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	Bell tower - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A tower containing one or more bells, typically part of a church, is a bell tower; attached to a city hall or other civil building, it is usually named belfry; the occasional free standing one may be referred to by its Italian name, campanile.
		The bell is rung to signify the time, for special events such as weddings and funerals, or especially in old days to sound a civil defense or fire alarm.
		Bell towers may also contain carillons, a musical instrument traditionally comprised of large bells which are sounded by cables, chains, or cords connected to a keyboard.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bell_tower (475 words)

	Ivan the Great Bell Tower - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Ivan the Great Bell Tower is the tallest of the bell towers ringing the Moscow Kremlin complex, with a total height of 81 meters (266 feet).
		From 1505 to 1508 a new bell tower was erected next to the church on the foundation of the old tower, which gave it its name.
		Ivan the Great Bell Tower adjoins the Assumption Belfry, which was built between 1523 and 1543 by the Italian immigrant architect Petrok Maly Fryazin (who converted to Orthodox Christianity and settled in Russia).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ivan_the_Great_Bell_Tower (413 words)

	Sukharev Tower - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The tower was built in the Moscow baroque style at the intersection of the Garden Ring with the Sretenka street in 1692-95.
		Tsar Peter the Great envisaged the tower as the Sretenka Gates of the Earth City in Moscow, but the edifice proved to be more than this.
		"The bride of the Ivan Velikiy" (as Muscovites used to call the tower) was demolished in 1934 during the Stalinist reconstruction of the Moscow downtown.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sukharev_Tower (238 words)

	Ivan the Great's Bell Tower was built for the Assumption, Archangel and Annunciation Cathedrals, which did not have ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ivan the Great's Bell Tower was built for the Assumption, Archangel and Annunciation Cathedrals, which did not have their own belfries.
		Ivan the Great's Bell Tower adjoins the Assumption Belfry, which was built between 1523 and 1543 by the Italian architect Petrok Maly.
		It was bells which summoned the orthodox nation to their church services, while for those who could not go to church it prompted them to say prayers in the quietness of their heart.
	www.moskva.ru /guide/kremlin/kremlin_e9.html (644 words)

	Kremlin
		The other notable structure is the Ivan the Great Bell Tower[?] on the north-east corner of the square, it is 260 ft high and is said to mark the exact centre of Moscow.
		The oldest secular structure still standing is the Palace of Facets[?] (1491), which holds the imperial thrones, it was commissioned by Ivan IV (the Terrible).
		The Northeast corner of the Kremlin is occupied by the Arsenal[?], it was originally built for Peter the Great in 1701.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/kr/Kremlin.html (486 words)

	Welcome to Russia! Moscow times! Moscow news! Moscow Pass project is a step forward to the future of tourism in Russia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Tsar Bell, a masterpiece of Russian casting, was found in 1735 by the Court cast master Ivan Matorin and his son Mikhail for the Uspenskaya belfry.
		Ivan the Great's Bell Tower and the Assumption Belfry
		The bell is one of the symbols of the Christian Church.
	www.moscowpass.ru /main_eng.asp?menu=Museums (523 words)

	Kremlin \| Moscow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ivan the Great, Ivan the Terrible, Lenin, Stalin, Gorba and Yeltsin all held sway here, and from within these fortified walls they cast their indelible marks on the pages of history.
		Ivan the Great was responsible for the most ambitious modifications, and during the period of 1475-1516 Italian architects were brought in to build new fortified walls and a number of cathedrals - including the Cathedral of the Assumption, outside which Ivan famously tore up the charter binding Moscow's princes to pay tribute to the Mongols.
		Ivan The Great Bell Tower — its gleaming gilt dome dominates the Kremlin skyline, and for centuries the Ivan the Great Bell Tower was the tallest structure in all of Russia.
	www.moscow-life.com /moscow/kremlin (1209 words)

	President of Russia \|
		The Church of St. Ioann Lestvichnik and the Ivan the Great Bell Tower
		On the Kremlin’s Cathedral Square rises one of the masterpieces of the 16th century: the Ivan the Great Bell Tower, built by Marco Bon Fryazin in 1505-1508 in place of an old stone church of 1329.
		The bell tower is 81 meters high, the walls of the first tier are 5 meters thick and those of the second are 2.5 meters thick.
	www.kremlin.ru /eng/articles/Cathedrals03.shtml (274 words)

	Ivan the Great Bell Tower in the Moscow Kremlin, Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ivan the Great Bell Tower in the Moscow Kremlin, Russia
		The bell tower was built for the Kremlin's Assumption, Archangel and Annunciation Cathedrals, which did not have their own belfries, on the site of Moscow's first ever bell tower, which belonged to the 1329 Church of St. John Climacus-under-the Bells.
		The Ivan the Great Bell Tower was constructed by the Italian architect, Marco Bono, between 1505 and 1508, and its magnificent, white octagonal tower was later increased to its present height by the addition of two extra tiers.
	www.moscow-taxi.com /sightseeing/kremlin/bell-tower.html (463 words)

	Blagovest Bells— History of Russian Bells (Lukianov)
		Bells are probably the closest relatives to the Biblical cymbals• they are a beautiful combination of percussion instrument and horn, emitting both a dispersed sound, and a concentrated beam of sound from the impact of the clapper against the body of the bell.
		The bells not only called people to the beginning of worship, but by means of ringing different bells or different ringing patterns, they instructed those who could not make it to church, which important parts of the service were being celebrated, so that absentees could mentally and spiritually participate in the services.
		Russian bells donated by Emperor Alexander III are at Holy Trinity Cathedral in San Francisco, the cathedral of the Orthodox Church in America's Western Diocese.
	www.russianbells.com /history/history1.html (4167 words)

	Cathedral Sqaure in the Moscow Kremlin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		TheAssumption Cathedral (Cathedral of the Dormition) The oldest and largest church in Cathedral Square-Uspenski Sobor or the Cathedral of the Assumption was commissioned by Ivan the Great to be the main church of Moscow.
		Ivan the Great Bell Tower Dominating the Kremlin skyline, the Ivan the Great Bell Tower, on the Northeast corner of the Cathedral Square, is said to mark the exact center of Moscow.
		In addition to the main belfry, the Ivan the Great Bell Tower consists of the smaller domed Bono Tower, and the steepled tower of the Patriarch Philaret, both added to the original 16th Century structure.
	uts.cc.utexas.edu /~powellm/cathedrals.html (421 words)

	Blagovest Bells— Spasskaya Tower, Moscow
		The tower got its tent-like roof between 1624 and 1625, and it is the enclave under this roof that now houses the flat bells.
		New bells were necessary because most of the original ones were lost over time, and the bells that weren't lost were ruined before the revolution by amateur bell workers.
		The bell experts are primarily concerned, however, with rumors that a high official in the Kremlin is lobbying on behalf of a Dutch bell-making firm that reportedly intends to replace the flat bells with its own bells.
	www.russianbells.com /interest/spbgt-spasskaya.html (1993 words)

	Ivan the Great Bell Tower (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Ivan the Great Bell Tower is the tallest structure in the Kremlin (81 m or266 ft).
		From the top of the tower - which wasincreased in height by Boris Godunov in 1600, making it the tallest towerin Russia at that time - the view extends for some 40 km (25 miles), soit was a strategic watch tower.
		The firsttier of the Bell-Tower housed the ancient Church of St.John Climacus.
	www.moscowkremlin.ru /ns/english/33.html (138 words)

	Blagovest Bells— Bell Ringing Heals Illness & Depression
		Because of him, hundreds of bell towers in different cities have reacquired their voices, including the major tower of the country, the Kremlin's Ivan Velikiy ["Ivan the Great" or perhaps even "Big John"].
		That means not only the art of the ringers and acoustics of the bell tower, but also the qualities of the alloy and the way in which it was cast are significant.
		Bells are made in such a way that their vibrations harmonize with the state of our physical vessel.
	www.russianbells.com /interest/zdorovie/zdorovie.html (1094 words)

	ASC Russian Collaborations template
		From the top of the tower - which was increased in height by Boris Godunov in 1600, making it the tallest tower in Russia at that time - the view extends for some 40 km (25 miles), so it was a strategic watch tower.
		In 1532-43, the master builder Petrok Maly added a belfry to the Bell Tower; in the 17th century, the so-called Filaret Annex was added to the tower's northern side.
		It was connected by a passage at the gallery level with the palace of the grand prince and later with the tsar's residence.
	www.sandia.gov /ASC/russia/russia_moreinfo.html (702 words)

	Camelot Village: Britain's Heritage and History
		Ivan, however, succeeded in making his lands independent of the khanate of the Golden Horde.
		By 1480 Ivan was able to call himself the "Tsar of all the Russias" ("tsar" from the Latin "Caesar").
		The octagonal Ivan the Great bell tower houses 21 bells, the largest of which weighs 64 tons.
	www.camelotintl.com /world/02ivan3.html (220 words)

	RCC
		In 1472, Ivan III (The Great) assumed the title of "Sovereign of All Russia" and adopted the emblem of the two-headed eagle of the Byzantine Empire.
		Outside the tower is a replica which was made from the original's fragments but never raised, as an 11 ton section broke off in the casting pit during another fire.
		The Seal of Russia, the two-headed eagle, was adopted by Ivan the Great in 1472 from Byzantium.
	www.frccusa.org /Collection.html (5455 words)

	Hexapedia - Ivan the Great Bell Tower (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab3.cs.columbia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Ivan the Great Bell Tower is the tallest bell tower of the Kremlin in Moscow, with a total height of 81 meters (266 feet).
		It was built for the Assumption, Archangel and Annunciation Cathedrals, which do not have their own belfries.
		From 1329 Moscow's first bell tower stood on this site — the Church of St. John Climacus-under-the Bell.
	www.hexafind.com.cob-web.org:8888 /encyclopedia/Ivan_the_Great_Bell_Tower (368 words)

	The Kremlin in Moscow, Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Kremlin Walls and Towers - the gradual development of the citadel's impressive fortifications from the 15th to the 17th centuries and the influence of European architectural styles on their design and construction.
		Cathedral of the Assumption - the oldest of the Kremlin's cathedrals and the protector of the Russian Orthodox faith since the seat of the Church was transferred to Moscow from Vladimir in 1326.
		Ivan the Great Bell Tower - 16th century bell tower, built to be the voice of the Assumption, Archangel and Annunciation Cathedrals, and soaring to a height of 81 meters above the Kremlin's Cathedral Square.
	www.moscow-taxi.com /sightseeing/kremlin/index.asp (707 words)

	The Moscow Kremlin and Red Square: Kremin Guide
		This is the Ivan the Great Bell-Tower, a world-famous monument of sixteenth-century Russian architecture.
		Ivan the Great is not only a first-class architectural monument, but also a fine example of the building techniques of that period.
		The body of the tower is made of brick, but the socle and foundations consist of blocks of white stone.
	dimkin.df.ru /moscow/kremlin_58.html (1058 words)

	Ivan the Great Bell Tower :: The Kremlin, Moscow, Gorod Moskva, Russia :: Glass Steel and Stone
		Ivan the Great Bell Tower :: The Kremlin, Moscow, Gorod Moskva, Russia :: Glass Steel and Stone
		The bell tower has had a history of bad luck with its bells.
		Parts of that bell were used to make a new bell, which is also damaged.
	glasssteelandstone.com /BuildingDetail/240.php (291 words)

	The Moscow Kremlin - Kremlin museums
		The Ivan the Terrible's wooden carved praying-seat and the unique necropolis are also of special interest.
		The dynastic necropolis of Moscow Great Princes and Tsars.
		The ensemble of monumental painting of the cathedral of Ivan the Terrible's epoch and the ancient iconostasis are of great value.
	www.kremlin.museum.ru /en/main/museums (513 words)

	Moscow highlights
		The tall Water Tower marks the south-western corner of the Kremlin, the Great Kremlin Palace is in the center of the photo, and you can see the domes of the Annunciation Cathedral and Archangel Cathedral next to it, along with the Ivan the Great Bell Tower and the attached belfry.
		The bell tower which you can see behind it is widely considered to be the finest in all of Moscow.
		The bell tower again, this time with the Smolensk Cathedral which is said to be modelled after the Assumption Cathedral within the Kremlin.
	www.richard-seaman.com /Travel/Russia/Moscow/Highlights/index.html (3139 words)

	My Life in Russia
		It was here that Peter the Great banished his half sister Sophia after her attempt to gain power and later his first wife Evdokia.
		Constructed in the early 1900s on the site of a secret prison used during the reign of Catherine the Great as the headquarters of the Rossiya insurance firm.
		After a summer visit from St.Petersburg in 1775 Cathrine the Great bought the beautiful 6,200 acre estate complete with palace and miniture opera house known as Chornaya Grvaz and renamed it Tzaritsyno.
	www.geocities.com /vodkanightmare (507 words)

	Ivan the Great Bell Tower Notes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Actually, the Tower derived its name not from Ivan III, but from the name of the earlier church tower, honoring St.
		Ivan III did order the construction of the new tower, which took from 1505 to 1508.
		Napoleon, nice guy that he was, tried to blow up the Tower before he retreated from Moscow in 1812, but although the explosion levelled the adjoining buildings, the Bell Tower survived with only a small crack.
	novaonline.nv.cc.va.us /eli/evans/HIS241/Notes/IvanBellTower.html (144 words)

	The Moscow Kremlin - Kremlin museums
		The Ivan the Great Bell-Tower complex had been formed for two centuries.
		A century later another one arcade for bells was added to the Bell-Tower so that its total height achieved 81 m.
		At present, 24 bells of XVI-XVII centuries are located on the bell-tower and belfry.
	www.kreml.ru /en/main/museums/belltower (217 words)

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