by the Council of Sardica in 343.
		King Ivan Asen II (1218-41) formed an alliance with Emperor Vatatzes against the Latin Empire (1234), and again joined the Greek Church, which thereupon solemnly recognized the autonomy of the Church of Tirnovo (1235).
		The Catholics of Bulgaria are for the most part descendants of the Bogomili or Paulicians converted by the Franciscans during the sixteenth century, and are directly subject to the Diocese of Nicopolis with its seat at Rustchuk, and the Vicariate Apostolic of Sofia and Philippopolis, with the seat at Philippopolis.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03046a.htm (1968 words)

	My Lines - Person Page 266
		Tsar of Bulgaria Ivan Asên I Belgun was the son of N.
		Tsar of Bulgaria Koloman Asên was the son of Tsar of Bulgaria Ivan Asên II Belgun.
		Tsar of Bulgaria Mikhail II Asên was the son of Tsar of Bulgaria Ivan Asên II Belgun.
	virts.rootsweb.com /~cousin/html/p266.htm (4250 words)

	Veliko Tŭrnovo on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		The second Bulgarian kingdom came into existence at Trnovo when Ivan I was proclaimed czar in 1186.
		It was the capital of Bulgaria under Ivan II, who built (1230) the Church of the Forty Martyrs.
		A Bulgarian constitution was drafted in 1879 at Trnovo, where the full independence of Bulgaria was proclaimed in 1908.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/V/VelikoT1u.asp (125 words)

	soc.culture.bulgaria FAQ (monthly posting) (part 7/10)
		Bulgaria declined under Simeon's successors, and in 1014 the Byzantine emperor Basil II won a battle over the Bulgarian army after which he ordered 14,000 prisoners to be blinded.
		Bulgaria declared "symbolic war" on Great Britain and the United States, but did not send its forces into combat and declined to deport its Jewish population to the death camps in Poland.
		At the end of World War II, Tito's regime adopted the position that Macedonians were a distinct nationality and recognized the former "South Serbia" as the Macedonian Republic, one of the five republics of the Yugoslav federation, and sought to transfer to it the Pirin region from Bulgaria.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/bulgaria-faq/part7 (12056 words)

	World War II [encyclopedia]
		World War II is the most extensive and costly war in the history of the world, involving most of the world's nations, being fought simultaneously in several major theaters, and costing approximately 50 million lives.
		The war was fought mainly between an alliance of the United States, the Soviet Union, China and Britain (known as the Allies), and the Axis Powers, an alliance between Germany, Italy and Japan.
		World War II is the most extensive and costly armed conflict in the history of the world, involving the great majority of the world's nations, being fought simultaneously in several major theaters, and costing approximately 50 million lives.
	artzia.com /History/Wars/WWII (2528 words)

	dr-list: Articles about [Ex-]King Simeon II of Bulgaria & B (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		BULGARIA'S former king, Simeon II, was last night leading his political party to victory in a general election that marked the first time an eastern European country had returned a monarch to power.
		Bulgaria is at the back of the queue for European Union membership and has had tough public spending limits imposed in return for loans from the IMF.
		Bulgaria and Romania are certainly the economic laggards of ex-communist Europe outside the former Soviet Union, and excluding Albania and the war-ravaged bits of ex-Yugoslavia.
	tangra.si.umich.edu /~radev/dr-list-email/email/0201.html (8854 words)

	Bulgaria.com - History, Rulers of Bulgaria - Tsar Peter II and Tsar Assen I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		When in 1185 another tax was levied on the population north of the Balkan range, the two brothers saw the opportune moment for a new uprising.
		After a three-month siege Emperor Isaac II Angelus failed to crush the resistance of the defenders of the fortress, fighting for their newly liberated state.
		The Byzantine chronicler Nicetas Choniates wrote that the brothers were striving to unite the three Bulgarian regions: Moesia, Thrace and Macedonia under their rule, as it had been in earlier times.
	www.bulgaria.com /history/rulers/peter2assen1.html (838 words)

	My Lines - Person Page 209
		She married imperator Romaniae Baudouin II Porphyrogénète de Courtenay, son of Pierre II, imperator Romaniae and Yolande, Impératrice Romaniae, in 1229; From this union descend the Titular Emperors of Constantinople.
		She was the daughter of Tsar of Bulgaria Ivan Asên II Belgun and Theodora Batatzaina.
		Emperor of Bulgaria Konstantine Tich was born circa 1240.
	homepages.rootsweb.com /~cousin/html/p209.htm (5963 words)

	Destinos - Historia
		En aquel entonces Bulgaria tiene salida a tres mares: al Negro, al Egeo y al Adriático, siendo la capital la ciudad de Preslav.
		A la futura Bulgaria se le concede un estatuto de principado autónomo en los límites señalados por la Conferencia de Estambul.
		Bulgaria, separada bajo el nombre de Rumelia Oriental, quedó sometida al protectorado político y militar del sultán.
	www.rumbo.es /guide/es/europa/bulgaria/histo.htm (1369 words)

	My Lines - Person Page 415
		Bagrat II, King of K'art'li was the son of Smbat I, King of K'art'li.
		Tsar of Bulgaria Boris II of Bulgaria was the son of Tsar of Bulgaria Petar I of Bulgaria and Maria Lekapenos.
		She married Tsar of Bulgaria Ivan Asên II Belgun, son of Tsar of Bulgaria Ivan Asên I Belgun and Eirene Doukaina.
	homepages.rootsweb.com /~cousin/html/p415.htm (4112 words)

	dr-list: dr-list [BWSC] Simeon II Named Bulgaria Premier (fwd) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		SOFIA, Bulgaria -- Simeon II, crowned king during World War II and forced to flee the communists at age 9, was named Bulgaria's next prime minister Thursday.
		He was crowned king of Bulgaria at the age of 6 in 1943 after the sudden death of his father, but lost his throne in a 1946 referendum widely believed to have been rigged by the communists.
		Slim and bearded, the 64-year-old father of five first returned to Bulgaria in 1996 after the fall of communism.
	tangra.si.umich.edu /~radev/dr-list-email/email/0195.html (829 words)

	SIMEON II OF BULGARIA RETURNS TO POWER AS HIS NEW POLITICAL PARTY TRIUMPHS
		Two months ago, the former monarch founded a new party, the National Movement for Simeon II Simeon II, the former King of Bulgaria, has returned to power after his recently launched political party secured nearly 45 per cent of the popular vote in Sunday’s general election.
		Simeon II, who returned to the country earlier this year following more than 50 years of exile, is the region’s first monarch to return to power since the collapse of communism in 1989.
		Bulgaria has been in poor economic shape since a 1996-1997 crisis, a factor which also featured prominently in the election.
	www.hellomagazine.com /2001/06/18/simeon (386 words)

	European Royal History: Our Bookstore (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		She was born a Princess of Belgium, the daughter of King Leopold II.
		Alexander II, Tsar of Russia; Ivor Nicholsoon and Watson 1935 (A) $50.00
		The voyage to exile of the Romanovs in the Crimea onboard the HMS Marlborough.
	www.eurohistory.com /bookstore.htm (5666 words)

	cars - Andrew II of Hungary
		András, Slovak: Ondrej II) was a son of Bela III of Hungary and succeeded his nephew, the infant Ladislaus III, in 1205.
		The Christian kingdom of Palestine was by this time reduced to a strip of coast about 440 sq.
		Maria of Hungary (1203-1221), married Tsar Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria
	www.carluvers.com /cars/Andrew_II (440 words)

	vacuum-guide.com - vacuum pumps manufacturers and vacuum systems suppliers in Bulgaria.
		Application area: Corrosive and abrasive gases and steam in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry.
		The Production situated in Yambol, Bulgaria, is organized in accordance with the DIN EN ISO 9001:2000 requirements.The company guarantees high quality products at reasonable prices and perfect service from experienced specialists.
		The rotary vacuum pumps, filters and components have been manufactured in compliance with Leybold Company's licence, Germany.
	www.vacuum-guide.de /firmenlisten/laender/bulgaria.htm (390 words)

	Ivan II
		Staff Sgt. Ivan "Chip" Frederick, II, from the 372nd Military Police Company is among those charged with abuse of Iraqi detainees at Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq.
		IVAN THE TERRIBLE 1 AND 2; IVAN GROZNY (Magill's Survey of Cinema)
		Inside Iraq's House of Horrors: Charged with tormenting Iraqi prisoners, Sgt. Ivan Frederick maintains his innocence, but photographs and Army reports may tell a different, terrible tale.(Crime) (People Weekly)
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0825701.html (408 words)

	Ivan (john) Asen Ii Bulgaria / Princess Of Hungary Maria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Ivan (john) Asen Ii Bulgaria / Princess Of Hungary Maria
		Father: John Asen I Czar Of Bulgaria Mother: Unknown
		Father: King Andras Ii Masodik Of Hungary Mother: Countess Gertrude Of Andechs
	www.e-familytree.net /F8/F8852.htm (288 words)

	Ivan Asen
		Ivan II - Ivan II or Ivan Asen, d.
		Bulgaria: History - History Early History Ancient Thrace and Moesia, which modern Bulgaria occupies, were settled (6th...
		Serbia: History - History Consolidation of a People Serbs settled in the Balkan Peninsula in the 6th and 7th cent.
	www.factmonster.com /id/A0914779 (91 words)

	ivan ii of russia
		Grand Prince Ivan II Ivanovitch of Vladimir (Иван II Иванович in Russian) (born 30 March 1326 in Moscow - died 13 November 1359 in Moscow) (1353-1359)
		Upon succeeding his brother Simeon to the throne Ivan initially toyed with abandoning the traditional Muscovite allegiance to the Mongols and allying with Lithuania.
		Serebella: Index - Ivan Ignatyevich Yakubovsky to Ivan Visin
	www.fact-library.com /ivan_ii_of_russia.html (124 words)

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